CapeOX方案结合手术治疗不可切除的结直肠癌肝转移

目的应用CapeOX方案作为一线化疗方案,结合手术切除治疗仅局限于肝脏的不可切除性结直肠癌肝转移的患者,评估是否改善预后。方法对不可切除性转移性结直肠癌患者应用capeOX方案化疗,每2周期评估1次,如可行治愈性切除则考虑手术。术后继续CapeOX方案化疗。记录化疗缓解率及手术切除情况,手术并发症、术后复发及生存状态。结果2005年7月至2007年8月共收治51例患者符合标准,化疗后缓解22例,缓解率为43．1％（22／51）,其中15例行治愈性切除。术后有5例出现并发症,无手术死亡,随访中位时间21个月,6例复发,其中4例死亡,其他均存活。化疗无效的或化疗后肿瘤缓解但未能行肝切除的中位生存期为12个月和19个月。结论应用CapeOX方案化疔可以使部分患者肿瘤缓解．结合肝切除术,可延长患者的生命。     

再次肝切除手术对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的临床疗效和生存情况的影响因素

目的 探讨再次肝切除手术对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的临床疗效和生存情况的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析94例结直肠癌肝转移复发患者临床相关资料,其中38例行再次肝切除术(观察组),其他56例进行内科化疗(对照组).结果 分别进行再次手术和化疗后,结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的1、3、5年生存率观察组为81.6%、52.6%和31.6%;对照组为62.5%、21.4%、7.1%,观察组患者生存率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).针对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者再次切除术的预后可能影响因素进行分析,其中癌直径大小、复发转移灶个数、切缘情况与患者5年生存率有关(P<0.05).术后并发症发生率为28.9%,均经过对症处理可耐受.结论 对于结直肠癌肝转移复发患者,再次肝切除术能提高远期疗效,对于癌直径较小、复发转移灶个数少、切缘阳性的患者效果更好.     

结直肠癌局限性肝转移的治疗

[目的]探讨结直肠癌局限性肝转移多种治疗方法的价值。[方法]对我院1987年-2000年收治的原发癌根治术后的引例结直肠癌局限性肝转移患者进行回顾性研究。[结果]原发癌加肝转移灶切除患者1、3、5年生存率分别为85.7％、46.9％、32.1％,而肝转移灶未治疗的患者分别为26.7％、0、0,两者的差异均有显著性（P<0.05）;肝转移灶微波固化和无水酒精注射及肝脏区域化疗合并组患者1、3、5年生存率分别为 74.2％、42.9％、19.2％,其与肝转移灶切除组的差异均无显著性（P>0.05）,与肝转移灶未治疗组的1、3年生存率差异有显著性（P<0.05）。[结论]1结直肠癌局限性肝转移患者,应尽可能彻底切除原发癌和肝转移灶,肝转移灶微波固化和无水酒精注射及肝脏区域化疗是其治疗的重要补充。     

肝动脉灌注在结直肠癌肝转移治疗中的应用现状及前景

结直肠癌（colorectal cancer ,CRC ）是中国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,肝转移是其主要的转移模式及治疗关键。相对于全身化疗,肝动脉灌注（hepatic arterial infusion,HAI）给药方式可使肝脏局部药物浓度升高,而外周血液中药物浓度较低,全身不良反应相对较低。HAI 化疗在肠癌肝转移的转化化疗、肝切除术后辅助化疗以及肠癌根治性切除术后的肝转移预防方面显示出一定的应用前景。本文就HAI 在肠癌肝转移的治疗现状及前景做一综述。     

结直肠癌肝转移治疗进展

结直肠癌肝转移是影响结直肠癌患者生存率的主要原因，目前对其治疗尚无最佳方案。肝叶切除术是治疗肝转移癌的“金标准”，对于3个以下的肝脏转移灶，行肝叶切除术是最佳选择。而对于无手术指征的肝转移患者，使用去氧氟尿苷的肝动脉化疗可获得较高的缓解率。随着生理周期化疗、基因治疗、射频消融治疗、肝血流阻断灌注治疗等方法的发展，结直肠癌肝转移患者的治愈率有望获得提高。     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科综合治疗

文章阐述了当前外科综合治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床和实验研究的进展，重点介绍了对肝叶切除术后再复发癌的手术效果，经肝区域性化疗和间质疗法等方法，为临床上更合理地选择结直肠癌肝转移的治疗方法提供参考。     

结直肠癌多发肝转移仍可手术切除

结直肠癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。由于人类寿命延长,老龄患者愈来愈多,结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率在我国乃至世界有逐渐上升的趋势。     

结直肠癌肝转移的治疗

结直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一 ,肝脏是结直肠癌常见的远处转移器官 ,结直肠癌患者最终约有 5 0 %发生肝转移[1] 。如何处理结直肠癌肝转移 ,是改善结直肠癌预后的 1个重要研究课题 ,我们对此作一综述。1　手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移患者行肝切除术是获得治愈的首选治疗手段 ,术后 5年生存率达 2 5 %～ 40 % [2～ 4 ] 。Ｎｏｒｄｌｉｎｇｅｒ等[3] 报道80例 ,其中 44例为单发性 ,36例为多发性 ;局限于 1叶者 76例 ,2叶者 4例 ;43例为同时性肝转移癌 (ｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓｌｉｖｅｒｍｅｔａｓｔａｓｅｓ) ,37例为异时性肝转移癌 (ｍｅｔａｃ…     

肝移植在结直肠癌肝转移中的价值

结直肠癌是全球范围内发病率和死亡率均高的恶性肿瘤之一,早期容易发生转移,而肝脏恰是结直肠癌远处转移的最常见器官.随着肝移植技术的发展与进步,不可切除性结直肠癌肝转移患者获得了长期生存的新机遇.近年来,挪威奥斯陆大学医院在肝移植治疗不可切除性结直肠癌肝转移的领域中取得了一系列巨大突破,引起了世界各地学者的广泛关注.随后,...     

Repeat hepatectomy for recurrent colorectal liver metastases

PURPOSE: Liver resection represents the best and potentially curative treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC) to the liver. After resection, however, most patients develop recurrent disease, often isolated to the liver. The aim of this study was to determine the value of repeat liver resection for recurrent MCC and to analyze the factors that can predict survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1992 to October 2002, 42 patients from a group of 168 patients resected for MCC were submitted to 55 repeat hepatectomies (42 second, 11 third, and 2 fourth hepatectomies). Records were retrospectively reviewed. The primary tumor was carcinoma of the colon in 26 patients and carcinoma of the rectum in 16 patients. Liver metastases were synchronous in 24 patients (57.1%). RESULTS: There were 25 men and 17 women with the mean age of 63.5 years (range: 34-80). There was no intraoperative or postoperative mortality. The morbidity rates were 9.5%, 14.3%, and 18.2% (P = 0.6) respectively after a first, second, or third hepatectomies. No patients needed reoperation. Operative duration was longer after a second or third hepatectomie than after a first hepatectomie without difference for operative bleeding. Overall 5-year survivals were 33%, 21%, and 36% respectively after a first, second, or third hepatectomies. Factors of prognostic value on univariate analysis included serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels (P = 0.01) during the first hepatectomy, the presence of extrahepatic disease (P = 0.05) and tumor size larger than 5 cm (P = 0.04) during the second hepatectomie. CONCLUSIONS: Repeat hepatectomies can provide long-term survival rates similar to those of first hepatectomies.     

Efficacy of follow-up after surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases

Purpose

There is an increasing tendency for an aggressive approach to colorectal liver metastases (CLM), even as second stage procedures after initial hepatic resection. This study assesses the efficacy of intensive follow-up after resection of CLM.

Patients and methods

Hundred and three patients, operated on for CLM, were followed for disease recurrence. Outcome measures were time and imaging modality that revealed recurrence, performed treatment for recurrence, and overall survival.

Results

After hepatic resection, 1- and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 91% and 50%, the disease-free survival rates 63% and 45%. Seventy-four patients developed recurrent disease during follow-up. Resection of recurrence was performed in 25 patients. OS of this group was 51 months. Patients with recurrence treated by chemotherapy had an OS of 34 months. In case of recurrence, 70% was observed within 12 months, 92% within 24 months. CT appeared to be far a very useful surveillance modality, directing surgical treatment in 19 asymptomatic patients.

Discussion

Follow-up of patients after surgical treatment of CLM proves worthwhile, resulting in meaningful re-operations in a quarter of all patients that underwent hepatic resection for CLM.     

Current surgical strategies for the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases

Hepatic metastases are a common complication of colorectal cancer and affect around 50% of all patients with this disease. Surgical resection is the gold standard treatment for metastases and significantly prolongs survival. The optimum results from surgery are obtained in the following circumstances: three or fewer metastases, no extra-hepatic disease, smaller metastases, metastases confined to one lobe and clear surgical margin (>1 cm). In patients who relapse following removal of metastases, repeat resections can give the same degree of survival benefit as the original resection. Resection is only an option for a small proportion of patients, and most patients with hepatic metastases will present with unresectable disease. Strategies for treating initially unresectable disease include neoadjuvant chemotherapy aimed at downsizing the metastases and making them suitable for resection, with specific techniques such as cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation combined with resection, portal embolisation and two-stage hepatectomies.     

Histological liver injury and surgical outcome after FOLFOX followed by a hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases in Japanese patients

Background

This study was performed to clarify the influence of preoperative chemotherapy on liver function and the correlation between histological hepatic injury and the postoperative outcome in patients with colorectal liver metastases who underwent a hepatic resection.

Methods

Twenty-seven patients who underwent a hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases were included. Fifteen patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases who were able to undergo a tumor resection after FOLFOX (oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil and leucovorin, with a mean number of 7.7 cycles) were compared to 12 patients who underwent a hepatectomy with no preoperative chemotherapy. The postoperative mortality, morbidity, changes in liver function tests, and pathology of the resected liver were examined.

Results

Preoperative FOLFOX therapy was significantly associated with the macroscopic appearance of oxaliplatin-associated blue liver (p = 0.02), and a tendency toward sinusoidal dilatation (33.3% in the FOLFOX group versus 8.3% in the no-chemotherapy group, p = 0.056). Preoperative liver function tests showed that the albumin and indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG-R15) test values were significantly worse after FOLFOX therapy; however, intraoperative events, postoperative liver function test values, and morbidity rates were similar in the two groups. There was no postoperative mortality in any of the patients.

Conclusions

Although preoperative FOLFOX administration in patients with colorectal liver metastases caused macroscopic blue liver, microscopic sinusoidal dilatationin the liver parenchyma, and a significant decrease in liver function, there was no increase in the morbidity and mortality rates, in comparison to findings in patients without preoperative chemotherapy.     

Cryotherapy of the resection edge after hepatectomy of colorectal liver metastases

Obtaining a one-centimeter negative margin is an important factor in preventing disease recurrence after surgery for hepatic tumors. Cryotherapy of the resected edge has been used to achieve optimal margin clearance in cases in which the alternative would be an extended high-risk liver resection. As a concrete method, cryotherapy was delivered with a liquid nitrogen based compact system (CRY-AC, Brymill Co., USA). The resection edge with involved or inadequate resection margins was ablated directly by using the flat probe for 3 minutes per 1 place. Between 2002 and present, a total of 14 patients with colorectal liver metastases underwent edge cryotherapy. Although there was no hemorrhage from the stump, postoperative leak of the bile and stump recurrence were recognized in each patient. Since cryotherapy has features that make the vascular difficult to be damaged, the complication was not recognized in the patient with exposed vascular in the resected edge. By extending the follow-up period, we want to examine whether the edge recurrence could be controlled or not.     

Evolution of missing colorectal liver metastases following inductive chemotherapy and hepatectomy

BACKGROUND: A dramatic response to chemotherapy in some patients with multiple bilateral and initially unresectable liver metastases (LM) from colorectal cancer sometimes leads to their disappearance from imaging studies. Our study was aimed at assessing the evolution of these metastases when they were also not found during liver surgery. PATIENTS: Among 104 hepatectomized patients for colorectal LM in 4 years, 15 patients were retrospectively eligible. Eligibility criteria were: initially unresectable LM; a dramatic response to chemotherapy; and the complete disappearance of at least one LM on imaging studies (ultrasonography (US), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance) during more than 3 months. In four patients (27%), the disappeared LM could be found and treated at laparotomy. The main selection criterion for the 11 studied patients of this series was the impossibility of finding and treating the disappeared LM sited in the remaining liver after hepatectomy, resulting in "missing LM." RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 31 months (range: 18-55) for the series, eight patients among the eleven (73%) did not present any recurrence of the missing LM. The median follow-up was 31.3 months for these eight patients. The three recurrences occurred respectively at 5, 5, and 8 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The disappearance of LM after chemotherapy on high-quality imaging studies and after intra-operative liver exploration resulted in their definitive cure in approximately 70% of cases. The current dogma stipulating an obligatory resection of the initially affected part of the liver is no longer acceptable.