男性饮酒及体质指数与良性前列腺增生关系

目的 探讨饮酒、体质指数与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系。方法 采用病例对照研究方法。病例为2004~2006年临床诊断为良性前列腺增生、施行手术治疗、术后病理证实为BPH的患者,年龄为56~88岁。对照为同期住院的非前列腺增生患者,年龄与病例相同。以1:1匹配。病例与对照各334例,采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行调查。内容包括一般情况、身体测量、生活方式(吸烟、饮食、饮酒情况等)、既往史以及前列腺疾病的家族史等。采用Logistic回归模型计算OR值和95%CI。结果 病例组脑力劳动者所占的比例高于对照组,但其所从事的职业性活动却低于对照组,二者差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.446,P<0.05)。与不饮酒者比较,每天酒精摄入量为31~45 g者其OR=0.652,95%CI=0.484~0.878;洒精摄入量为46~60 g/d者其OR=0.533,95%CI=0.307~0.924。但重度饮酒者这种相关性减弱,酒精摄入量>60 g/d者与不饮酒者比,OR值增大,OR=0.623,95%CI=0.438~0.886。结论 酒精摄入量与BPH危险性间呈U型关系,而饮酒的年限、体重指数与BPH发病无关系。适量饮酒(酒精摄入量≤60 g/d)可能是BPH发病的保护因素。     

中国食管癌发病状况与趋势分析

目的 了解水果摄入联合吸烟、饮酒与食管癌发病的关系,为食管癌的预防控制提供参考依据。 方法 采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究方法,对2010年1月 — 2016年12月在福建省肿瘤医院和福建医科大学附属漳州市医院经病理组织确诊的1 181例原发性食管癌新发病例作为病例组及按病例组同性别、年龄（± 5岁）频数匹配的同期在福建医科大学附属第一医院和福建医科大学附属漳州市医院骨科就诊的1 196例非肿瘤患者作为对照组进行问卷调查。 结果 在调整了性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、人均月收入等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,水果摄入较多是食管癌发病的保护因素,水果摄入频率与食管癌发病风险存在剂量 – 反应关系（χ²_趋势 = 193.60,P < 0.001）;无论是否吸烟和饮酒,随着水果摄入频率的增加,食管癌的发病风险均呈下降趋势（均P < 0.001）;水果摄入、吸烟和饮酒存在相乘交互作用（P_交互 = 0.040）,当吸烟和饮酒不存在时,水果摄入会降低食管癌的发病风险,水果摄入1～3次/周者和 ≥ 4次/周者食管癌的发病风险分别为水果摄入 < 1次/周者的0.37倍（OR = 0.37,95 % CI = 0.26～0.52）和0.16倍（OR = 0.16,95 % CI = 0.08～0.30）;当水果摄入、吸烟和饮酒同时存在时,水果摄入 < 1次/周、1～3次/周且吸烟和饮酒者食管癌的发病风险分别为水果摄入 < 1次/周且不吸烟和不饮酒者的6.28倍（OR = 6.28,95 % CI = 4.13～9.55）、1.68倍（OR = 1.68,95 % CI = 1.09～2.58）,≥ 4次/周且吸烟和饮酒者与水果摄入 < 1次/周且不吸烟和不饮酒者食管癌的发病风险差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论 水果摄入是食管癌发病的保护因素,其与吸烟和饮酒存在相乘交互作用,当三者同时存在时,水果摄入可降低吸烟和饮酒对食管癌发病的影响。     

泸州市成年居民饮酒与慢性病患病关系

目的 了解四川省泸州市成年居民饮酒与慢性病患病率的关系.方法 利用2009年泸州市健康城市建设项目的调查资料,对泸州市11425名成年居民的饮酒和慢性病现状进行分析,并采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析是否饮酒与慢性病患病率的关系.结果 泸州市成年居民慢性病患病率为24.4%,女性(26.2%)高于男性(22.1%),饮酒率为13.2%,且男性(28.2%)明显高于女性(1.3%);1505名饮酒者中,每次酒精量<40g者占50.9%,40～100g者占40.5%,≥100g者占6.1%;饮酒频率越高(χ²趋势=8.305,P=0.004),饮酒年限越长(χ²趋势=101.345,P<0.001),饮用的总酒精量越多(χ²趋势=17.651,P<0.001),慢性病患病率越高;多因素分析显示,是否饮酒与慢性病患病率之间呈负相关( β=-0.424),饮酒者患慢性病的危险低于不饮酒者,OR值为0.654(95%CI=0.559～0.766).结论 泸州市大部分饮酒者为长期、经常饮酒,应加强高饮酒率人群的健康教育,控制过量饮酒,以降低与饮酒有关的慢性病患病率.     

深圳居民饮酒行为现况调查

目的了解广东省深圳市居民饮酒行为现况,为相关部门开展健康教育和行为干预提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法抽取深圳市3个区647名居民进行调查。结果本次调查显示深圳市居民的现在饮酒率为15.46%(100人),男性现在饮酒率为25.96%(74人),高于女性的7.18%(26人);45～59岁组饮酒率最高为24.44%(33人);现在饮酒者中<18岁开始饮酒者每天或几乎每天饮酒;饮酒主要类型依次为啤酒(37.00%)、白酒(24.00%)、其他酒类(21.00%)和果酒(18.00%);酒类消费中平均每天酒精消费量为18.84 g,其中男性为22.49 g,女性为8.17 g。酒类消费者中过量饮酒比例为22.00%(22人),其中男性为24.32%(18人),女性为15.38%(4人)。结论深圳市居民总体饮酒率不高,但是饮酒行为有年轻化趋势,并且在某些人群中饮酒率较高。     

职业噪声和高温对心血管系统的影响

目的 分析不同职业性噪声暴露水平对心血管系统的影响,探讨噪声与其他职业性有害因素（高温、有害气体）之间是否存在交互作用。 方法 采用回顾性队列研究设计方法,收集安徽省某特大型化工企业2014―2018年的职业健康检查结果。根据噪声暴露评估情况将研究人群分为高暴露组（≥80 dB（A））、中暴露组（70~79 dB（A））和低暴露组（< 70 dB（A））;参考高温作业分级标准,对环境温度进行分级（I~IV级）。应用SPSS 23.0软件,采用χ²检验比较作业人员吸烟、饮酒、规律运动等因素在不同暴露组的构成,建立Cox回归模型分析暴露与效应关系。 结果 与低暴露组相比,暴露于≥80 dB（A）和70~79 dB（A）的职业噪声会增加高血压的发病风险,其风险比（hazard ratio,HR）和95%置信区间分别为1.85（95%CI：1.36~2.52）和1.29（95%CI：1.03~1.60）。暴露于≥80 dB（A）的职业噪声会增加心电图异常的发生风险（HR=1.31,95% CI：1.06~1.63）。共同暴露于高温和≥80 dB（A）职业噪声,高血压的发病风险进一步增加（HR=8.98,95% CI：3.25~24.86）。 结论 职业性噪声暴露可增加职业人群高血压和心电图异常的发生风险,且职业性噪声与高温存在交互作用。     

中国中老年人抑郁症状现状及影响因素分析

  目的  探索吸烟、饮酒行为对中国中老年妇女抑郁症状的影响,为改善中老年妇女抑郁状况提供政策依据和干预措施。  方法  选用2013和2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据,采用10项流调中心抑郁量表（CES-D10）评估中老年妇女的抑郁症状,运用logistic模型分析吸烟、饮酒行为对中老年妇女抑郁症状的影响。  结果  本研究中基线5 532名无抑郁症状的中老年妇女2年后出现抑郁症状1 405例,抑郁症状发生率为25.40 %,农村（29.25 %）高于城镇（19.93 %）。Logistic分析结果显示,与不吸烟的中老年妇女相比,吸烟者（OR = 1.23,95 % CI = 0.95～1.60）和戒烟者（OR = 0.70,95 % CI = 0.47～1.08）发生抑郁症状的风险无显著增加;与不饮酒的中老年妇女相比,每周饮酒者（OR = 1.16,95 % CI = 0.90～1.52）与偶尔饮酒者（OR = 1.03,95 % CI = 0.83～1.29）发生抑郁症状的风险无显著增加。按居住地对中老年妇女进行分层后发现,居住在城镇的中老年妇女,吸烟者（OR = 1.53,95 % CI = 1.01～2.32）发生抑郁症状的风险高于不吸烟者;居住在农村的中老年妇女,相比不吸烟者,吸烟者（OR = 1.10,95 % CI = 0.78～1.57）和戒烟者（OR = 0.77,95 % CI = 0.46～1.29）发生抑郁症状的风险无显著性差异。无论是居住在农村还是城镇,相比不饮酒者而言,每周饮酒和偶尔饮酒的中老年妇女发生抑郁症状的风险无显著变化。  结论  中国中老年妇女抑郁症状发生率较高,农村高于城市。应加强中老年妇女的健康教育,告诫其减少吸烟,同时加强中老年妇女的心理干预,为提高中老年妇女的身心健康提供保障。     

基线高敏C-反应蛋白水平与男性吸烟人群肺癌发病风险队列研究

目的 探讨高敏C-反应蛋白（high sensitivity C-reactive protein,hsCRP）与男性吸烟人群肺癌发病的关联性。方法 以参加2006年7月开滦集团体检的男性吸烟人群建立队列,收集基线调查资料和hsCRP实验室检测结果。通过每2年1次的体检和每年1次的目标人群健康状况相关信息数据库检索,收集肺癌发病和死亡等结局信息。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析男性吸烟人群基线hsCRP水平与肺癌发病风险,调整变量包括年龄、吸烟程度、饮酒、体质指数和糖尿病史情况。结果 至2014年12月31日,纳入队列38 099人,随访期内共收集新发肺癌333例。hsCRP<1 mg/L组、hsCRP 1~3 mg/L组和hsCRP >3 mg/L组中新发肺癌8年累积发病率分别为727/10万、995/10万和1 344/10万,组间差异具有统计学意义（χ²=23.79,P<0.001）。调整年龄、吸烟程度、饮酒、体质指数和糖尿病史后,hsCRP 1~3 mg/L组和hsCRP>3 mg/L组患者肺癌发病风险分别是hsCRP< 1 mg/L组的1.37倍和1.69倍,差异均有统计学意义（95% CI：1.06~1.77,P=0.017;95% CI：1.29~2.23,P<0.001）。结论 基线hsCRP水平升高增加了男性吸烟人群肺癌发病风险。     

蒙古族高血压肾素基因多态性与环境因素作用

目的 探讨肾素基因插入/缺失(REN基因I/D)多态性与环境因素相互作用对蒙古族人群高血压的影响。方法 以蒙古族人群中无血缘关系的501人(高血压者243人,正常血压者258人)为研究对象,进行有关环境因素的调查并采集血样,对REN基因I/D多态性采用PCR技术结合凝胶电泳和银染方法进行基因分型。结果 高血压组REN基因I/D多态性的DD基因型、D等位基因频率(36.21%,63.79%)高于对照组(29.84%,57.17%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。REN基因(DD+ID)基因型+吸烟的OReg为Ⅱ基因型+不吸烟的1.70倍(95%CI=0.69~4.48),REN基因、吸烟2个因素之间具有正相乘模型交互作用;REN基因(DD+ID)基因型+饮酒的OReg为Ⅱ基因型+不饮酒的3.20倍(95%CI=1.42~7.61),REN基因、饮酒两因素之间具有负相乘模型交互作用。结论 REN基因(DD+ID)基因型与吸烟或饮酒同时存在时可增加患高血压的危险性。     

可溶性Corin在心血管疾病中的应用

  目的  了解饮酒与利钠肽轴关键蛋白酶corin的关系,为探讨饮酒是否通过影响利钠肽轴功能参与心血管病的发病过程提供参考依据。  方法  于2010年5 — 8月在江苏省苏州市姑苏区招募3061名 ≥ 30岁常住居民进行问卷调查、血压测定和实验室检测,并采用中位数线性回归模型分别在男性和女性居民中分析饮酒与血清corin水平的关联性。  结果  不饮酒组、少量饮酒组、中度饮酒组、重度饮酒组男性和女性居民血清corin中位数水平分别为2238.10和1514.58、 2220.93和1477.28、2070.50和1707.43、1966.49和1490.48 pg/mL,中度饮酒组和重度饮酒组男性居民血清corin中位数水平均低于不饮酒组男性居民（均P < 0.01）,轻度饮酒组男性居民与不饮酒组男性居民血清corin中位数水平差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,轻度饮酒组、中度饮酒组和重度饮酒组女性居民与不饮酒组女性居民血清corin中位数水平差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）;在调整了年龄、文化程度、吸烟情况和盐食用偏好后,中位数线性回归模型分析结果显示,重度饮酒组男性居民血清corin水平较不饮酒组男性居民低215.26 pg/mL（β = − 215.26,P = 0.002）。  结论  男性居民饮酒与血清利钠肽轴关键蛋白酶corin水平呈显著负相关,饮酒可能影响利钠肽轴功能进而作用于心血管系统。     

甘肃省15～69岁常住居民吸烟和戒烟现状及其烟草危害知晓情况

  目的  了解甘肃省自愿戒烟者既往戒烟尝试和未来戒烟计划及其影响因素,为有效采取戒烟干预措施提供科学依据。  方法  整群抽取2015年1月 — 2016年8月甘肃省自主致电12320卫生热线咨询吸烟问题的420名 ≥ 18周岁自愿戒烟者进行电话调查,分析其既往戒烟尝试和未来戒烟计划及其影响因素。  结果  甘肃省420名自愿戒烟者中,过去1年内有戒烟尝试者198人,戒烟尝试者比例为47.14 %;未来1个月内有戒烟计划者152人,戒烟计划者比例为36.19 %。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,甘肃省家庭室内绝对禁止吸烟的自愿戒烟者既往戒烟尝试的比例为家庭室内吸烟无限制自愿戒烟者的3.501倍（OR = 3.501,95 % CI = 1.868～6.561）;甘肃省年龄18～40岁自愿戒烟者未来有戒烟计划的比例为年龄 > 40岁自愿戒烟者的1.887倍（OR = 1.887,95 % CI = 1.068～3.335）,家庭室内绝对禁止吸烟的自愿戒烟者未来有戒烟计划的比例为家庭室内吸烟无限制自愿戒烟者的3.553倍（OR = 3.553,95 % CI = 1.695～7.444）,每日吸烟数量 > 10支自愿戒烟者未来有戒烟计划的比例为每日吸烟数量 ≤ 10支自愿戒烟者的3.300倍（OR = 3.300, 95 % CI = 1.902～5.726）,既往有戒烟尝试自愿戒烟者未来有戒烟计划的比例为既往无戒烟尝试自愿戒烟者的8.986倍（OR = 8.986,95 % CI = 5.376～15.021）。  结论  家庭吸烟限制是甘肃省自愿戒烟者既往戒烟尝试和未来戒烟计划的主要影响因素,通过12320卫生热线搭建或加强家庭戒烟支持网络,同时严格公共环境戒烟政策的实施,可有效促进人群戒烟。     

Effects on birthweight of alcohol and caffeine consumption in smoking women.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--Previous work found no effect on birthweight of alcohol and caffeine consumption in non-smokers but such an effect was found in smokers. This report investigates further the effects on birthweight of alcohol and caffeine at three stages of pregnancy in smoking women. DESIGN--This was a prospective population study. SETTING--District general hospital in inner London. PARTICIPANTS--Out of 1309 women who completed all pregnancy interviews, 895 were excluded because they did not smoke, leaving a sample of 414 smokers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Number and brand of cigarettes smoked, and quantity of alcohol and caffeine consumed were obtained by interview at booking, 28, and 36 weeks gestation. Birthweight was corrected for gestation and adjusted for maternal height, sex of infant and parity. The effect on birthweight of alcohol consumption was not explained by the amount smoked in terms of quantity and yield. Similarly the effect of caffeine was independent of smoking. When alcohol, caffeine, and smoking were analysed together, alcohol and caffeine were both associated with reductions in birthweight. Alcohol was associated with a reduction of up to 8% after adjusting for tobacco and caffeine intake, and caffeine was associated with a reduction of up to 6.5% after adjusting for tobacco and alcohol intake. Women who at booking were heavy smokers (greater than or equal to 13 cigarettes/day or greater than or equal to 15 mg carbon monoxide/cigarette), heavy drinkers (greater than or equal to 100 g/week alcohol), and had high caffeine intake (greater than or equal to 2801 mg/week) had a predicted reduction in mean birthweight of 18% (95% CI 11% to 24%). CONCLUSIONS--It is well known that women who smoke in pregnancy have smaller babies than non-smokers. Our study suggests that if these women also drink alcohol and high quantities of caffeine then the risk of poor fetal growth is increased even further.     

Gamma-glutamyltransferase, alcohol, and blood pressure. A four year follow-up study

PURPOSE: We performed this study to see: 1) whether gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was a predictor for hypertension irrespective of amount of alcohol consumption; and 2) whether the relationship between alcohol consumption and blood pressure (BP) was different depending on GGT. METHODS: This study included 8170 healthy male workers in a steel manufacturing company who had undergone health examinations in both 1994 and 1998. RESULTS: The adjusted relative risk (RR) for hypertension over four years among those with GGT >or=30 U/L at baseline was 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-2.4), compared to those with GGT < 30 U/L. This relationship was shown only in drinkers. Among subjects with GGT < 30U/L, no matter how much the subjects drank, the risk of hypertension in drinkers was similar with that of non-drinkers. However, among those with GGT >or=30 U/L, adjusted RRs for light, moderate, and heavy drinkers compared to non-drinkers were 1.4 (95% CI: 0.5-4.5), 5.2 (95% CI: 1.5-18.0), and 5.3 (95% CI: 1.0-27.6). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that elevated GGT could be a predictor for hypertension in drinkers and the relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension was shown only among those with GGT >or= 30 U/L at baseline. These findings suggest that increased serum GGT levels may reflect individual susceptibility to the blood pressure raising effect of alcohol.     

Saturation of tobacco smoking models and risk of alcohol and tobacco use among adolescents.

PURPOSE: To examine how saturation of an adolescent's environment with models of cigarette smoking (e.g., parents, siblings, friends) affects the probability of tobacco and alcohol use among junior high and high school students. METHODS: The Health and Smoking Questionnaire was administered to 806 adolescents (182 smokers and 624 nonsmokers; 57.2% female) average age of 15.1 years (SD = 1.6) in a mid-size Midwestern town. The questionnaire contains standardized items in five domains: demographics, smoking status and history, perceptions of risk and risk reduction, risk factors for tobacco use, and parenting style. RESULTS: Risk for smoking or using alcohol increased dramatically as the number of models who smoke increased in an adolescent's environment. For instance, adolescents with one significant other who smoked were nearly four times (OR = 3.76, p <.001) more likely to smoke than someone with no significant others who smoked. However, if an adolescent had four significant others who smoked, they were over 160 times more likely to smoke (OR = 161.25, p <.001). Similar results were found for alcohol use; adolescents who had one significant other who smoked were more than 2.5 (OR = 2.66, p <.001) times more likely to drink than those without smoking models. Adolescents who had four significant other smoking models were 13 times (OR = 13.08, p <.001) more likely to drink. CONCLUSIONS: As the number of cigarette smokers in an adolescent's environment increases, risk of tobacco and alcohol use increases substantially. These data suggest that multiple models of tobacco use will substantially increase risk for substance use in adolescents.     

Health-related quality of life and health risk behaviors among smokers

BACKGROUND: It is well established that smoking has detrimental effects on physical health, but its associations with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and a variety of health behaviors have not been widely investigated in the U.S. population. METHODS: Data obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an ongoing, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of non-institutionalized persons aged > or =18 years in the United States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, were used in this investigation. The BRFSS monitors the prevalence of key health- and safety-related behaviors and characteristics. In 2001 and 2002 combined, trained interviewers administered HRQOL questions in 23 states and the District of Columbia (n=82,918). This analysis was conducted in 2004. RESULTS: Overall, an estimated 22.4% of adults were current smokers, 24.1% were former smokers, and 53.6% never smoked. Current smokers had significantly poorer HRQOL than those who had never smoked, and were more likely to drink heavily, to binge drink, and to report depressive and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, current smokers were significantly more likely than those who never smoked to be physically inactive, to report frequent sleep impairment, to report frequent pain, and to eat less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. CONCLUSIONS: While there are strong positive relationships between smoking and both alcohol consumption and mood disturbance, smoking is also associated with an array of other modifiable risk factors meriting assessment and intervention. In addition to smoking cessation, the increased morbidity and mortality characterizing smokers may potentially be further reduced by improvements in diet, physical activity, and sleep.     

Coffee consumption and decreased serum γ-glutamyltransferase: a study of middle-aged Japanese men

The potential inverse association between coffee intake and serum -glutamyltransferase (GGT) was examined in a cross-sectional study involving 1353 Japanese male office workers aged 35–59 years in Osaka, Japan. Those who had serum aminotransferases exceeding the normal range and/or who had been administered medical care for, or had a past history of, liver disease were excluded. Multiple linear regression analysis and analysis of covariance were used to control for confounding variables (age, body mass index, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking) and to examine possible interactions. From the linear regression analysis, coffee intake was inversely related to serum GGT levels independently of age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking. All of the latter variables were also independently and positively associated with serum GGT levels. When the interactions between coffee and each of four covariates on serum GGT were evaluated by adding each interaction term to the above regression model, significant negative interactions were observed for age and cigarette smoking. From the analysis of covariance, lower levels of serum GGT associated with coffee consumption were more evident in the older age group and at the higher levels of cigarette smoking. These findings suggest that coffee consumption is inversely related to serum GGT and that coffee may inhibit the inducing effects of aging and possibly of smoking on serum GGT in the liver.     

Smoking among a cohort of Spanish university graduates. The SUN Project

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the association between employment, educational level, marital status, and smoking in a large cohort of Spanish university graduates (3- and 5-year degrees), with a predominance of health professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data of the first 7,508 participants in the follow-up study of the University of Navarre (SUN Project) was performed. The subjects were classified according to their smoking status. Independent variables were: employment, marital status, highest educational level attained, number of children, alcohol consumption (g/day), body mass index, and age. In the multivariate analysis, 3 non-conditional logistic regression models were built using the following outcomes: a) smokers vs never-smokers plus ex-smokers; b) smokers vs never-smokers; c) smokers of 15 or more cigarettes a day vs smokers of less than 15 cigarettes a day plus never-smokers and ex-smokers. RESULTS: Among men, no association was found between employment and smoking status in any of the comparisons. In contrast, among women, being a nurse was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. The prevalence of current smokers among nurses was 48.5%. Female students were also more likely to smoke and had a higher risk of being heavy smokers (OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.28-2.57). A lower prevalence of smoking was found among participants of both sexes who had completed a doctorate. CONCLUSIONS: Among a large Spanish collective with higher education, the prevalence of smoking was higher in women with a shorter college degree. The prevalence of smoking among nurses was higher than the average among women graduates, which is a cause for concern.     

Examining Differences in Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC) Levels and Hazardous Drinking by Smoking Status Among a Sample of College Student Bar Patrons

While the association between current smoking and alcohol consumption is well known, the relationship between social smoking and alcohol consumption is less understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between smoking status and two alcohol consumption measures in a sample of college student bar patrons. The data used in this study was collected in fall 2015. Study participants (N?=?415) were college student bar patrons who agreed to complete an interview that assessed smoking status (i.e., regular smoker, social smoker, non-smoker) and two alcohol consumption measures: (1) breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) levels (using a handheld breathalyzer device) and (2) hazardous drinking scores (using the AUDIT-C scale). We conducted one-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni correction to examine differences in BrAC levels and hazardous drinking scores by smoking status. Among sample participants, 25.3% were regular smokers, 14.7% were social smokers, and 60.0% were non-smokers. Smokers had significantly higher BrAC levels than social smokers and non-smokers. Regular smokers also had significantly higher hazardous drinking scores than social smokers and non-smokers. The BrAC levels and hazardous drinking scores of social smokers and non-smokers were not significantly different. The drinking habits of social smokers reflected those of non-smokers and being a regular smoker was associated with higher drinking levels than the rest of the sample. Because of the association found between alcohol consumption and regular smoking, combining efforts to reduce these behaviors in college students might be advantageous.     

中国成年人饮茶与死亡风险的前瞻性关联研究

目的分析中国成年人饮茶与全因死亡和死因别死亡风险间的关联。方法本研究分析基于中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目。饮茶信息为基线自报。死亡信息主要通过链接死亡监测系统获取。使用Cox比例风险回归模型计算风险比(HR)及其95%CI。结果纳入分析的438 443例研究对象随访11.1年共发生死亡34 661例。与从不饮茶者相比, 当前非每日饮茶者和每日饮茶者全因死亡HR值(95%CI)依次为0.89(0.86～0.91)和0.92(0.88～0.95)。分性别分析显示, 饮茶对全因死亡风险的保护作用主要见于男性(交互P<0.05)。与从不饮茶者相比, 当前每日饮茶者死于缺血性心脏病、缺血性脑卒中、出血性脑卒中、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病及其他死因的HR值(95%CI)依次为0.83(0.76～0.92)、0.82(0.69～0.97)、0.86(0.78～0.94)、1.03(0.97～1.09)、1.00(0.87～1.16)、0.84(0.78～0.90)。在不吸烟且不过量饮酒者中, 每日饮茶与恶性肿瘤死亡风险间不存在有统计学显著性的关联, 但在吸烟或过量饮酒者中, 每日饮茶者死于恶性肿瘤的风...     

Smoking cessation and body mass index of occupationally active men: the Israeli CORDIS Study

OBJECTIVES: This study estimated weight gain after smoking cessation and identified factors attenuating this gain. METHODS: We conducted a prospective follow-up of 1209 male factory workers for 2 to 4 years. The independent variables were smoking habits. age, sports activity, education, alcohol consumption, ethnicity, duration of follow-up, and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) at entry. The dependent variable was increase in BMI during follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age-adjusted BMI at entry into the study was 26.6 kg/m2 among past smokers and 25.4 kg/m2 among current smokers. There were no differences in BMI between those who quit less than 3 years before entry and those who quit more than 6 years before entry. During follow-up, the average increase in BMI was 0.07 kg/m2 among never smokers, 0.19 kg/m2 among smokers who had stopped smoking before entry, 0.24 kg/m2 among current smokers, and 0.99 kg/m2 among those who stopped smoking after entry. Cessation of smoking after entry predicted an increased gain in BMI; older age, a higher BMI at entry, sports activity, and alcohol consumption attenuated this gain. CONCLUSIONS: The increased rate of weight gain after smoking cessation is transient. However, the weight gained is retained for at least 6 years.