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目的 探讨饮酒、体质指数与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系。方法 采用病例对照研究方法。病例为2004~2006年临床诊断为良性前列腺增生、施行手术治疗、术后病理证实为BPH的患者,年龄为56~88岁。对照为同期住院的非前列腺增生患者,年龄与病例相同。以1:1匹配。病例与对照各334例,采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行调查。内容包括一般情况、身体测量、生活方式(吸烟、饮食、饮酒情况等)、既往史以及前列腺疾病的家族史等。采用Logistic回归模型计算OR值和95%CI。结果 病例组脑力劳动者所占的比例高于对照组,但其所从事的职业性活动却低于对照组,二者差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.446,P<0.05)。与不饮酒者比较,每天酒精摄入量为31~45 g者其OR=0.652,95%CI=0.484~0.878;洒精摄入量为46~60 g/d者其OR=0.533,95%CI=0.307~0.924。但重度饮酒者这种相关性减弱,酒精摄入量>60 g/d者与不饮酒者比,OR值增大,OR=0.623,95%CI=0.438~0.886。结论 酒精摄入量与BPH危险性间呈U型关系,而饮酒的年限、体重指数与BPH发病无关系。适量饮酒(酒精摄入量≤60 g/d)可能是BPH发病的保护因素。 相似文献
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目的 了解四川省泸州市成年居民饮酒与慢性病患病率的关系.方法 利用2009年泸州市健康城市建设项目的调查资料,对泸州市11425名成年居民的饮酒和慢性病现状进行分析,并采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析是否饮酒与慢性病患病率的关系.结果 泸州市成年居民慢性病患病率为24.4%,女性(26.2%)高于男性(22.1%),饮酒率为13.2%,且男性(28.2%)明显高于女性(1.3%);1505名饮酒者中,每次酒精量<40g者占50.9%,40~100g者占40.5%,≥100g者占6.1%;饮酒频率越高(χ2趋势=8.305,P=0.004),饮酒年限越长(χ2趋势=101.345,P<0.001),饮用的总酒精量越多(χ2趋势=17.651,P<0.001),慢性病患病率越高;多因素分析显示,是否饮酒与慢性病患病率之间呈负相关( β=-0.424),饮酒者患慢性病的危险低于不饮酒者,OR值为0.654(95%CI=0.559~0.766).结论 泸州市大部分饮酒者为长期、经常饮酒,应加强高饮酒率人群的健康教育,控制过量饮酒,以降低与饮酒有关的慢性病患病率. 相似文献
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目的了解广东省深圳市居民饮酒行为现况,为相关部门开展健康教育和行为干预提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法抽取深圳市3个区647名居民进行调查。结果本次调查显示深圳市居民的现在饮酒率为15.46%(100人),男性现在饮酒率为25.96%(74人),高于女性的7.18%(26人);45~59岁组饮酒率最高为24.44%(33人);现在饮酒者中<18岁开始饮酒者每天或几乎每天饮酒;饮酒主要类型依次为啤酒(37.00%)、白酒(24.00%)、其他酒类(21.00%)和果酒(18.00%);酒类消费中平均每天酒精消费量为18.84 g,其中男性为22.49 g,女性为8.17 g。酒类消费者中过量饮酒比例为22.00%(22人),其中男性为24.32%(18人),女性为15.38%(4人)。结论深圳市居民总体饮酒率不高,但是饮酒行为有年轻化趋势,并且在某些人群中饮酒率较高。 相似文献
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目的 探讨高敏C-反应蛋白(high sensitivity C-reactive protein,hsCRP)与男性吸烟人群肺癌发病的关联性。方法 以参加2006年7月开滦集团体检的男性吸烟人群建立队列,收集基线调查资料和hsCRP实验室检测结果。通过每2年1次的体检和每年1次的目标人群健康状况相关信息数据库检索,收集肺癌发病和死亡等结局信息。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析男性吸烟人群基线hsCRP水平与肺癌发病风险,调整变量包括年龄、吸烟程度、饮酒、体质指数和糖尿病史情况。结果 至2014年12月31日,纳入队列38 099人,随访期内共收集新发肺癌333例。hsCRP<1 mg/L组、hsCRP 1~3 mg/L组和hsCRP >3 mg/L组中新发肺癌8年累积发病率分别为727/10万、995/10万和1 344/10万,组间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=23.79,P<0.001)。调整年龄、吸烟程度、饮酒、体质指数和糖尿病史后,hsCRP 1~3 mg/L组和hsCRP>3 mg/L组患者肺癌发病风险分别是hsCRP< 1 mg/L组的1.37倍和1.69倍,差异均有统计学意义(95% CI:1.06~1.77,P=0.017;95% CI:1.29~2.23,P<0.001)。结论 基线hsCRP水平升高增加了男性吸烟人群肺癌发病风险。 相似文献
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目的 探讨肾素基因插入/缺失(REN基因I/D)多态性与环境因素相互作用对蒙古族人群高血压的影响。方法 以蒙古族人群中无血缘关系的501人(高血压者243人,正常血压者258人)为研究对象,进行有关环境因素的调查并采集血样,对REN基因I/D多态性采用PCR技术结合凝胶电泳和银染方法进行基因分型。结果 高血压组REN基因I/D多态性的DD基因型、D等位基因频率(36.21%,63.79%)高于对照组(29.84%,57.17%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。REN基因(DD+ID)基因型+吸烟的OReg为Ⅱ基因型+不吸烟的1.70倍(95%CI=0.69~4.48),REN基因、吸烟2个因素之间具有正相乘模型交互作用;REN基因(DD+ID)基因型+饮酒的OReg为Ⅱ基因型+不饮酒的3.20倍(95%CI=1.42~7.61),REN基因、饮酒两因素之间具有负相乘模型交互作用。结论 REN基因(DD+ID)基因型与吸烟或饮酒同时存在时可增加患高血压的危险性。 相似文献
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Effects on birthweight of alcohol and caffeine consumption in smoking women. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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STUDY OBJECTIVE--Previous work found no effect on birthweight of alcohol and caffeine consumption in non-smokers but such an effect was found in smokers. This report investigates further the effects on birthweight of alcohol and caffeine at three stages of pregnancy in smoking women. DESIGN--This was a prospective population study. SETTING--District general hospital in inner London. PARTICIPANTS--Out of 1309 women who completed all pregnancy interviews, 895 were excluded because they did not smoke, leaving a sample of 414 smokers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Number and brand of cigarettes smoked, and quantity of alcohol and caffeine consumed were obtained by interview at booking, 28, and 36 weeks gestation. Birthweight was corrected for gestation and adjusted for maternal height, sex of infant and parity. The effect on birthweight of alcohol consumption was not explained by the amount smoked in terms of quantity and yield. Similarly the effect of caffeine was independent of smoking. When alcohol, caffeine, and smoking were analysed together, alcohol and caffeine were both associated with reductions in birthweight. Alcohol was associated with a reduction of up to 8% after adjusting for tobacco and caffeine intake, and caffeine was associated with a reduction of up to 6.5% after adjusting for tobacco and alcohol intake. Women who at booking were heavy smokers (greater than or equal to 13 cigarettes/day or greater than or equal to 15 mg carbon monoxide/cigarette), heavy drinkers (greater than or equal to 100 g/week alcohol), and had high caffeine intake (greater than or equal to 2801 mg/week) had a predicted reduction in mean birthweight of 18% (95% CI 11% to 24%). CONCLUSIONS--It is well known that women who smoke in pregnancy have smaller babies than non-smokers. Our study suggests that if these women also drink alcohol and high quantities of caffeine then the risk of poor fetal growth is increased even further. 相似文献
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PURPOSE: We performed this study to see: 1) whether gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was a predictor for hypertension irrespective of amount of alcohol consumption; and 2) whether the relationship between alcohol consumption and blood pressure (BP) was different depending on GGT. METHODS: This study included 8170 healthy male workers in a steel manufacturing company who had undergone health examinations in both 1994 and 1998. RESULTS: The adjusted relative risk (RR) for hypertension over four years among those with GGT >or=30 U/L at baseline was 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-2.4), compared to those with GGT < 30 U/L. This relationship was shown only in drinkers. Among subjects with GGT < 30U/L, no matter how much the subjects drank, the risk of hypertension in drinkers was similar with that of non-drinkers. However, among those with GGT >or=30 U/L, adjusted RRs for light, moderate, and heavy drinkers compared to non-drinkers were 1.4 (95% CI: 0.5-4.5), 5.2 (95% CI: 1.5-18.0), and 5.3 (95% CI: 1.0-27.6). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that elevated GGT could be a predictor for hypertension in drinkers and the relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension was shown only among those with GGT >or= 30 U/L at baseline. These findings suggest that increased serum GGT levels may reflect individual susceptibility to the blood pressure raising effect of alcohol. 相似文献
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Jennifer E Taylor Mark W Conard Kristin Koetting O'Byrne C Keith Haddock W S Carlos Poston 《The Journal of adolescent health》2004,35(3):190-196
PURPOSE: To examine how saturation of an adolescent's environment with models of cigarette smoking (e.g., parents, siblings, friends) affects the probability of tobacco and alcohol use among junior high and high school students. METHODS: The Health and Smoking Questionnaire was administered to 806 adolescents (182 smokers and 624 nonsmokers; 57.2% female) average age of 15.1 years (SD = 1.6) in a mid-size Midwestern town. The questionnaire contains standardized items in five domains: demographics, smoking status and history, perceptions of risk and risk reduction, risk factors for tobacco use, and parenting style. RESULTS: Risk for smoking or using alcohol increased dramatically as the number of models who smoke increased in an adolescent's environment. For instance, adolescents with one significant other who smoked were nearly four times (OR = 3.76, p <.001) more likely to smoke than someone with no significant others who smoked. However, if an adolescent had four significant others who smoked, they were over 160 times more likely to smoke (OR = 161.25, p <.001). Similar results were found for alcohol use; adolescents who had one significant other who smoked were more than 2.5 (OR = 2.66, p <.001) times more likely to drink than those without smoking models. Adolescents who had four significant other smoking models were 13 times (OR = 13.08, p <.001) more likely to drink. CONCLUSIONS: As the number of cigarette smokers in an adolescent's environment increases, risk of tobacco and alcohol use increases substantially. These data suggest that multiple models of tobacco use will substantially increase risk for substance use in adolescents. 相似文献
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Strine TW Okoro CA Chapman DP Balluz LS Ford ES Ajani UA Mokdad AH 《American journal of preventive medicine》2005,28(2):182-187
BACKGROUND: It is well established that smoking has detrimental effects on physical health, but its associations with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and a variety of health behaviors have not been widely investigated in the U.S. population. METHODS: Data obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an ongoing, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of non-institutionalized persons aged > or =18 years in the United States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, were used in this investigation. The BRFSS monitors the prevalence of key health- and safety-related behaviors and characteristics. In 2001 and 2002 combined, trained interviewers administered HRQOL questions in 23 states and the District of Columbia (n=82,918). This analysis was conducted in 2004. RESULTS: Overall, an estimated 22.4% of adults were current smokers, 24.1% were former smokers, and 53.6% never smoked. Current smokers had significantly poorer HRQOL than those who had never smoked, and were more likely to drink heavily, to binge drink, and to report depressive and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, current smokers were significantly more likely than those who never smoked to be physically inactive, to report frequent sleep impairment, to report frequent pain, and to eat less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. CONCLUSIONS: While there are strong positive relationships between smoking and both alcohol consumption and mood disturbance, smoking is also associated with an array of other modifiable risk factors meriting assessment and intervention. In addition to smoking cessation, the increased morbidity and mortality characterizing smokers may potentially be further reduced by improvements in diet, physical activity, and sleep. 相似文献
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Nakanishi N Nakamura K Nakajima K Suzuki K Tatara K 《European journal of epidemiology》2000,16(5):419-423
The potential inverse association between coffee intake and serum -glutamyltransferase (GGT) was examined in a cross-sectional study involving 1353 Japanese male office workers aged 35–59 years in Osaka, Japan. Those who had serum aminotransferases exceeding the normal range and/or who had been administered medical care for, or had a past history of, liver disease were excluded. Multiple linear regression analysis and analysis of covariance were used to control for confounding variables (age, body mass index, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking) and to examine possible interactions. From the linear regression analysis, coffee intake was inversely related to serum GGT levels independently of age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking. All of the latter variables were also independently and positively associated with serum GGT levels. When the interactions between coffee and each of four covariates on serum GGT were evaluated by adding each interaction term to the above regression model, significant negative interactions were observed for age and cigarette smoking. From the analysis of covariance, lower levels of serum GGT associated with coffee consumption were more evident in the older age group and at the higher levels of cigarette smoking. These findings suggest that coffee consumption is inversely related to serum GGT and that coffee may inhibit the inducing effects of aging and possibly of smoking on serum GGT in the liver. 相似文献
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García de Albéñiz XA Guerra-Gutiérrez F Ortega-Martínez R Sánchez-Villegas A Martínez-González MA 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2004,18(2):108-117
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the association between employment, educational level, marital status, and smoking in a large cohort of Spanish university graduates (3- and 5-year degrees), with a predominance of health professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data of the first 7,508 participants in the follow-up study of the University of Navarre (SUN Project) was performed. The subjects were classified according to their smoking status. Independent variables were: employment, marital status, highest educational level attained, number of children, alcohol consumption (g/day), body mass index, and age. In the multivariate analysis, 3 non-conditional logistic regression models were built using the following outcomes: a) smokers vs never-smokers plus ex-smokers; b) smokers vs never-smokers; c) smokers of 15 or more cigarettes a day vs smokers of less than 15 cigarettes a day plus never-smokers and ex-smokers. RESULTS: Among men, no association was found between employment and smoking status in any of the comparisons. In contrast, among women, being a nurse was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. The prevalence of current smokers among nurses was 48.5%. Female students were also more likely to smoke and had a higher risk of being heavy smokers (OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.28-2.57). A lower prevalence of smoking was found among participants of both sexes who had completed a doctorate. CONCLUSIONS: Among a large Spanish collective with higher education, the prevalence of smoking was higher in women with a shorter college degree. The prevalence of smoking among nurses was higher than the average among women graduates, which is a cause for concern. 相似文献
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Ryan J. Martin Molly Robinson Jennifer Cremeens-Matthews Beth H. Chaney Kristyn Wynn Joseph G. L. Lee 《Journal of community health》2018,43(6):1119-1123
While the association between current smoking and alcohol consumption is well known, the relationship between social smoking and alcohol consumption is less understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between smoking status and two alcohol consumption measures in a sample of college student bar patrons. The data used in this study was collected in fall 2015. Study participants (N?=?415) were college student bar patrons who agreed to complete an interview that assessed smoking status (i.e., regular smoker, social smoker, non-smoker) and two alcohol consumption measures: (1) breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) levels (using a handheld breathalyzer device) and (2) hazardous drinking scores (using the AUDIT-C scale). We conducted one-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni correction to examine differences in BrAC levels and hazardous drinking scores by smoking status. Among sample participants, 25.3% were regular smokers, 14.7% were social smokers, and 60.0% were non-smokers. Smokers had significantly higher BrAC levels than social smokers and non-smokers. Regular smokers also had significantly higher hazardous drinking scores than social smokers and non-smokers. The BrAC levels and hazardous drinking scores of social smokers and non-smokers were not significantly different. The drinking habits of social smokers reflected those of non-smokers and being a regular smoker was associated with higher drinking levels than the rest of the sample. Because of the association found between alcohol consumption and regular smoking, combining efforts to reduce these behaviors in college students might be advantageous. 相似文献
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目的分析中国成年人饮茶与全因死亡和死因别死亡风险间的关联。方法本研究分析基于中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目。饮茶信息为基线自报。死亡信息主要通过链接死亡监测系统获取。使用Cox比例风险回归模型计算风险比(HR)及其95%CI。结果纳入分析的438 443例研究对象随访11.1年共发生死亡34 661例。与从不饮茶者相比, 当前非每日饮茶者和每日饮茶者全因死亡HR值(95%CI)依次为0.89(0.86~0.91)和0.92(0.88~0.95)。分性别分析显示, 饮茶对全因死亡风险的保护作用主要见于男性(交互P<0.05)。与从不饮茶者相比, 当前每日饮茶者死于缺血性心脏病、缺血性脑卒中、出血性脑卒中、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病及其他死因的HR值(95%CI)依次为0.83(0.76~0.92)、0.82(0.69~0.97)、0.86(0.78~0.94)、1.03(0.97~1.09)、1.00(0.87~1.16)、0.84(0.78~0.90)。在不吸烟且不过量饮酒者中, 每日饮茶与恶性肿瘤死亡风险间不存在有统计学显著性的关联, 但在吸烟或过量饮酒者中, 每日饮茶者死于恶性肿瘤的风... 相似文献
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Smoking cessation and body mass index of occupationally active men: the Israeli CORDIS Study
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Froom P Kristal-Boneh E Melamed S Gofer D Benbassat J Ribak J 《American journal of public health》1999,89(5):718-722
OBJECTIVES: This study estimated weight gain after smoking cessation and identified factors attenuating this gain. METHODS: We conducted a prospective follow-up of 1209 male factory workers for 2 to 4 years. The independent variables were smoking habits. age, sports activity, education, alcohol consumption, ethnicity, duration of follow-up, and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) at entry. The dependent variable was increase in BMI during follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age-adjusted BMI at entry into the study was 26.6 kg/m2 among past smokers and 25.4 kg/m2 among current smokers. There were no differences in BMI between those who quit less than 3 years before entry and those who quit more than 6 years before entry. During follow-up, the average increase in BMI was 0.07 kg/m2 among never smokers, 0.19 kg/m2 among smokers who had stopped smoking before entry, 0.24 kg/m2 among current smokers, and 0.99 kg/m2 among those who stopped smoking after entry. Cessation of smoking after entry predicted an increased gain in BMI; older age, a higher BMI at entry, sports activity, and alcohol consumption attenuated this gain. CONCLUSIONS: The increased rate of weight gain after smoking cessation is transient. However, the weight gained is retained for at least 6 years. 相似文献