动脉内接触性溶栓治疗急性脑梗死研究现状

溶栓治疗急性脑梗死仍处于探索阶段。文章就动脉内接触性溶栓的理论根据、治疗时间窗、操作方法、临床疗效以及溶栓后辅以颅内动脉血管成形术等作了综述。     

经皮腔内血管成形术联合血管内支架治疗老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的疗效

目的探讨经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)联合血管内支架治疗老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的临床疗效。方法收集28例老年患者、31条肢体,共53处病变部位行血管形成术联合支架植入术(PTAS)进行治疗,术后1个月对患者的跛行距离及踝肱指数进行监测,同时对术后病变部位的血管通畅率进行随访。结果行PTAS手术后,髂动脉的成功率为100%,股腘动脉的成功率为95.24%;术后1个月,患者的踝肱指数由术前的(0.35±0.11)增加至术后的(0.95±0.09),间歇性跛行距离由术前的(117.3±29.9)m增加至术后的(518.4±122.7)m,手术前、后比较差异显著(P0.05);术后2年髂动脉的血管通畅率为91.67%,股腘动脉的血管通畅率为80.95%。结论 PTA联合PTAS治疗下肢动脉ASO手术成功率高、创伤性小、安全有效,且能有效改善缺血区的血液供应,再狭窄可能性减小。     

糖尿病下肢动脉缺血的介入治疗

糖尿病下肢血管病变的介入治疗方法包括经皮血管成形术、血管内支架术、血管腔内硬化斑块旋切术和激光血管成形术。把握合适的治疗时机和选择恰当的治疗方法，可以提高介入治疗的成功率。术后辅助治疗和定期随访监测更有助于提高远期通畅率。     

椎基底动脉狭窄的血管内治疗

对于重度椎基底动脉狭窄药物治疗无效的患者，大脑后循环血管重建较前循环要困难得多。应用经皮腔内血管成形术加支架置入术的血管内治疗可增加后循环血流量、降低急性闭塞和血栓栓塞并发症的发生率，成为一种很有前景的临床治疗方法。文章详细介绍了椎基底动脉狭窄血管内治疗的发展现状、适应证、方法、并发症和预防策略。     

经皮血管腔内成形术对不同程度下肢慢性缺血患者生存质量的影响

目的探讨经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)对不同程度下肢慢性缺血病变患者生存质量的影响。方法选择2007年6月至2010年6月在该院行PTA治疗的下肢慢性缺血患者68例,按卢瑟福-贝克分级量表分为跛行组(30例)和缺血组(38例),所有患者均于术前、出院前1 d及出院后6个月以SF-36量表评价生存质量,测量踝肱指数(ABI),统计疼痛缓解率、截肢率及死亡率。结果缺血组下肢完全血运重建率明显低于跛行组(P<0.05)。跛行组的患者出院前1 d及出院后6个月ABI及疼痛缓解率明显高于缺血组(P<0.05)。跛行组无死亡和截肢患者,缺血组6个月截肢率为10.2%(5条/49条),死亡2例,组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。跛行组出院前1 d及出院后6个月SF-36量表中的8个维度均较术前高(P<0.05),但在出院前1 d及出院后6个月间无显著差异(P>0.05);缺血组在出院前1 d生理功能(PF)、躯体疼痛(BP)及活力(VT)等维度较术前高(P<0.05),出院后6个月高于术前的维度只有BP和VT(P<0.05),且维度在出院前1 d至出院后6个月间有下降趋势,但未发现显著差异(P>0.05)。除情感职能(RE)和精神健康(MH)外出院前1 d的其他维度在两组间存在显著差异(P<0.05),出院后6个月除总体健康(GH)、RE及MH外的维度在两组间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 PTA可改善下肢慢性缺血病变患者血供,缓解症状,减少截肢率,提高其生存质量,尤其对于间歇跛行的患者。但对于严重下肢慢性缺血的患者,PTA完全血运重建率低,即使完全血运重建,也不一定能减低截肢概率,改善生存质量,故选择适当的适应证尤为重要。     

下肢静脉性溃疡血管腔内治疗研究进展

下肢静脉性溃疡是慢性下肢静脉功能不全的严重并发症,严重影响了患者的身心健康和生活质量。溃疡的治疗因病因不同而各异,因此及时、正确的诊断至关重要。目前,下肢静脉性溃疡的发病机制较为复杂,尚未完全阐明。针对下肢静脉性溃疡的腔内治疗（包括腔内激光闭合治疗、腔内射频消融、腔内硬化剂注射、经皮血管腔内血管成形术等）已日趋成熟,并取得了良好的疗效,现对其研究进展进行综述,以供临床参考。     

血管内超声在下肢动脉腔内治疗中的应用分析

目的:探讨血管内超声(IVUS)在下肢动脉闭塞病变患者腔内血管重建术中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析2019年7月至2020年7月于中南大学湘雅二医院血管外科接受IVUS和数字减影血管造影(DSA)指导下腔内技术治疗的24例下肢动脉闭塞病变患者术前、术中情况和术后随访数据,比较IVUS和DSA对血管准备后残余狭窄和夹层程...     

扩容、止痛减少经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术后血管迷走神经反射的研究

目的 了解经扩容、止痛处理对减少经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)后血管迷走神经反射的作用。方法 将PTCA术后56例冠心病患者随机分为预防组和对照组，前者在拔除股动脉鞘管前给予扩容及止痛处理，后者直接拔管。结果 扩容及止痛处理后，预防组PTCA术后血管迷走神经反射发生率较对照组减少25．13％。结论 PTCA术后拔管前进行扩容和止痛处理能有效预防血管迷走神经反射，可作为常规预防方法。     

下肢动脉缺血性疾病研究进展

下肢缺血性疾病的诊断和治疗技术不断提高,如何更好的降低截肢率、改善间歇性破行、提高生活质量仍是研究的热点。血管腔内血管成形术用于治疗可能优于目前其它治疗方法,有待于进一步研究。     

血管腔内放疗对经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄的防治

目的 :观察血管腔内放疗对经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)后再狭窄的防治作用。方法 :选用家兔经颈外动脉插管对其颈总动脉实行了 PTCA,术后给予血管腔内放疗 (核通后装治疗计划 ) ,放射源中心轴外 3m m为处方剂量点 ,分别照射 10 Gy、2 0 Gy和 30 Gy。术后 4、12、2 4周取颈总动脉行病理检查。结果 :对照组PTCA后 4周 ,可见管腔狭窄 ,内膜不规则增厚 ,新生内膜内见大量棱形平滑肌细胞 ,排列紊乱 ,部分内弹力膜断裂。 10 Gy剂量放疗组未见有新生内膜 ,管腔无狭窄 ,内弹力膜完整 ,管壁略变薄。 2 0 Gy或 30 Gy放疗组管腔变大 ,管壁明显变薄 ,胶原组织和平滑肌细胞数量减少。 12周的病理结果与 2 4周时无明显差异。结论 :血管腔内放射治疗可明显抑制血管损伤后的组织增生 ,且抑制程度与剂量相关。     

犬脑血管痉挛经皮腔内血管成形术治疗

目的　探讨经皮腔内血管成形术 (PTA)治疗顽固性脑血管痉挛的可行性和效果。方法　成年杂种犬 2 0只 ,采用枕大池两次注血模型。应用扩张后直径为 1.5mm的硅胶球囊 ,扩张压力为 2个大气压、持续时间 10s,在痉挛的基底动脉近、远端分别扩张 1次。结果　 2 0只犬的基底动脉均发生痉挛 ,为其中的 14只进行了PTA治疗 ,成功13只、死亡 1只 ;另外的 6只犬 ,由于血管解剖原因 ,无法进行PTA操作。PTA治疗后 ,痉挛的基底动脉明显扩张 ,犬神经功能恢复明显加快。 2 0d后复查脑血管造影 ,接受PTA治疗犬的基底动脉显影基本正常 ,而未进行PTA治疗犬的基底动脉仍有明显的痉挛。结论　PTA是治疗顽固性脑血管痉挛的一种有效方法     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for unstable angina: Predictors of outcome in a multicenter study

Background: Angiographic and clinical studies have demonstrated that coronary artery plaque rupture with thrombus formation, spasm, or both are frequently responsible for the syndrome of unstable angina. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is commonly used in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease and unstable angina. A number of studies have shown, however, that intracoronary thrombus increases the risk of abrupt vessel closure. The purpose of this study was to define preprocedural variables predictive of the outcome of PTCA performed on patients with unstable angina in a prospective multicenter study using a core angiographic laboratory.Methods and Results: A total of 386 patients with unstable angina underwent coronary angioplasty of 487 lesions treated with balloon PTCA at 9 medical centers. Multivessel or left main coronary artery disease was present in 55% and recent myocardial infarction in 22%. Clinical success was achieved in 317 of 386 patients (82.1%), as defined by <50% residual stenosis at every target lesion evaluated in the core angiographic laboratory and no major complication during hospitalization. Major complications (death, Q-wave or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, or emergency coronary artery bypass surgery) occurred in 36 patients (9.3%), and abrupt vessel closure occurred in 50 (13.0%). Logistic regression analysis identified preprocedural variables that were predictive of outcome of angioplasty. Strong predictors of any complication (major complication or abrupt vessel closure) included age [odds ratio (OR)=1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 1.07]) for each additional year of age; p < 0.001), number of diseased vessels (OR=1.58; 95% CI=1.16, 2.15 per additional vessel; p=0.012), the number of lesions treated at angioplasty (OR =1.72; 95% CI=1.11, 2.66; p=0.014), and angiographic evidence of filling defect preceding angioplasty (OR=3.30; 95% CI=1.11, 9.75; p < 0.001).Conclusions: The outcome of PTCA performed for unstable angina is influenced by a combination of clinical, angiographic, and procedural variables. This study suggests that PTCA performed on lesions associated with filling defects or on more than one lesion at the time of the procedure carries an increased risk of complication. The outcome of PTCA for unstable angina may be improved by identifying new strategies for the treatment of lesions associated with filling defects and by using more accurate methods to identify and treat the culprit lesion responsible for unstable angina.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the popliteal artery without the use of stents: A review of 116 consecutive procedures

PURPOSE

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), without the use of stents, for the treatment of popliteal artery stenosis.

METHODS

From March 1997 to December 2003, 116 consecutive PTAs of the popliteal artery were performed in 98 patients. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative colour duplex scans and preoperative angiography. In all cases, the superficial femoral artery was patent and without significant stenosis. Follow-up patency was assessed by clinical examination and colour duplex scanning in all patients.

RESULTS

There was no perioperative mortality. Primary patency after two years was 86% for intermittent claudication (IC) patients and 54% for critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients. Secondary patency rates were 98% for IC patients versus 92% for CLI patients after one year, 94% for IC patients versus 83% for CLI patients after two years and 69% for IC patients versus 7% for CLI patients after five years (P<0.001).

CONCLUSION

Popliteal artery PTA is safe and efficient, especially in IC patients with single lesions.     

冠状动脉造影后即刻PTCA与择期PTCA的比较

目的　研究冠状动脉造影后即刻冠状动脉成形术的成功率及并发症率进而探讨其临床应用价值。方法　对冠状动脉造影后即刻冠脉成形术及靶病变特点与其相似的择期冠脉成形术各７０ 例进行对比分析。结果　Ａ 和Ｂ型病变的成功率和并发症率两组间差异无显著性,Ｃ型病变的成功率即刻组低于择期组（５７．１４％ 对９２．８６％ ,Ｐ＜ ０．０５）而并发症率高于择期组（５７．１４％ 对１４．２９％ ,Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,闭塞性病变的成功率及并发症率两组间差异无显著性。结论　Ｃ型病变不宜于造影后即刻行冠脉成形术。闭塞性病变可于造影后即刻试行冠脉成形以避免次全闭塞进展为完全闭塞后才进行手术。造影后即刻冠脉成形有一定的临床应用价值     

急性心肌梗塞直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术

目的观察急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者应用直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的安全性和有效性。方法对１１４例ＡＭＩ患者在发病１２小时内行直接ＰＴＣＡ术,其中有５例心原性休克的患者。梗塞相关血管（共１１５支血管）：左主干３例（２．６％）,前降支５６例（４８．７％）,回旋支１２例（１０４％）,右冠状动脉４４例（３８．５％）。ＴＩＭＩ血流：０级８２例（７１．３％）,１级１７例（１４．７％）,２级１６例（１４．０％）。结果１１１例患者手术成功,ＴＩＭＩ血流３级（９７．４％）。住院期间死亡３例（２．６％）,均为心原性休克患者,其中２例经紧急冠状动脉旁路移植术后死亡。８５例患者置入了冠状动脉内支架（７３．９％）。随访９５例患者,２例后期死于心力衰竭,９例出院后出现心肌缺血,其中８例再次行ＰＴＣＡ术。结论直接ＰＴＣＡ是治疗急性心肌梗塞的安全有效措施,成功率较高,并发症少;术后复发心肌缺血发生率较溶栓治疗低。     

补救性经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗急性心肌梗塞

目的探讨补救性经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）在治疗急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）中的作用。方法对溶栓治疗失败的３６例患者进行补救性ＰＴＣＡ治疗。患者心功能Ｋｉｌｐ分级：Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级４例，Ⅱ级和Ⅰ级３２例。冠状动脉造影显示梗塞相关动脉：前降支１７例，右冠状动脉１４例，回旋支４例，中间动脉１例。ＰＴＣＡ前ＴＩＭＩⅠ级和Ⅰ～Ⅱ级血流各２例，余３２例均为ＴＩＭＩ０级。３６例均进行ＰＴＣＡ治疗，其中１３例患者置入了支架。结果术中除３例失败外，３１例患者病变血管血流达到ＴＩＭＩⅢ级，２例ＴＩＭＩⅡⅢ级，残余狭窄≤５０％，成功率为９１．７％。院内并发症：１例在ＰＴＣＡ成功后当天因顽固性休克和心室纤颤死亡；１例于第３天死于心脏破裂，住院病死率为５．６％。１４例患者在术后１～２个月内复查冠状动脉造影，２例发生再狭窄。结论ＡＭＩ患者在溶栓治疗失败后，在有条件的医院可施行补救性ＰＴＣＡ治疗，成功率高，对改善患者的近期和远期预后可能有利     

Wireless laser-assisted angioplasty of the superficial femoral artery in patients with critical limb ischemia who have failed conventional percutaneous revascularization.

Percutaneous revascularization has become an effective treatment for patients suffering from chronic critical limb ischemia (CLI) due to chronic atherosclerotic obstructions, including total occlusions. Unlike other vascular beds, total chronic occlusions of the femoropopliteal arteries are frequently found in patients with severe claudication or CLI. As a consequence, patients with long chronic total occlusions of the femoropopliteal arteries are generally not considered optimal candidates for percutaneous revascularization and are frequently referred for surgical revascularization. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcome of a modified wireless laser ablation technique to recanalize total occlusions in patients with CLI who had failed conventional percutaneous techniques for limb salvage. Procedural success, complications, actuarial freedom of limb loss, and surgical revascularization were evaluated in 25 patients after a mean follow-up of 13 +/- 8 months. Procedural success was achieved in 21 patients (84%). Actuarial freedom from surgical revascularization or limb loss was 72%. There was one vascular perforation. No deaths or distal embolization occurred. Three patients (12%) required limb amputation during follow-up, whereas four patients (16%) had surgical revascularization in the presence of feasible vascular targets. Limb salvage was achieved in 88% of patients when laser recanalization was combined with surgical revascularization. These results suggest that the use of laser ablation is safe and facilitates angioplasty and stenting in patients with CLI that failed conventional endovascular revascularization. This technique might prevent limb loss in patients with CLI due to femoropopliteal total occlusions, particularly in patients with unsuitable anatomy for surgical revascularization.