中晚期宫颈鳞癌同步放化疗治疗模式探讨

宫颈癌是女性常见恶性肿瘤之一,近年发病率持续上升,发病年龄有所降低.由于防癌健康体检的普遍实施,早期宫颈癌可以及时发现和治疗,但仍有相当一部分患者就诊时已错过手术时机.     

伴中危风险因素ⅠB~ⅡA期宫颈鳞癌辅助化疗与同步放化疗预后的前瞻随机对照研究

目的 比较辅助化疗与同步放化疗对伴中危风险因素ⅠB~ⅡA期宫颈鳞癌患者预后的影响,探讨术后辅助化疗的安全有效性。方法 选取广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院190例患者,随机分为两组：单纯化疗组（CT组95例）和同步放化疗组（CCRT组95例）,失访10例。生存率计算和生存曲线比较采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法和Log rank检验,并采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 中位随访36.7月,主要终点可评估的患者共180例。分别有3.30%（CT组）及10.11%（CCRT组）的患者出现了G3/G4级的血液学不良反应（P=0.019）;4.40%（CT组）及17.98%（CCRT组）的患者出现了严重的胃肠道不良反应（P=0.000）,22.48%发生放疗相关的反应。两组间的局部复发率（P=0.317）及远处复发率（P=0.224）差异无统计学意义。PFS及OS在两组间亦无显著的统计学差异。结论 伴中危风险因素ⅠB~ⅡA期宫颈鳞癌患者术后化疗与同步放化疗的疗效无显著差别,但不良反应较同步放化疗显著减少。     

宫颈鳞癌同步放化疗后未控或1年内复发30例临床分析

  目的   探讨宫颈鳞癌同步放化疗后未控或1年内复发的部位、危险因素及预后。   方法   回顾性分析2006年7月至2011年7月北京协和医院同步放化疗初治后未控或1年内复发的30例宫颈鳞癌患者临床资料,并随机抽取同期收治的35例无复发宫颈鳞癌病例作对照。   结果  30例患者中25例出现远处转移,其中14例发生于同步放化疗结束后6个月内。单因素分析显示放疗前盆腔和（或）腹主动脉旁淋巴结肿大、鳞状细胞癌抗原（SCCAg）>10 ng/mL是宫颈鳞癌同步放化疗后未控或1年内复发的危险因素。多因素分析显示淋巴结肿大及SCCAg>10 ng/mL为独立危险因素。后续治疗以化疗为主,2年生存率为21.7%,中位生存时间为17个月。   结论  宫颈鳞癌同步放化疗后未控或1年内复发以远处转移为主,预后差。放疗前盆腔和（或）腹主动脉旁淋巴结肿大、SCCAg> 10 ng/mL是其独立危险因素。      

进展期头颈鳞癌同步放化疗研究进展

同步放化疗是治疗进展期头颈鳞癌的有效手段,与单纯放疗相比较约提高10%～20%的生存率,尤其是对于不可切除的病例能明显提高生存率.挽救性手术是对同步放化疗的必要补充.     

早期宫颈腺鳞癌和腺癌术后同步放化疗疗效分析

目的 回顾分析早期宫颈腺癌、腺鳞癌术后同步放化疗的疗效。方法 收集2006—2012年Ⅰ_B—Ⅱ_A期宫颈腺鳞癌62例、腺癌149例、鳞癌2687例,部分术后盆腔±腹主动脉延伸野±后装放疗,行DDP、TP和FP化疗。一般临床资料χ²检验,Kaplan-Meier法生存分析并Logrank检验。结果 腺癌和腺鳞癌的临床病理特征相近(肿瘤大小、间质浸润、淋巴结转移、宫体受侵、病理分级、病变类型的P=0.639、0.107、0.522、0.956、0.204、0.182),高危腺癌即使辅助放(化)疗复发率仍高于低危患者(P=0.000)。手术+放疗中位生存期似乎腺鳞癌<腺癌<鳞癌(腺鳞癌比腺癌P=0.787;腺癌比鳞癌P=0.134;腺鳞癌比鳞癌P=0.582);手术+同步放化疗中位生存期似乎腺癌<腺鳞癌<鳞癌,腺癌与鳞癌间不同(腺癌比腺鳞癌P=0.131;腺鳞癌比鳞癌P=0.643;腺癌比鳞癌P=0.000)。腺鳞癌、腺癌术后同步放化疗比术后放疗的近期不良反应率均更高(P=0.037、0.003),远期不良反应相近(P=0.861、0.655)。腺鳞癌术后同步放化疗较术后放疗远处转移率低(P=0.003),中位OS、DFS期似乎延长了17个月(P=0.811、0.799);腺癌似乎分别减少了11个月和9个月(P=0.330、0.115)。结论 早期高危宫颈腺鳞癌术后同步放化疗较放疗可减少远处转移率,腺鳞癌和腺癌术后同步放化疗较放疗并不改善生存期。     

紫杉醇脂质体联合奈达铂同步放化疗治疗中晚期宫颈鳞癌

[目的]探讨紫杉醇脂质体联合奈达铂同步放化疗治疗中晚期宫颈鳞癌患者的疗效及不良反应。[方法]对26例病理确诊的Ⅱb～Ⅳa期宫颈鳞癌患者采用盆腔外照射+高剂量率腔内后装放疗及同期化疗,化疗方案为:紫杉醇脂质体40mg/m2+奈达铂20mg/m2,每周1次,共6次。观察近期疗效、1、2、3年生存率及化疗、放疗不良反应。[结果]完全缓解(CR)20例(76.9%),部分缓解(PR)5例(19.2%),稳定(SD)1例(3.8%),进展(PD)0例,有效率(RR)为96.2%(25/26)。1、2、3年生存率分别为96.2%、88.5%、84.6%。不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、脱发及胃肠道反应,但均能耐受;放疗远期并发症发生率低且较轻。[结论]紫杉醇脂质体联合奈达铂同步放化疗治疗中晚期宫颈鳞癌的疗效好,不良反应可耐受,患者依从性高。     

ⅡB-ⅢB期宫颈鳞癌同步放化疗与新辅助化疗后同步放化疗疗效比较

目的 比较ⅡB-ⅢB期宫颈鳞癌单纯同步放化疗与新辅助化疗后同步放化疗的远期疗效。方法 收集2005-2011年云南省肿瘤医院收治的随访资料完整的171例ⅡB-ⅢB期宫颈鳞癌患者进行回顾分析,单纯同步放化疗113例(同步组),新辅助化疗后同步放化疗(新辅助组)58例。Kaplan-Meier法计算OS并Logrank检验和单因素分析,Cox模型多因素分析。结果 中位随访时间66个月,同步组与新辅助组3、5年OS率分别为81.4%、75.9%与74.3%、67.2%(P=0.469);亚组分析显示无论有无淋巴结转移生存率均相近(P=0.310、0.151)。单因素及多因素分析均显示肿块长径、淋巴结转移、同步化疗方式是宫颈癌预后影响因素(P=0.003、0.024、0.037及P=0.001、0.048、0.022)。有淋巴结转移患者盆腔局部复发率较高(P=0.047),而死亡率、远处转移、远期不良反应相近(P=0.215、0.245);无淋巴结转移者3-4级骨髓抑制更多(P=0.016),而死亡率、局部复发、远处转移、远期不良反应均相近(P=0.328、0.114、0.330)。结论 ⅡB-ⅢB期宫颈鳞癌患者无论有无淋巴结转移,同步组与新辅助组疗效相当;肿块长径、淋巴结转移、同步化疗方式是预后影响因素;新辅助化疗增加同步放化疗期间3-4级骨髓抑制发生风险,导致放疗时间延长,局部复发发生风险增加。     

进展期头颈鳞癌同步放化疗研究进展

同步放化疗是治疗进展期头颈鳞癌的有效手段，与单纯放疗相比较约提高10％～20％的生存率，尤其是对于不可切除的病例能明显提高生存率。挽救性手术是对同步放化疗的必要补充。     

中晚期宫颈鳞癌患者放化疗后复发未控的现状及影响因素研究

目的 探讨中晚期宫颈鳞癌患者放化疗后复发未控的危险因素,为提高患者生存率提供依据.方法收集132例中晚期宫颈鳞癌患者的临床资料,对放化疗后复发未控的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果132例患者中,31例(23.48%)出现了复发未控.研究发现,有淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径≥4 cm、分化程度低、放疗时间﹥8周、化疗疗程﹤3个疗程、放疗剂量﹥85 Gy、治疗前血红蛋白水平﹤60 g/L是肿瘤复发的危险因素.结论对于中晚期宫颈鳞癌患者,需根据患者体征选择合适的治疗方案,对于低分化、肿瘤直径大、出现淋巴结转移以及治疗前血红蛋白含量低的患者需加强注意.     

Prognostic factors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy

Background

Definitive evaluation of surgical specimens obtained after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is important for assessing additional treatment or prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we examined the histological prognostic factors for ESCC patients treated with CRT and determined an appropriate strategy for their evaluation.

Patients and methods

The present study involved 38 consecutive ESCC patients who underwent CRT followed by curative operation. CRT consisted of 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin and 40 Gy of radiation. We examined histological variables as follows: CRT effect on primary tumor (T-effect: T-effective/T-ineffective), tumor depth (pT), lymph node metastases (pN: pN0/N1), number of lymph node metastases (number-pN), lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the independent prognostic factors. Survivals and mode of recurrence were then evaluated according to the independent prognostic factors.

Results

In the univariate analyses, T-effect, pN, number-pN, lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion were found to be prognostic factors with p < 0.01, and pT was a factor with p < 0.05. In the multivariate analysis, pN and T-effect were independent prognostic factors. The five-year survival rate of pN0 patients was more than 75%, even though the T-effect was poor. The 5-year survival rate of patients judged as pN1/T-effective was 50%, whereas all of the pN1/T-ineffective patients died within 2 years with relapse disease.

Conclusion

The evaluation method using both pN status and T-effect is useful for assessing prognosis of ESCC patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT.     

Prognostic value of baseline lymphocyte count in cervical carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiation

PURPOSE: This study examined factors predicting tumor response and progression-free survival in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Medical records of 143 patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IB2 to IVA) treated with CCRT were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to retrospectively evaluate prognostic factors, including baseline lymphocyte count, that affect tumor response and progression-free survival. RESULTS: Of the variables evaluated, greater baseline lymphocyte count was the factor most predictive of a complete clinical response, followed by smaller tumor size (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed baseline lymphocyte count, which was treated as a continuous variable with every 1 x 10(9) lymphocytes/L, to remain a prognostic factor with an odds ratio of 3.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.31-7.23). In addition, a statistically significant association (p = 0.023) was found between baseline lymphocyte count and progression-free survival, with a hazard ratio of 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.89) in the Cox proportional hazards model. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small number of patients and possible biologic variation existing in lymphocyte subset number and activity, these findings highlight the strong prognostic value of baseline lymphocyte count in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma treated with CCRT. Therefore, a larger number of patients and analysis of lymphocyte subsets are needed.     

ERCC1 expression as a predictive marker of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiation

The excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) enzyme plays a rate-limiting role in the nucleotide excision repair pathway and is associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of ERCC1 expression as a predictive marker of survival in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) treated with cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). ERCC1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The median age of the 45 patients analysed was 56 years (range 27-75 years), and 82% were men; 73% of all specimens showed high expression of ERCC1. The overall tumour response rate after CCRT was 89%. The median follow-up was 53.6 months (95% CI, 34.5-72.7 months). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 58.7 and 61.3%, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that patients with low expression of ERCC1 had a significantly higher 3-year PFS (83.3 vs 49.4%, P=0.036) and OS (91.7 vs 45.5%, P=0.013) rates. Multivariate analysis showed that low expression of ERCC1 was an independent predictor for prolonged survival (HR, 0.120; 95% CI, 0.016-0.934, P=0.043). These results suggest that ERCC1 expression might be a useful predictive marker of locally advanced SCCHN in patients treated with cisplatin-based CCRT.     

Preoperative serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels in clinical decision making for patients with early-stage cervical cancer.

PURPOSE: To prevent morbidity associated with double modality treatment, early-stage cervical cancer patients should only be offered surgery when there is a low likelihood for adjuvant radiotherapy. We analyzed whether serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-ag) analysis allows better preoperative identification of patients with a low likelihood for adjuvant radiotherapy than currently used clinical parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a cohort study, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, tumor size, and preoperative serum SCC-ag levels, as determined by enzyme immunoassay, were related to the frequency of postoperative indications for adjuvant radiotherapy in 337 surgically treated, FIGO stage IB/IIA, squamous cell cervical cancer patients. RESULTS: In patients with normal preoperative SCC-ag, 16% of IB1 and 29% of IB2/IIA had postoperative indications for adjuvant radiotherapy, in contrast to 57% of IB1 and 74% of IB2/IIA patients with elevated (> 1.9 ng/mL) serum SCC-ag (P < .001). Serum SCC-ag was the only independent predictor for a postoperative indication for radiotherapy (odds ratio, 7.1; P < .001). Furthermore, in IB1 patients that did not have indications for adjuvant radiotherapy, 15% of patients with elevated preoperative serum SCC-ag levels recurred within 2 years, compared with 1.6% of patients with normal serum SCC-ag levels (P = .02). CONCLUSION: In early-stage cervical cancer, determination of serum SCC-ag levels allows more refined preoperative estimation of the likelihood for adjuvant radiotherapy than current clinical parameters, and simultaneously identifies patients at high risk for recurrence when treated with surgery only. The role of preoperative serum SCC-ag in the management of patients with early-stage cervical cancer deserves further investigation.     

Impact of EGFR and p53 expressions on survival and quality of life in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with chemoradiation

EGFR and p53 are molecular markers which play important role in tumor progression and development. The objective of this study was to assess the association between EGFR and p53 expression and survival, and to determine whether EGFR and p53 expression levels were associated with differences quality of life in OSCC patients undergoing chemoradiation. A total of 120 OSCC patients aged 20–67 y and stage III/IV were recruited. Treatment response was assessed according to W.H.O. (1979). EGFR and p53 expression in tumor tissue was estimated by immunohistochemical (IHC) method and quantified as percentage positive nuclei. Molecular marker expressions of both EGFR and p53 were found significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001) associated with overall response, survivals and quality of life. Neither EGFR nor p53 expression was associated with hematologic or non-hematologic toxicity. EGFR and p53 molecular marker expressions may have significant association with survival and QOL in OSCC patients undergoing chemoradiation.     

Feasibility and effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation therapy in Japanese patients with high-risk early-stage cancer of the uterine cervix

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of postoperative concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) in patients with high-risk early-stage cervical cancer who were treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. METHODS: From July 2001 to September 2005, CCRT was performed in 37 patients who had undergone radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection at Nagoya University Hospital. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin (70 mg/m(2) on day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 700 mg/m(2) per day on days 1-4) every 4 weeks for a total of three cycles. Pelvic radiotherapy was started concurrently with the first cycle of chemotherapy. The radiation dose was 45 Gy in 25 fractions. A nonrandomized control group of 52 patients who had undergone radiation therapy alone after radical hysterectomy between 1991 and 2000 served for historical comparison. RESULTS: In the CCRT group, the incidences of grade 3/4 toxicities were 24.3% for neutropenia, 8.1% for nausea and vomiting, and 18.9% for diarrhea. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates in the CCRT group and control group were 89.2% and 69.2%, respectively (P = 0.0392). CONCLUSION: This study showed that adjuvant CCRT with cisplatin and 5-FU could be safely performed and improved the prognosis in Japanese patients with high-risk early-stage cervical cancer after radical hysterectomy.     

Clinical value of routine serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen in follow-up of patients with early-stage cervical cancer.

PURPOSE: To investigate the contribution to recurrence detection and survival of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-ag) analysis in the follow-up of early-stage cervical cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Follow-up data were evaluated in patients with early-stage squamous cell cervical cancer treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without radiotherapy. Routine serum SCC-ag determination was performed at each follow-up visit. RESULTS: Recurrent disease occurred in 35 (16%) of 225 patients and was preceded or accompanied by serum SCC-ag elevation 26 times (sensitivity, 74%). In five (14%) of these 35 patients, elevated serum SCC-ag was the first measured clinical indicator. Desite salvage therapy, all five patients died of disease. In the other 31 patients (21 with serum SCC-ag elevation), either symptoms and/or positive signs led to recurrence detection. Median survival time after recurrence was worse (9 months; range, 2 to 112+) for patients with an elevated serum SCC-ag value at recurrence in comparison with patients with normal serum SCC-ag values (20 months; range, 4 to 96; P <.01). In 23 of the 190 patients without recurrences, serum SCC-ag values became falsely elevated. In 16 of these 23 patients, the repeat sample after 6 weeks showed a normal SCC-ag, and in seven patients benign (especially skin) disorders were found. CONCLUSION: Serum SCC-ag analysis results in earlier recurrence detection in a small proportion (14%) of patients but did not contribute to better survival. As long as treatment possibilities for recurrent cervical cancer patients are not improved, serum SCC-ag analysis should not be carried out in routine follow-up.