低位直肠癌术前短程放化疗疗效评价

目的探讨低位直肠癌术前短程放化疗的治疗价值。方法对22例低位直肠癌患者进行术前放化疗。放疗总剂量为20～30Gy，每周5次，每次2Gy。全身化疗基本方案为四氢叶酸200mg／次，5-Fu400mg／m^2，DDP20mg／m^2d1-5.放疗第l周开始。其中1例于第5周完成第2疗程化疗。新辅助治疗完成后2～4周进行手术。结果全组患者仅1例出现Ⅲ度造血系统毒性反应，未发生Ⅲ～Ⅳ度胃肠道反应。全组患者均采取手术治疗，无围手术期死亡，无远期并发症。放化疗后肿瘤平均直径由45．3mm缩小至36．1mm，淋巴结阳性率由45．5％降至31．8％，有1例获得病理完全缓解。结论低位直肠癌的术前放化疗安全可靠，可以缩小原发肿瘤，减少淋巴结转移，并能取得一定的肿瘤病理完全缓解率。术前放疗总剂量和手术间隔时间是影响疗效的重要因素。     

新辅助放化疗对中低位直肠癌患者排便状况的影响

目的：探讨新辅助化疗对中低位直肠癌患者排便状况的影响。方法将单纯进行手术治疗的患者纳入对照组,新辅助放化疗结合手术治疗的患者纳入研究组。比较两种治疗方法对患者术后排便功能的影响。结果新辅助放疗组患者治疗前后肿瘤距齿状线距离存在显著差异,P＜0．05;两组患者治疗后排便异常存在显著差异,P＜0．05;年龄,行辅助放化疗和直肠癌根治术后吻合口距肛缘的距离是大便失禁发生率的影响因素,P＜0．05。结论新辅助放化疗对中低位直肠癌患者,能达到提高肿瘤切除率和提高保肛成功率的目的,虽然对术后患者排便功能有一定的影响,但是也不失为一种有效的治疗方法。     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗

根治性手术结合术后放、化疗一度被作为国际公认的Ⅱ及Ⅲ期直肠癌的标准疗法。近年,新辅助放化疗逐渐得到广泛的关注。大量研究表明,与术后放化疗相比,新辅助放化疗结合根治性手术的多模式联合治疗在降低直肠癌的局部复发率、延长生存时间等方面均显示出更好的效果,特别是在提高保肛率方面具有突出的优势。目前认为,新辅助放化疗适用于局部进展期(T3~4)或有系膜内淋巴结转移的低位直肠癌患者(Ⅱ~Ⅲ期)。随着先进的诊断技术、更优化的放疗模式,以及更多有效的药物及新配伍方案的引入,对直肠癌患者采取个体化的术前新辅助治疗,将使直肠癌的治疗效果得到进一步提高。     

低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的远期疗效及安全性研究

目的评估术前口服卡培他滨（希罗达）与放疗联合治疗局部进展期低位直肠癌的远期疗效及安全性。方法对局部进展期（T3／T4）低位直肠腺癌（距肛缘≤9Ccm）患者51例,术前给予口服卡培他滨（希罗达）并联合放疗。放疗结束后休息3—4周,按TME原则进行手术。结果3例患者临床完全消退（cCR）,占5．88％,未行手术;其余48例患者均行根治性切除术（R0）,实际保肛率90．20％（46／51）,10例术后病理检查未见肿瘤细胞,为病理消退（pCR）,总消退率为25．49％（13／51）。肿瘤降期41例,占80．39％。5年无病生存率为70．59％,总生存率为80．39％。放化疗过程中出现3、4级不良反应5例,无疾病进展、手术死亡者。结论术前口服卡培他滨联合放疗治疗局部进展期低位直肠癌是有效安全的。     

直肠腔内彩色多普勒超声对低位局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗后浸润分期的评估及其影响因素

目的：评价直肠腔内彩色多普勒超声（ERUS）对低位局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗后浸润分期的评估价值及其准确性的影响因素。方法：收集2014年2月至2016年2月我院确诊的Ⅱ、Ⅲ期低位直肠癌患者38例,局部 T3/ T4期,均进行新辅助放化疗。ERUS 评价放疗前后局部病灶改变情况,与病理 T 分期比较,评价 ERUS 新辅助治疗后再分期的准确性,进行准确性影响因素的单因素分析。结果：与新辅助放化疗前比较 ERUS 显示治疗后病灶内部血流分布明显减少（P <0.05）,病灶纵轴最大长度及最大厚度降低（t =2.093, P <0.05;t =6.498,P <0.01）,uT 分期新辅助放化疗后降低（P <0.05）。与术后病理比较,ERUS 在 T1分期准确率为11.11%,T2分期准确率为28.57%,T3分期准确率为27.27%,T4分期准确率为100%。单因素分析显示,复查 ERUS 时间、术后 T 分期及 Wheeler 直肠癌消退分级是 ERUS 对低位直肠癌再分期准确性的影响因素（P =0.043;P =0.004;P =0.017）。结论：ERUS 对 T4再分期准确性较高,在辅助放化疗结束6周后复查ERUS 及消退较差的肿瘤中准确性较高,对低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗后疗效评估有应用价值。     

中低位进展期直肠癌患者全直肠系膜切除术前应用同步新辅助放化疗效果分析

目的：分析中低位进展期直肠癌患者全直肠系膜切除术前同步新辅助放化疗应用疗效。方法选取45例中低位进展期直肠癌患者为研究对象,将其随机分为联合组（23例）与对照组（22例）,对照组患者行单纯全直肠系膜切除术,联合组患者在行全直肠系膜切除术前同步新辅助放化疗,比较联合组新辅助放化疗前后肿瘤分期（TNM）情况,两组患者治疗前后肿瘤标志物水平变化情况及术后3个月保肛率、复发率、转移率、术后并发症发生情况。结果新辅助治疗后联合组TNM分期较治疗前降低,差异具有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;治疗前两组患者癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖链抗原19-9（CA19-9）、糖链抗原242（CA242）水平差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）,治疗后均降低（P﹤0.05）,且联合组低于对照组（P﹤0.05）;两组患者术后3个月转移率及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）,联合组保肛率高于对照组,复发率低于对照组（P﹤0.05）。结论采用全直肠系膜切除术前同步新辅助放化疗,可以有效提高中低位进展期直肠癌患者保肛率,降低复发率,改善肿瘤TNM分期,降低CEA、CA19-9、CA242水平,具有良好的应用前景。     

不同方法治疗 T3、T4期低位直肠癌的疗效对比

目的：探讨T3、T4期低位直肠癌患者进行全直肠系膜切除（ TME）与新辅助放化疗的临床效果观察。方法将96例T3、T4期低位直肠癌患者根据随机数字表法分为研究组、对照组,每组48例。研究组术前进行新辅助放化疗,后予以全直肠系膜切除疗法;对照组先予以全直肠系膜切除,后进行辅助放化疗。比较2组的临床效果及不良反应发生情况。随访12个月,比较2组的生存情况、复发情况、保肛率、根治率、转移率等临床指标。结果研究组的临床有效率为81．2％,显著高于对照组的56．2％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。研究组的生存情况、复发情况、保肛率、根治率、转移率等临床指标均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。研究组的不良反应发生率12．5％,显著低于对照组的31．1％,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论 T3、T4期低位直肠癌进行术前新辅助放化疗,后予以全直肠系膜手术疗法,可提升患者的生存情况,降低肿瘤的转移及复发,临床效果确切,值得临床推广。     

新辅助放化疗后低位直肠癌术后吻合口漏危险因素分析

目的:探讨接受新辅助放化疗的患者行腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术(low anterior resection,LAR)术后发生吻合口漏的危险因素.方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究方法.收集2010年01月至2019年12月南通大学附属东台医院、苏州大学附属第一医院收治的146例cT3-4期和(或)N1-2期低位直肠癌患者临床资...     

中低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗的获益研究(附60例)

目的:探讨新辅助放化疗对中低位局部晚期直肠癌的保肛率、肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、无病生存期(DFS)与总生存期(OS)的影响。方法:总结2013年1月至2018年4月在我院住院的中低位局部晚期直肠癌患者60例,随机分为治疗组(新辅助放化疗后再手术)与对照组(手术后再辅助放化疗)各30例,对肿瘤下缘至肛门的距离<4 cm、4~6 cm、>6 cm进行分层,每个层别分别为10、30、20例,比较两组的保肛率、肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、DFS与OS。结果:肿瘤下缘距离肛门4~6 cm的患者治疗组的保肛率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肿瘤下缘至肛门的距离<4 cm、>6 cm的患者治疗组与对照组的保肛率无统计学差异,治疗组与对照组的肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、DFS、OS与毒副反应比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:新辅助放化疗可能会给肿瘤下缘至肛门距离4~6 cm的局部晚期直肠癌患者带来保肛率上的获益,进而提高患者的生存质量,扩大病例数将进一步证实其可行性。     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗研究进展

近年来,随着生活水平提高,饮食习惯改变等原因,我国直肠癌的发病率呈上升趋势。外科手术切除是直肠癌的最主要治疗手段,早期直肠癌通过单纯手术即可治愈。但多数直肠癌患者就诊时即为局部晚期,术后局部复发率高,治疗困难。新辅助     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗临床效果的评估

直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤,直肠癌发病率近年有上升趋势。全直肠系膜切除术（total mesorectal excision ,TME ）是直肠癌的最主要治疗手段,但局部进展期直肠癌患者术后局部复发率高、保肛率低,新辅助放化疗成为局部晚期直肠癌的优选治疗手段。直肠癌新辅助治疗后的临床效果是临床医生关注的焦点。直肠癌新辅助治疗效果的预测及评估关系到后续治疗方案的选择,影响患者的生存期及生活质量。     

Stage cT3 low rectal cancer: analysis of prognostic factors

BackgroundWhether all cT3 low rectal cancer patients should receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) remains controversial. The depth of invasion beyond the muscularis propria of the cT3 rectal cancer is of great significance to the selection of a treatment plan and the evaluation of prognosis.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 187 patients with stage cT3 low rectal cancer, who had been treated at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from June 2010 to December 2012. The patients were divided into the nCRT group (88 cases) and no-nCRT group (99 cases). Possible significant prognostic factors [i.e., primary tumor volume (PTV), cell differentiation, circumferential resection margin (CRM), nCRT, age, sex, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lymph node status, surgical procedure, etc.] were collected for estimation of disease-free survival (DFS), distant metastases rate (DM), local recurrence rate (LR). Independent predictive factors or survival were determined using Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThe mean PTV was 16.2±11.1 (2.07–72.68) cm³. In the univariate and multivariate analyses: nCRT hazards ratio (HR) =4.258, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.912–9.483 (P<0.001); PTV HR =0.381, 95% CI: 0.181–0.804 (P=0.011); CRM HR =0.227, 95% CI: 0.097–0.532 (P=0.001). For the PTV ≤15 cm³ group, there were no significant differences between the nCRT and no-nCRT group in 3-year follow-up (P>0.05). For the PTV >15 cm³ group, there were significant differences between the nCRT and no-nCRT group in 3-year DFS (84.2% vs. 51.1%; P=0.001), DM (13.1% vs. 31.2%; P=0.017) and LR (2.9% vs. 26.6%; P=0.009). For the CRM negative group, there were significant differences between the nCRT and no-nCRT group in 3-year DFS (94.0% vs. 79.0%; P=0.008), LR (1.5% vs. 10.7%; P=0.028) and DM (4.5% vs. 13.5%; P=0.039).ConclusionsFor stage cT3 low rectal cancer patients, nCRT, PTV, and CRM were independent prognostic factors. NCRT may improve the survival of PTV >15 cm³ patients, but may not have a significant effect on patient with PTV ≤15 cm³ and CRM negative. Direct surgery is recommended for this group of patients.     

Intensified concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy intensified with irinotecan in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Eligible patients had nonmetastatic disease at a locally advanced stage that made R0 resection and sphincter preservation uncertain. They received preoperative radiation over 6 weeks to 45 Gy and boost of 5.4 Gy and concurrent continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil 250 mg m(-2) day(-1) and weekly irinotecan 40 mg m(-2). In all, 37 patients entered the study. T stage at baseline as determined by ultrasound was T2/T3/T4 in 2/19/16 patients; 31 patients had lymph node involvement. The predominant toxicity was diarrhoea (grade 3/4 in 10/2 patients). Haematologic toxicity and surgical complications were moderate. Among 36 patients undergoing surgery, 32 (89%) had R0 resection and 23 (64%) sphincter preservation. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved in eight (22%) of 36 patients, and 10 patients (28%) had only microscopic residual disease. At 4 years, overall survival was 66%, disease-free survival 73%, local relapse rate 7%, and distant failure rate 24%. Extent of resection and postoperative nodal status were significant predictors of overall and disease-free survival. Intensified neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with irinotecan can be safely administered and results in a high pCR rate.     

Stepwise neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the management of mid-low locally advanced rectal cancer

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the treatment response, complications and prognosis in mid-low locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients who underwent stepwise neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (SCRT) or traditional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).MethodsThe medical records of patients with mid-low rectal cancer who underwent SCRT or CRT were retrospectively analyzed. Differences in the treatment response, pathologic complete response (pCR), R0 resection, local recurrence, anastomotic leakage, presacral infection, anal preservation, defunctioning stoma, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between patients who underwent SCRT and CRT were compared.ResultsA total of 430 medical records were investigated, including 194 patients in the SCRT group and 236 patients in the CRT group. There was no significant difference in the rates of treatment response, pCR, R0 resection, local recurrence, anastomotic leakage, presacral infection, anal preservation or TEAEs between the two groups. However, the rate of defunctioning stoma in the SCRT group was significantly lower than that in the CRT group (20.1% vs. 44.1%, respectively, P < 0.01). Moreover, the median OS time of the SCRT and CRT groups was 44.0 and 50.5 months, respectively (P = 0.17). The median DFS time of the SCRT and CRT groups was 41.0 and 46.8 months, respectively (P = 0.32).ConclusionCompared with the CRT group, the SCRT group had a similar treatment response, local control and long-term prognosis, and more importantly, a portion of the patients in the SCRT group were exempted from excessive radiation.     

Gut microbiota-mediated nucleotide synthesis attenuates the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer

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直肠癌新辅助放化疗前后LGR5基因表达的变化及其与疗效的关系

目的：探讨肿瘤干细胞标记基因LGR5在局部晚期直肠癌新辅助放化疗（放疗同时口服卡培他滨）前后表达的变化,及其对新辅助放化疗效果预测的作用。方法：收集2014年1月-2016年2月在新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院接受新辅助放化疗并手术治疗的94例局部晚期直肠癌患者临床资料,对其新辅助放化疗前肠镜活检组织及新辅助放化疗后手术切除组织标本采用荧光定量PCR（qPCR）法检测LGR5 mRNA的表达,分析其在新辅助放化疗前后表达水平的变化及其与疗效的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log-rank法进行单因素预后分析和Cox回归进行多因素预后分析。结果：直肠癌患者接受新辅助放化疗后肿瘤病理退缩反应良好,肿瘤退缩有效率达87.2%,其中病理完全缓解率为18.1%。直肠癌癌组织中LGR5 mRNA的相对表达水平从新辅助放化疗前的14.396±9.924减少到手术后的8.847±6.664,总体表达水平显著下降（P < 0.05）。放化疗后LGR5 mRNA表达上调者27例,表达下调者67例,表达下调组肿瘤病理退缩程度（TRG）和1、2年生存率均明显优于表达上调组（P < 0.05）。单因素生存分析结果显示放化疗前血清CA19-9水平、临床分期、TRG分级和LGR5 mRNA表达差异为直肠癌预后的影响因素（P均 < 0.05）;多因素分析表明放化疗前CA19-9水平和放化疗前后LGR5 mRNA表达差异是直肠癌预后的影响因素（P分别为0.013和0.015）。结论：新辅助放化疗可以诱导LGR5 mRNA表达的改变,检测其表达对于判断直肠癌预后及指导治疗具有参考价值,新辅助放化疗前后LGR5 mRNA表达变化和放化疗前CA19-9水平有可能成为预测局部晚期直肠癌新辅助放化疗效果的参考指标。     

血清LINC00626在老年直肠癌患者新辅助放化疗疗效预测中的作用研究

目的探讨血清长基因间非蛋白编码RNA 626(LINC00626)在老年直肠癌患者新辅助放化疗疗效和预后预测中的作用。方法选取6例老年(≥75岁)局部进展期直肠癌患者,分析对新辅助放化疗反应良好与反应不良患者的血清lncRNA表达谱,筛选差异表达lncRNA,选出第1位的基因LINC00626。进一步选取86例老年直肠癌患者,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测患者的血清LINC00626水平,并分为LINC00626高表达组(LINC00626相对表达量≥5.1)18例与LINC00626低表达组(LINC00626相对表达量<5.1)68例。比较两组患者的3年总生存率,并分析LINC00626表达水平与老年直肠癌患者性别、临床分期、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平、肿瘤下缘与肛缘的距离、疗效的关系,分析LINC00626靶基因所在的信号通路。结果 LINC00626高表达组患者的3年总生存率为72.2%,明显高于LINC00626低表达组患者的30.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。LINC00626表达水平与老年直肠癌患者性别、临床分期、CEA水平、肿瘤下缘与肛缘的距离无关。LINC00626高表达组患者的CR率高于LINC00626低表达组患者(P<0.05)。LINC00626靶基因主要富集于转录靶点△Np63亚型和Notch等信号通路。结论血清LINC00626可以作为老年局部进展期直肠癌患者新辅助放化疗疗效预测的潜在、无创的肿瘤标志物,与老年肿瘤局部进展期直肠癌患者的远期预后有关。     

Wait-and-see or radical surgery for rectal cancer patients with a clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a cohort study

A wait-and-see policy might be considered instead of surgery for rectal cancer patients with no residual tumor or involved lymph nodes on imaging or endoscopy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (clinical complete response, cCR). In this cohort study, we compared the oncologic outcomes of rectal cancer patients with a cCR who were managed according to a wait-and-see policy (observation group) or with surgery (surgery group). In the observation group, follow-up was performed every 3 months for the first year and consisted of MRI, endoscopy with biopsy, computed tomography and transrectal ultrasonography. In the surgery group, patients received radical surgery. Long-term oncologic outcomes were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Thirty patients were enrolled in the observation group (median follow-up, 60 months; range, 18-100 months), and 92 patients were enrolled in the surgery group (median follow-up, 58 months; range, 18-109 months). The 5-year disease free survival and overall survival rates were similar in the two groups: 90.0% vs. 94.3% (P = 0.932) and 100.0% vs. 95.6% (P = 0.912), respectively. We conclude that for rectal cancer patients with a cCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, a wait-and-see policy with strict selection criteria, follow-up and salvage treatments achieves outcomes at least as good as radical surgery. Additionally, we declare that the pCR (pathologic complete regression) and non-pCR subgroups of patients with a cCR have similar long-term failure (local recurrence and/or distant metastasis) rate.