单髁膝置换术与全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的近期疗效比较

目的探讨单髁膝置换术(UKA)与全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2017-01～2017-10对因膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎行UKA治疗患者15例(15膝),选取同期行TKA治疗患者30例(34膝)作为对照组。术前评估并记录两组患者的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分、膝关节活动度(ROM),记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后3 d血红蛋白(Hb)下降量、术后3个月及1年VAS评分、HSS评分、ROM。结果所有患者手术顺利完成。两组患者年龄、体重指数(BMI)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。UKA组手术时间、术中出血量、术后3 d Hb下降量、VAS评分均低于TKA组,而HSS评分、ROM高于TKA组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的手术治疗选择UKA更优于TKA,UKA具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后恢复快、功能恢复良好等优点,能够取得良好的近期疗效。     

两种手术方式治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎疗效对比分析

目的探讨膝关节单髁置换术(UKA)和全膝关节置换术(TKA)两种手术方式治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎的应用效果。方法根据手术方式不同,将研究对象分为两组:UKA组53例和TKA组61例,收集两组病例相关资料,对手术应用效果进行对比分析和评价。结果经SAS9.1统计分析,两组病例切口长度、手术用时、术中出血量、术后VAS疼痛评分、首次直腿抬高时间、住院时间以及术后感染发生率差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);术后1d关节活动度ROM和功能HSS评分差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论两种手术方式均取得满意效果,但各有特点。UKA术前须严格病例筛选,应引起重视。     

全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎膝外翻畸形临床研究

对63例膝骨关节炎膝外翻畸形患者行后稳定型人工膝关节置换术,应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行临床效果评价.本组随访8～24个月,HSS评分由术前平均34.7分提高为85.2分,外翻角由术前平均23.6°降至6.8°.所有患者日常生活能自理,无严重疼痛、功能障碍,疗效满意.提示全膝关节置换术是治疗膝骨关节炎膝外翻畸形的有效方法 .     

单髁置换术治疗老年单间室膝关节骨关节炎的中期疗效

目的评价单髁置换(UKA)术治疗老年单间室膝关节骨关节炎(OA)的中期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年1月空军总医院骨科收治的单间室膝关节OA患者23例(24膝),其中男性4例,女性19例,年龄52~71岁,平均年龄61.3岁,体质量55~69 kg,平均62.4 kg。由同一医师行UKA术,通过比较患者术前和术后末次随访时膝关节屈曲活动度(ROM)、膝关节学会评分(KSS)及西大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节指数(WOMAC)进行中期临床疗效评估。采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,术前、术后膝关节ROM、KSS、WOMAC比较采用配对t检验,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果所有患者经关节镜探查无UKA术禁忌证,未转行全膝置换(TKA)术,均顺利完成手术。手术时间为(93.8±11.6)min,术中出血量为(196.7±40.1)ml。患者术后无感染、无深静脉血栓发生,手术切口为I/甲愈合。患者随访5~7年,平均6.3年,相比手术前,随访末次时的ROM、KSS、WOMAC提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。患者随访期间无假体松动、移位及关节翻修等严重并发症。结论在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下,UKA治疗单间室膝关节OA可获得良好的中期疗效,具有创伤小,恢复快等优点,但长期疗效还有待研究。     

老年骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后关节功能的影响因素

膝关节疼痛是骨关节炎治疗上颇为头疼的难题,保守治疗疗效往往不佳,如不进行手术,患者多患有不同程度的膝关节功能障碍,加重症状[1,2].全膝关节置换术(TKA)以及关节镜下清理术是目前减轻骨关节炎,改善关节功能较为可靠的两个治疗办法[3],本研究拟分析老年骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后关节功能的影响因素. 1资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 我院2001年1月至2012年12月骨关节炎需行TKA病例211例,其中男性97例、女性114例,年龄55 ～ 81岁,平均年龄(71.1±7.2)岁.其中131例患者体型较为肥胖,体重在70～116 kg,患者术前的膝关节活动度数以及HSS评分分别为(68±10.3)度、(46.8±6.2)分.手术植入的假体多为施乐辉公司的旋转半月板假体,其次为林克公司产品.另外选取同时期内210例行关节镜下清理术治疗骨关节炎的病例作为对照组,其中男性96例、女性114例,年龄53～ 84岁,平均年龄(71.7±7.1)岁.患者术前的膝关节活动度数以及HSS评分分别为(67±9.6)度、(47.1±7.5)分.两组年龄、性别、术前膝关节活动度数以及HSS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),具有可比性.     

胫骨高位截骨Giebel系统固定治疗老年人膝内翻畸形

目的探讨应用胫骨高位截骨术及Giebel系统内固定治疗老年患者膝内翻畸形的有效性和优势。方法对老年膝内翻患者16例26膝采用上述方法手术。患者术前内翻畸形平均12．5°,膝关节活动度大于90°,不伴有其他关节间室病变,膝关节稳定性无明显异常,膝关节症状以内侧间室疼痛为主。对患膝进行精确的胫骨高位截骨术并应用Giebel系统内固定截骨端。手术前后测量患者关节活动度的大小,进行Lysholm评分。术后对患者进行主观满意度调查。结果术后未出现钢板螺钉断裂及神经血管损伤;1例切口脂肪液化延迟愈合。截骨处至术后12～16周均骨性愈合。测量矫正角度平均12．4°。对16例随访平均21个月,随访期间X线检查,下肢力线维持在术后水平,内外侧关节间隙无明显退变加重。至随访终末时,手术效果优良率为87．5％,81．3％患者对手术效果表示满意。手术前后膝关节活动度无明显变化;Lysholm评分由术前的49．1分增至79．4分,内外关节间隙差由术前的4．7 mm减至0．6 mm,内翻角度由术前的12．5°减至0．2°,手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0．01)。结论胫骨高位截骨术Giebel系统固定可有效地治疗老年患者轻中度膝关节内翻畸形,其创伤较小,固定强度大,骨愈合率高。     

加速康复外科护理在老年全膝关节置换术中的应用效果观察

目的 研究快速康复护理在老年患者进行膝关节置换术后康复锻炼中的应用方法和效果。方法 收集本科室2021年1月1日到2023年12月31日60例诊断为膝关节骨关节炎的住院患者为研究对象,2021—2022年收集的行人工膝关节置换术患者30例作为对照组,2022—2023年收集的30例行人工膝关节置换术患者作为ERAS组。ERAS组和对照组采用不同的护理方法和措施,对两组术后的指标、HSS膝关节评分、疼痛数字评分量表(NRS)和患者满意度进行比较。结果 ERAS组出院时HSS膝关节评分为(73.47±7.48)分、关节活动度为(14.53±2.24)分;3个月HSS膝关节评分为(81.10±5.13)分、关节活动度为(15.07±1.98)分,ERAS组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ERAS组首次进食时间(3.62±1.08)小时、首次排尿时间(3.78±1.01)小时、NRS评分(2.60±0.72)分、首次下床活动时间(3.57±1.48)天、住院时间(12.07±2.78)天,均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ERAS组患者及家属满意度...     

中药外敷联合关节腔内注入玻璃酸钠治疗早期膝骨关节炎临床疗效观察

目的 探讨中药外敷联合关节腔内注入玻璃酸钠治疗早期膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法 选取116例早期膝骨关节炎患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组及观察组各58例,对照组采用关节腔内注入玻璃酸钠治疗,观察组采用中药外敷配合关节腔内注入玻璃酸钠治疗。观察并比较两组膝部疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、特种外科医院（HSS）膝关节评分、关节活动度、内翻角、股四头肌肌力以及不良反应发生情况。结果 两组治疗前VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义,治疗后VAS评分均较治疗前降低（P均<0.05）;治疗后,观察组VAS评分低于对照组（P均<0.05）。两组治疗前HSS膝关节评分比较差异无统计学意义,治疗后HSS膝关节评分均较治疗前升高（P均<0.05）;治疗后,观察组HSS膝关节评分高于对照组（P均<0.05）。两组治疗前膝关节活动度、内翻角比较差异无统计学意义;治疗后膝关节活动度均较治疗前升高,内翻角均较治疗前降低（P均<0.05）;治疗后,观察组膝关节活动度高于对照组,内翻角低于对照组（P均<0.05）。两组治疗前膝关节肌力比较差异无统计学意义,治疗后两组膝关节肌力均增强（P...     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎并髋关节强直的临床疗效分析

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎并髋关节强直的技术要点及临床疗效。方法2011-03~2014-03对确诊为强直性脊柱炎并髋关节强直的患者17例(32髋)行人工全髋关节置换术,平均随访25.4(13~35)个月,对比手术前、后及末次随访时关节疼痛、关节屈曲畸形矫正度、关节总活动度及Harris评分改善情况。结果术前14例患者(27髋)髋关节呈屈曲挛缩畸形平均(35.42±3.15)°,术后平均(4.63±2.12)°,术后较术前明显改善(P0.01);术前关节总活动度(屈曲+后伸+内收+外展+内旋+外旋)平均(5.81±3.32)°,术后平均(152.47±3.76)°,术后较术前明显改善(P0.01);术前Harris评分平均(27.73±6.41)分,术后平均(82.31±6.58)分,术后较术前明显改善(P0.01);术前患者重度疼痛3例,中度疼痛6例,轻度疼痛8例,术后轻度疼痛7例,无中重度疼痛;无坐骨神经损伤、骨折、感染并发症出现,术后1例患者出现髋关节前脱位,给予手法复位、皮肤牵引后未再脱位。结论全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎并髋关节强直能迅速解除患者疼痛,改善关节功能,恢复生活自理能力,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

髌股关节退变对老年膝关节单髁置换术疗效的影响

目的探讨膝前痛和髌股关节退变对老年膝关节单髁置换术(UKA)疗效的影响。方法选取2011年1¹2月在该院接受治疗的老年内侧间室骨性关节炎患者96例(101膝),术前有膝前痛42膝(有膝前痛组),无膝前痛59膝(无膝前痛组)。采用Ahlback和Altman法对患者术前髌股关节影像学情况进行评估;探讨患者术前和术后膝关节功能情况。结果末次随访时两组患者与术前相比,OKS评分、AKS膝评分、AKS膝功能评分、WOMAC评分均明显改善(P<0.01);两组间术前、末次随访各项评分之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);依据Ahlback和Altman分级,末次随访各组内与术前相比评分均明显改善(P<0.01);末次随访时外侧受损组OKS评分、WOMAC评分均明显高于正常组(P<0.05);其余末次随访评分同侧与术前相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论膝前痛和内侧髌股关节损伤对于老年UKA的疗效无明显影响,外侧髌股关节损伤患者疗效较正常患者差。     

The effect of joint aspiration and corticosteroid injections in osteoarthritis of the knee

Aim: To evaluate the benefits of knee joint aspiration and injection in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A retrospective, pilot study involved 110 patients with knee OA from a dedicated OA clinic in a Melbourne tertiary hospital from 2007 to 2009. Only those who had completed two Multiple Attribute Prioritization Tool (MAPT) questionnaires within 6 months of the initial review were included. The MAPT was designed to help prioritise patients on orthopedic waiting lists. Three groups were analyzed: patients who had no corticosteroid injection or aspiration, patients who received corticosteroid injections, and patients who received both joint aspiration with corticosteroid injections. Results: Patients who had both joint aspiration and injection reported an improvement in pain compared with those who had no injection (56.3%vs. 32.2%, P = 0.03). Those who had joint injections also did better than those without injection (62.7%vs. 32.2%, P = 0.001). Reduced analgesia use was noted in 12.5% of patients with aspiration and injection compared with 1.7% with no injection or aspiration (P = 0.03). Improved walking distance was noted in 22.4% of patients who had injections compared with 8.5% of patients with no injections (P = 0.03). No significant differences in MAPT scores among the different treatment groups were noted. Conclusion: This pilot study appears to show a beneficial trend in giving corticosteroid injections and to aspirate the knee in OA patients. Further studies are needed to address the mechanical benefits, quadriceps strengthening and pain reduction with knee aspiration, as well as the effects that different volumes of fluid may have on knee mechanics and symptoms.     

Bone marrow lesions in the knee: the clinical conundrum

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common, debilitating condition. Twelve percent of people aged 60 years or older have symptomatic knee OA. With increasing global incidence of obesity, the prevalence of OA is set to dramatically rise Cartilage deterioration is a hallmark of the disease, but other areas are equally as important, such as changes to the subchondral bone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled us to view bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in the subchondral bone, allowing progress to be made in understanding their natural history, effect on pain, structural deterioration and other factors. The focus of this review is to try to put a new clinical perspective for the patients with BMLs in relation to pain, functional decline and prognosis.     

Perioperative clotting factor replacement and infection in total knee arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty, or replacement (TKR), is now the most commonly performed surgical procedure performed in adults with haemophilia. It is indicated when end-stage haemophilic arthropathy results in intractable pain and reduced function. In patients with haemophilia, however, there has always been a concern about the high risk of infection, which carries with it potentially catastrophic consequences. The aims of this study were to review the case series of TKR for haemophilic arthropathy published in the medical literature, comparing the published infection rates and the differing clotting factor replacement regimes employed. Nineteen retrospective case series were identified; representing 556 TKR's in 455 patients with an overall infection rate of 7.9%. Case series which maintained a high level of clotting factor replacement throughout the first two postoperative weeks, however, had an infection rate of 2.15%, significantly lower than that of case series using the clotting factor replacement regime currently recommended in the World Federation of Hemophilia guidelines (9.22% P = 0.00545). We believe this study supports the use of a high level clotting factor replacement regime, replacing clotting factors to maintain them at a higher level for a longer period of time than currently recommended in international guidelines.     

Total knee arthroplasty for severe haemophilic arthropathy: long-term experience in Taiwan

Summary. A number of articles have investigated the outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and causes of prosthetic failure in patients with haemophilic arthropathy. The aims of this retrospective study were to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of TKA and causes of prosthetic failure in patients with haemophilic arthropathy. A consecutive series of 35 TKA in 26 patients with haemophilic arthropathy were performed between November 1985 and October 2006 by one experienced surgeon. The mean age at index operation was 34.2 years old (range: 23.4–47 years) and the mean follow‐up duration was 82.2 months (range: 12–218 months). Clinical assessment included range of flexion, range of extension and total range of motion (ROM). Functional evaluation comprised pain score and functional score by Dr. Insall’s Knee Society Clinical Rating System. The average preoperative ROM was 63.2° with flexion contracture 15°, whereas the average postoperative ROM was 79.8° with flexion contracture 5.5°. Improvement of range of flexion was 7.1° (P = 0.16); improvement of range of extension was 9.5° (P < 0.01). Average increase of total ROM was 16.6° (P = 0.02). Pain score by Knee Society was 7.1 points preoperatively and 48 points postoperatively (P < 0.01); functional score by Knee Society was 42 points preoperatively and 77.1 points postoperatively (P < 0.01). Three patients received manipulations because of an inadequate ROM. Three infection episodes were treated with debridement and one of them received arthrodesis after removal of prosthesis. Two patients received revision TKA. One of them was because of loosening of femoral component. The other one received revision TKA because of insert wear. Though improvement in range of flexion is insignificant in haemophilic arthropathy of knee after TKA, it showed significant increase in total ROM after operation, especially in improvement of flexion contracture. It also showed great pain relief and significant functional gain. Under the circumstance of acceptable infection rate and complication, TKA is an effective method to achieve pain relief and gain better function in patients with haemophilic arthropathy of knee. The data of this study confirm those previously published by many authors.     

Autologous platelet gel for tissue regeneration in degenerative disorders of the knee

Background

The refinement of the use of platelet-derived growth factors that has occurred over the last decade has led to a broadening of the fields of use, in particular for new treatments in orthopaedics aimed at improving tissue regeneration.

Materials and methods

Twenty-seven patients, aged between 18 and 81 years, with a diagnosis of degenerative joint disease lasting for more than 1 year were treated. The patients were divided into two groups, one with arthritis of the knee, the other with degenerative cartilage disease of the knee. Both groups were treated with a therapeutic protocol consisting of a cycle of three infiltrations of platelet-rich plasma at weekly intervals.The extemporaneous preparation was made from a sample of about 8 mL of venous whole blood collected into a specific Fibrin Polymer 2 test-tube from RegenLab^® and centrifuged before addition of calcium gluconate.During the initial pre-treatment evaluation, specific questionnaires were administered, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for subjective measurement of pain and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC); these assessments were repeated 7 days after the end of the treatment and at 6 months during the follow-up.

Results

The parameters evaluated improved in both groups after treatment and there was a further improvement after 6 months of follow-up; furthermore, there was a substantial decrease in pain right after the first infiltration.

Discussion

The patients were treated on an out-patient basis by a specifically created multidisciplinary team comprising a transfusion specialist, an orthopaedist and a radiologist, who collaborate in a symbiotic manner. The out-patient protocol exploits the regenerative properties of platelet-rich plasma, which is a low cost treatment; in practice, a diagnostic-therapeutic programme of lower intensity, but of high technical and professional quality is created. The strategy also reduces both the number of hospital services and the pharmacological support required, thereby optimising the use of health care resources.     

Effects of bariatric surgery for knee complaints in (morbidly) obese adult patients: a systematic review

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis, and over the past 30 years the prevalence of obesity has more than doubled. In an advanced‐stage knee osteoarthritis is treated with total knee arthroplasty, and the demand for primary total knee arthroplasties is expected to grow exponentially. However, total knee arthroplasty in obese patients is associated with more complications, longer hospital stay and higher costs. We aimed to determine the effects of bariatric surgery on knee complaints in (morbidly) obese (body mass index >30 kg m^?2) adult patients. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, TRIP, BIOSIS‐Previews and reference lists of retrieved publications were systematically searched from earliest available up to 20 April 2014 for any English, German, French and Dutch studies. There was no restriction on study design. We included studies on the effect of surgically induced weight reduction on knee complaints in (morbidly) obese adult patients, with a minimal follow‐up of 3 months. Studies on the effects of lipectomy or liposuction and studies in which patients had already received a total knee arthroplasty were excluded. Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review with a total of 3,837 patients. Although different assessment tools were used, an overall significant improvement in knee pain was seen in 73% out of the used assessments. All studies measuring intensity of knee pain, knee physical function and knee stiffness showed a significant improvement after bariatric surgery. The quality of evidence was very low or too low for most of the included studies and moderate for one study. Bariatric surgery with subsequent marked weight loss is likely to improve knee pain, physical function and stiffness in (morbidly) obese adult patients. However, with the current available evidence, there is need for high‐quality studies.     

The identification of high risk knee bleeds in adolescents with severe haemophilia A

One hundred and thirty-seven knee bleeds treated with an initial dose of 11–16 units of factor VIII/kg have been reviewed in an attempt to find the predictive factors for bleeds requiring retransfusion. Thirty-two bleeds (23.4%) were retransfused within 48 hours because of extension of bleeding or poor progress. Fifty-nine per cent of bleeds which were retransfused presented with pain and 72% were tender at presentation. These figures contrasted with those for bleeds which were not retransfused of 30% and 45%. The difference in each case is significant. Forty-seven per cent of retransfused bleeds presented with less than 50% of normal movement against 12% who were not retransfused. This difference was also highly significant. It is suggested that knee bleeds presenting with pain, tenderness and/or more than 50% restriction of movement should be considered for higher initial doses of factor VIII.     

Radiographic assessment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the community: definitions and normal joint space

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate radiographic features of osteoarthritis (OA) to determine which is more closely associated with knee pain and hence might be used as a radiographic definition of OA in the community. To evaluate joint space width in normal subjects.METHODS—452 subjects from a case-control community study of knee pain (294 women, 158 men, mean age 62 years, range 40-80) underwent AP standing and mid-flexion skyline radiographs. Joint space width, measured by metered calliper to 0.1 mm, and graded individual features of OA (osteophyte 0-3, narrowing 0-3, sclerosis 0-1, cysts 0-1) were assessed in all three compartments independently by two observers who were blind to clinical status. Subjects were categorised as having knee pain by a positive response to both parts of the question "Have you ever had pain in or around the knee on most days for at least a month? If so, have you experienced any pain during the last year?"RESULTS—Intraobserver reproducibility for joint space width measurements was to within ±0.4 mm (95% CI for limits of agreement); κ values for grading were >0.7. One hundred and twenty five subjects were without knee pain or osteophyte. In these radiographically normal knees, mean joint space width varied according to sex but did not decrease with age. A definition based on the presence of osteophyte ?grade 1 in any compartment was more efficient at predicting pain than definitions based on either measurement or grading of joint space; there was no clear threshold of joint space loss at which the likelihood of pain substantially increased. The presence of osteophyte at the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) was more sensitive but less specific than at the tibiofemoral joint (TFJ); the addition of PFJ assessment improved sensitivity from 38.1% to 62.3% with a reduction in specificity from 82.7% to 58.7% for the presence of knee pain.CONCLUSION—Among men and women in the community, osteophyte is the radiographic feature that associates best with knee pain. Radiographic assessment of both TFJ and PFJ should be included in all community studies. Joint space loss is not a feature of asymptomatic aging, and there is not a biological cut off for joint space width below which the likelihood of knee pain markedly increases.