穴位埋线调控NLRP3炎症小体及IL-27表达对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的黏膜保护作用

目的：观察穴位埋线对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠NLRP3炎症小体及IL-27表达的调控作用,探讨其治疗UC的作用机制。方法：SD大鼠按体质量随机分为空白组、模型组、药物组和穴位埋线组,每组各10只。除空白组外,其余各组采用葡聚糖硫酸钠 (DSS) 法制备UC大鼠模型。药物组给予柳氮磺胺吡啶(SASP)连续灌胃14 d,穴位埋线组给予穴位简易埋线,每7 d 干预1次,共3次。观察各组大鼠一般状况,记录疾病活动度指数(DAI)、黏膜损伤指数(CMDI)和结肠长度变化;HE 染色观察大鼠结肠组织病理形态改变;ELISA测定大鼠血清IL-18、IL-1β、IFN-γ、IL-27炎性因子水平;Western-blot及RT-PCR检测大鼠结肠组织中NLRP3、caspase-1及IL-27的蛋白和mRNA表达。 结果：与模型组比较,穴位埋线治疗可有效改善 UC大鼠一般状况,降低DAI和CMDI评分,增加大鼠结肠长度,并减轻结肠组织病理损伤;同时降低了大鼠血清中IL-18、IL-1β、IFN-γ水平,升高IL-27的水平(P＜0.05);下调结肠组织中NLRP3、 caspase-1的蛋白和mRNA表达,上调了IL-27的表达(P＜0.05)。 结论：穴位埋线疗法对DSS所诱导的UC大鼠模型具有明显的治疗作用,其机制可能是通过上调IL-27的表达,抑制NLRP3炎症小体通路激活及炎性细胞因子的表达,从而减轻UC肠黏膜炎性损伤。     

穴位埋线对原发性痛经大鼠子宫组织核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域受体炎性小体的影响

目的:观察穴位埋线对原发性痛经(PD)大鼠子宫组织核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域受体3(NLRP3炎性小体及其下游因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素18(IL-18)表达的影响,探讨穴位埋线治疗PD的可能机制。方法:雌性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、埋线组、西药组,每组10只。苯甲酸雌二醇联合缩宫素皮下注射建立PD大鼠模型。埋线组于造模第1天及造模第5天对"关元""三阴交"穴进行埋线治疗;西药组采用芬必得灌胃治疗,每日1次,共10d。于第11天比较各组大鼠30min内扭体次数;HE染色法观察大鼠子宫病理形态学的变化,并进行病理损伤评分;Western blot法检测子宫组织NLRP3、半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶1(caspase-1)、IL-1β、IL-18的表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组扭体次数增多(P<0.01);与模型组比较,埋线组、西药组30min内扭体次数均减少(P<0.01,P<0.05);与西药组比较,埋线组扭体次数明显减少(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠子宫内膜大范围剥脱并有较严重的水肿;埋线组及西药组子宫内膜损伤程度较模型组轻,子宫内膜剥脱少见且水肿程度较轻;与正常组比较,模型组病理评分明显上升(P<0.01);与模型组比较,埋线组和西药组病理评分显著降低(P<0.01)。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠子宫组织NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,埋线组大鼠子宫组织NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β及IL-18蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),西药组大鼠子宫组织caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01);与西药组比较,埋线组子宫组织NLRP3蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:穴位埋线可明显改善PD大鼠疼痛症状和病理损伤情况,其作用机制可能与抑制子宫组织中NLRP3炎性小体的活化有关。     

艾灸预处理天枢穴对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠TLR4/TRIF信号通路调节作用的研究

目的观察艾灸预处理天枢穴对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)大鼠结肠TLR4/TRIF信号通路的影响,探讨艾灸预处理防治UC的作用机制.方法将28只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、隔药灸预处理组和温和灸预处理组.采用4%葡聚糖硫酸钠水溶液连续饮用7 d制备UC模型.隔药灸预处理组、温和灸预处理组先干预7 d后,模型组、隔药灸预处理组、温和灸预处理组再制备UC模型.采用HE染色法,观察大鼠结肠组织病理学变化;应用免疫组化、免疫印记技术检测大鼠结肠TLR4、TRIF、TRAF6、IRF3、IKK的蛋白表达.结果模型组大鼠结肠黏膜结构损伤较正常组明显加重;隔药灸预处理组和温和灸预处理组,结肠黏膜结构损伤较模型组明显改善.与正常组比较,模型组结肠TLR4、TRIF、TRAF6、IRF3、IKK蛋白表达均显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,隔药灸预处理组、温和灸预处理组结肠TLR4、TRIF、TRAF6、IRF3蛋白表达均显著降低(P<0.05),隔药灸预处理组结肠IKK蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05).结论艾灸预处理天枢穴能下调UC大鼠结肠TLR4、TRIF、TRAF6、IRF3蛋白表达;下调TLR4/TRIF信号通路相关分子的蛋白表达可能是艾灸预处理防治UC的作用机制之一.     

电针“上巨虚”和“天枢”对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠核转录因子-κB/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域3信号通路相关蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察电针“上巨虚”“天枢”对2-4-6三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)/乙醇诱导的溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域3(NLRP3)炎性小体信号通路相关蛋白表达的影响,探讨电针治疗UC的部分作用机制。方法:SD大鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、美沙拉嗪组和电针组,每组12只。采用TNBS/乙醇灌肠法制备UC大鼠模型。电针组予电针双侧“上巨虚”“天枢”穴,每日1次,每次20 min,共10次;美沙拉嗪组予美沙拉嗪混悬液(0.2 g/kg)灌胃,每日1次,共10次。观察大鼠一般情况,计算大鼠疾病活动指数(DAI);肉眼结合HE染色观察结肠黏膜损伤情况及结肠组织形态学变化,并评估结肠形态损伤指数(CMDI);酶联免疫吸附法检测血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、NLRP3及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量;分别采用免疫组织化学法、Western blot法检测结肠组织中NF-κB及NLRP3表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组一般情况较差,肠黏膜坏死,形成明显溃疡面,并有大量炎细胞浸润,DAI及CMDI评分显著升高(P<0.05),血清IL-1...     

参苓白术散对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠NLPR3,NLPR6蛋白及相关炎症因子表达的影响

目的:探讨参苓白术散对3%葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的溃疡性结肠炎(UC)小鼠的治疗作用及相关的作用机制。方法:60只雄性SPF级C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,柳氮磺吡啶组(0.52 g·kg~(-1)),参苓白术散高、中、低(31.2,15.6,7.8 g·kg~(-1))剂量组。除正常组外小鼠饮用3%葡聚糖硫酸钠蒸馏水1周造成UC模型。造模结束后每日给药1次,正常组和模型组按20 mL·kg~(-1)给予0.9%生理盐水,共14 d。每日观察小鼠体质量、粪便性状及隐血情况并计成疾病活动指数(DAI)评分。给药结束后取血收集血清,取小鼠结肠称质量测量长度并制作病理切片。酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测血清白细胞介素-18(IL-18),IL-1β含量;苏木素-伊红(HE)及阿利新蓝-过碘酸雪夫氏(AB/PAS)染色观察结肠病理情况;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测结肠核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(NLPR3),NLPR6蛋白表达水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠DAI评分显著升高(P0.01),结肠质量增加、长度变短(P0.01);结肠黏膜病理受损严重;血清中IL-1β含量明显增高(P0.05); NLRP3蛋白表达升高,NLRP6表达降低(P0.01)。给药后,与模型组比较,SASP组与高剂量组DAI评分降低(P0.05),结肠质量、长度、病理情况均改善;血清中IL-1β含量降低(P0.05); NLRP3蛋白表达降低(P0.01),NLRP6蛋白表达上调(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:参苓白术散有治疗DSS诱导UC小鼠的作用,其作用机制可能与其调节NLRP3,NLRP6蛋白及相关炎症因子,从而减轻肠道炎症反应,缓解肠黏膜损伤有关。     

艾灸通过调控NLRP3炎性小体缓解5-氟尿嘧啶诱导的大鼠化疗性肠黏膜炎的实验研究

目的:探讨艾灸通过调控核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(NLRP3)缓解5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)诱导的化疗性肠黏膜炎的作用机制。方法:将30只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和艾灸组,每组10只,造模前7 d对艾灸组行艾灸处理,模型组与艾灸组采用单次腹腔注射5-FU造模,造模完成后,艾灸组继续行艾灸处理,正常组与模型组常规饲养,观察各组大鼠一般情况,检测血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、NLRP3含量,观察结肠组织病理改变,检测结肠组织NLRP3 mRNA表达水平,以及NLRP3组成相关蛋白及IL-1β的表达。结果:腹腔注射5-FU后,模型组体质量和摄食量下降明显,肠黏膜形态不规则,损伤严重,肠绒毛变短融合,上皮细胞排列紊乱。与模型组比较,艾灸组体质量增长、血便、摄食量均有不同程度改善,疾病活动指数评分显著低于模型组。艾灸组血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、NLRP3含量均显著低于模型组(P0.05或P0.01);艾灸组结肠组织中NLRP3炎性小体组成部分NLRP3、Caspase-1、ASC蛋白及IL-1β表达显著低于模型组(P0.05)。结论:艾灸可通过抑制NLRP3炎性小体改善5-FU诱导的大鼠化疗性肠黏膜炎症状。     

健脾益肠散对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠组织HSP70表达的影响

目的:探讨健脾益肠散对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠结肠组织热休克蛋白70(HSP70)蛋白和mRNA表达的影响。方法:将健康SPF级雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为2组,正常组和造模组;造模组采用二硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)/乙醇法复制UC大鼠模型;待复制模型成功后将造模组随机分为5组,分别为模型组、柳氮磺吡啶组(0.3 g·kg~(-1))以及健脾益肠散高、中、低剂量组(204,136,68 g·kg~(-1)),每组10只;灌胃相应药物21 d后,观察各组大鼠的一般状态和结肠黏膜组织损伤情况,免疫组化、蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)和实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)分别检测大鼠结肠组织中HSP70的蛋白和mRNA表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠结肠黏膜损伤评分显著升高(P0.01),HSP70蛋白和mRNA表达均显著降低(P0.01)。与模型组比较,各给药组结肠黏膜损伤评分均显著降低(P0.01),各给药组均可增加结肠组织HSP70的蛋白和mRNA表达(P0.05,P0.01),其中以健脾益肠散高剂量组最为明显(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:健脾益肠散可能通过促进HSP70的表达而达到对UC大鼠结肠黏膜的免疫保护,从而发挥治疗作用。     

针灸通过NOXs-ROS-NLRP3信号通路治疗大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的实验研究

目的探讨针灸对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)的治疗作用及作用机制。方法将SD雄性SPF级大鼠40只,随机分成正常组、模型组、电针组、隔药灸组,每组10只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均给予2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)-25%乙醇0.25ml混合液灌肠建立UC模型,空白组大鼠给予等量生理盐水灌肠。隔药灸组、电针组选取"天枢"(双)和"气海"进行隔药灸或电针穴位治疗,连续治疗14d,正常组、模型组不予处理。观察大鼠精神状态及死亡情况,计算大鼠的疾病活动指数(DAI),采集结肠组织,计算结肠黏膜损伤指数(CMDI)、检测大鼠结肠组织中NLRP3 mRNA及IL-1βmRNA相对表达量,采取腹主动脉血,检测血清中NLRP3、NOXs、ROS及IL-1β的表达量。结果除正常组外,各模型组造模后均有明显的溃疡性结肠炎临床症状和病理学改变(P0.05);模型组、电针组、隔药灸组NLRP3 mRNA、IL-1βmRNA表达量,NOXs、ROS、NLRP3及IL-1β表达量高于正常组(P0.05);电针组、隔药灸组NLRP3 mRNA及IL-1βmRNA表达量,NOXs、ROS、NLRP3及IL-1β表达量均明显低于模型组(P0.01)。结论电针、隔药灸可能通过影响NOXs-ROS-NLRP3信号传导通路发挥治疗UC的作用。     

健脾益肠散对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1信号通路的影响

目的 探讨健脾益肠散对溃疡性结肠炎（UC）模型大鼠核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体信号通路的影响。方法 从60只SD大鼠中随机取10只为正常组,其余大鼠自由饮用5%硫酸葡聚糖（DSS）溶液7 d复制UC大鼠模型后,再随机分为模型组、柳氮磺吡啶（0.3 g·kg^-1）组和健脾益肠散高、中、低剂量（54.4、27.2、13.6 g·kg^-1）组,连续给药14 d。每日观察记录大鼠的一般状态,给药前后进行疾病活动指数（DAI）评分;采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测各组大鼠血清中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-18（IL-18）含量,苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法观察结肠组织病理变化,免疫组化法、蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）及实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）分别检测结肠组织NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（ASC）、胱天蛋白酶-1（Caspase-l）的蛋白阳性表达、蛋白及mRNA的表达水平。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠的一般状态相对较差,DAI评分显著增高（P<0.01）,结肠出现病理学改变,血清IL-1β、IL-18含量显著升高（P<0.01）,结肠组织NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-l的蛋白阳性、蛋白及mRNA的表达均显著增强（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,健脾益肠散各剂量组的一般状态明显好转,DAI评分明显减小（P<0.05,P<0.01）,HE染色显示病理变化明显减轻,结肠NLRP3、Caspase-l的蛋白表达均明显减少（P<0.05,P<0.01）;健脾益肠散高、中剂量组血清IL-1β、IL-18含量、结肠ASC的蛋白表达及NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-l的mRNA表达均明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）;健脾益肠散高剂量组NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-l的蛋白阳性表达均显著减少（P<0.01）;健脾益肠散中剂量组ASC、Caspase-l的蛋白阳性表达均明显减少（P<0.05）;健脾益肠散低剂量组ASC的mRNA表达明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 健脾益肠散能通过调节NLRP3炎症小体信号通路,减少结肠免疫炎症损伤发挥治疗UC的效应。     

针药结合对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠粘膜IFN-γ、IL-12表达的影响

目的:探讨针药结合对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠结肠粘膜IFN-γI、L-12表达的调节机制。方法:在成功建立大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型的基础上,采用电针“足三里”穴结合西药柳氮磺胺吡啶(SASP)治疗,并与单纯电针、西药、模型及正常组进行对照,以免疫组化和HE染色法观察UC大鼠结肠粘膜IFN-γ、IL-12免疫阳性细胞的表达和组织形态学变化。结果:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠结肠粘膜IFN-γI、L-12免疫阳性细胞表达出现极显著升高(P<0.01),针药、电针及西药组IFN-γ表达则见不同程度的降低(P<0.05,0.01),其中针药组表达接近于正常组水平;而IL-12表达,针药、电针及西药组均较模型组有极显著性降低(P<0.01)。同时,各治疗组对UC大鼠结肠粘膜的组织形态学变化均有一定程度的改善。结论:UC大鼠结肠粘膜IFN-γI、L-12的异常表达是溃疡性结肠炎的发病机制之一。针药结合可能通过有效抑制UC结肠粘膜IFN-γI、L-12的表达达到其治疗目的。     

艾灸对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠KGF-1、KGF-2和IL-6蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察艾灸对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠角质细胞生长因子-1 (Keratinocyte Growth Factor-1,KGF-1)、角质细胞生长因子-2(Keratinocyte Growth Factor-2,KGF-2) KGF-2和白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)蛋白表达的影响,进一步探讨艾灸治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制.方法:将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、隔药灸组和柳氮磺胺吡啶(Sulfasalazine,SASP)组.隔药灸组采用隔药灸天枢和气海穴治疗;SASP组采用柳氮磺胺吡啶灌胃干预.干预结束后,应用HE染色光镜下观察各组大鼠结肠病理学变化,采用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠结肠KGF-1、KGF-2和IL-6蛋白表达变化.结果:与模型组比较,隔药灸组和SASP组大鼠结肠病理学均有一定的改善;与正常组比较,模型组大鼠结肠KGF-1、KGF-2和IL-6蛋白表达均显著增加(P＜0.05);经隔药灸和SASP干预后,大鼠结肠KGF-1、KGF-2和IL-6蛋白表达均显著降低(P＜0.05).结论:隔药灸和SASP均能下调溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠KGF-1、KGF-2和IL-6的蛋白表达,该作用可能是隔药灸和SASP治疗溃疡性结肠炎的重要机制之一.     

溃结康对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠NLRP3炎性体基因表达及下游炎性因子影响

目的探讨溃结康对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠NLRP3炎性体及下游炎性因子的影响。方法建立葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导小鼠实验性溃疡性结肠炎(急性期、缓解期)模型,实验分为正常对照组、模型组、柳氮磺胺吡啶组(0.45 g/kg)、溃结康(12.8、6.4、3.2 g/kg)组。第8天(急性期)及第21天(缓解期)实验结束时,采集结肠组织,量取各组小鼠结肠长度,HE染色观察小鼠结肠病理变化,免疫组化染色法检测结肠组织MPO表达,酶联免疫法检测结肠组织IL-18、IL-33含量变化,实时荧光定量PCR检测结肠NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1mRNA表达。结果模型组单位结肠长度显著缩短,结肠组织损伤明显,MPO表达显著增加,结肠IL-18,IL-33水平明显升高,NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1mRNA表达显著上调(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,急性期时,柳氮磺胺吡啶组及溃结康高剂量组单位结肠长度明显增加,MPO表达显著降低,IL-18释放减少,NLRP3及Caspase-1mRNA表达显著下调(P<0.05或P<0.01),同时,溃结康中剂量组IL-18水平也显著降低,NLRP3 mRNA显著下调(P<0.05);溃结康低剂量组Caspase-1mRNA表达明显降低(P<0.05)。缓解期时,柳氮磺胺吡啶组及溃结康高、中剂量组单位结肠长度均明显增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);溃结康高剂量组NLRP3及Caspase-1mRNA表达显著增加,溃结康中剂量组IL18、IL-33含量明显增加,ASC、Caspase-1mRNA表达明显上调,低剂量组IL-33含量也明显增加(P<0.05),NLRP3 mRNA表达上调(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论溃结康可能通过调节UC小鼠发病不同时期(急性期、缓解期)NLRP3炎性体(NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1)基因表达及下游炎症因子的释放抑制炎症反应,促进缓解期时结肠黏膜修复。     

黄芩汤对UC模型大鼠PINK1/Parkin通路的作用研究

目的:探究黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型大鼠组织中PTEN诱导假定激酶1(PTEN induced putative kinase 1,PINK1)和E3泛素连接酶(E3ubinquitin ligases, Parkin)表达的影响及对PINK1/Parkin通路介导的线粒体自噬水平的作用。方法:采用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic, TNBS)复合造模法制备UC大鼠模型,将大鼠按照体质量随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性药柳氮磺胺吡啶组(SASP,0.5 g/kg)和黄芩汤(HQT)高、中、低剂量组(20、10、5 g/kg),连续给药7 d,眼眶取血后处死,取结肠组织。HE染色法检测大鼠结肠组织的病变程度,透射电镜观察结肠黏膜组织线粒体形态结构及线粒体自噬现象,Western Blot法检测大鼠结肠中PINK1、Parkin的蛋白表达。结果:造模后模型组大鼠精神倦怠,体质量与进食量明显下降,DAI评分和组织病理评分与正常组相比有显著性差异(P<0.01),电镜观察结果显示线粒体结构被破坏,组织中Parkin蛋白表达量显著降低(P<0.01)。各给药组大鼠给药后DAI评分与组织病理评分较模型组均有不同程度的降低,电镜观察到线粒体自噬现象,组织中PINK1和Parkin的表达量升高,其中,阳性药组与黄芩汤高剂量组最为明显,具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:黄芩汤能够明显改善溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的行为体征与病理评分,其机制可能与促进PINK1与Parkin蛋白的表达,激活线粒体自噬有关。     

隔药灸对克罗恩病大鼠结肠p38MAPK、ERK1/2及c-fos调节作用的研究＊

目的 观察隔药灸对克罗恩（Crohn s Disease，CD）大鼠结肠p38MAPK、ERK1/2、c-fos的影响，探讨隔药灸治疗CD的作用机制。方法 将清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、隔药灸组和假灸组4组。采用TNBS合50%乙醇溶液灌肠制备大鼠CD模型。模型制备成功后，隔药灸组取天枢穴（双）、气海穴进行隔药饼灸治疗；假灸组取穴、操作与隔药灸组相同，但不点燃艾炷。治疗结束后，采用HE染色，光镜下观察大鼠结肠组织形态学变化；采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测结肠p38MAPK mRNA表达；应用ELISA技术检测结肠p38MAPK、c-fos蛋白含量，Western blot技术检测结肠ERK1/2蛋白表达。结果 与正常组比较，模型组大鼠结肠组织损伤严重，可见全壁性炎症、裂隙状溃疡，部分大鼠结肠可见纤维化；与模型组、假灸组比较，隔药灸组大鼠结肠形态结构改善，肠道炎症减轻；假灸组大鼠结肠损伤程度、炎症反应与模型组类似。与正常组比较，模型组p38MAPK mRNA表达增加（P < 0.01），p38MAPK、ERK1/2、c-fos蛋白含量均增加（均P < 0.05）；与模型组比较，隔药灸组p38MAPK mRNA表达降低（P < 0.05），p38MAPK、ERK1/2、c-fos蛋白含量均降低（均P < 0.05）；假灸组均无显著变化（均P > 0.05）。结论 隔药灸能下调克罗恩病大鼠结肠p38MAPK、ERK1/2、c-fos的表达，改善炎症、促进肠道组织修复。     

艾灸对克罗恩病肠纤维化大鼠结肠黏膜TGF-β及Smad4表达的影响

目的：观察艾灸对克罗恩病（Crohn Disease, CD）肠纤维化大鼠结肠转化生长因子-β （Transforming Growth Factor-β, TGF-β）蛋白、Smad4 蛋白及 mRNA 表达的影响,从 TGF-β/Smads 信号途径探讨针灸治疗CD肠纤维化的作用机制。方法：采用雄性清洁级 SD 大鼠建立 CD 肠纤维化模型, 应用随机的方法,将大鼠分为正常组、模型组、温和灸组、电针组、隔药灸组。正常组和模型组不予任何治疗;温和灸组、电针组、隔药灸组均取天枢、气海穴,分别施以温和灸、电针、隔药灸治疗。治疗结束后,采用免疫组织化学法（Immunohistochemistry, IHC）检测各组大鼠结肠 TGF-β与Smad4蛋白的表达;采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应法（Fluorescence Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, FQ-PCR） 检测结肠 Smad4 mRNA 的表达。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠结肠 TGF-β蛋白、Smad4 蛋白及 mRNA 表达增加（P〈0.01）。经温和灸、电针、隔药灸治疗后,与模型组比较,TGF-β蛋白、Smad4 蛋白及 mRNA 表达均有不同程度的降低（P〈0.01 或 P〈0.05）。结论：CD肠纤维化大鼠结肠TGF-β蛋白、 Smad4 蛋白及mRNA表达显著增多,温和灸、电针、隔药灸天枢和气海穴均可下调CD肠纤维化大鼠结肠TGF-β蛋白、Smad4 蛋白及 mRNA 的异常表达。     

Regulatory effect of moxibustion for rats with ulcerative colitis on the macrophage functional phenotype protein of lung tissue

Objective

To observe the regulatory effect of moxibustion on the expression of CD86 and CD163, which are the important functional phenotypes of macrophage differentiation in lung tissue of ulcerative colitis (UC) rats. The mechanism of the regulatory effect of moxibustion for macrophage differentiation based on the key cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis death factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin- 4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) was also explored.

Methods

Forty SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group (NG), a model group (MG), a normal moxibustion group (NMG) and a smokeless moxibustion group (SMG). The model of UC was made by antigen immunization combined with enema with topical formalin. The rats in the normal moxibustion group accepted moxibustion at bilateral Tianshu (ST 25), while the rats in the smokeless moxibustion group with smokeless moxibustion at bilateral Tianshu (ST 25), each 10 min, once a day for 8 d. After treatments, the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colonic tissue, the Western blotting (WB) was used to observe the expression of CD86 and CD163, two important functional phenotypes of macrophage differentiation in lung tissue of UC rats, while the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the content of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-13, the key cytokines of macrophage differentiation in micro environment of the lung tissue.

Results

Compared with the NG, the colons of rats in MG were injured more seriously, and the scores of gross observation and histological examination were significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with the MG, the pathological changes of the two groups of rats with moxibustion treatment were improved, which presented with ulcer repair, inflammation dissipation, and the general score and histological score of the two groups were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the NG, the expression of CD86 in the lung tissue of rats in the MG was increased (P<0.05), and CD163 expression was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the MG and the SMG, the expression of CD86 in the lung tissue of the rats in the NMG was significantly lower than those in the MG and SMG, and CD163 was higher (P<0.05), while the differences were not statistically significant between the MG and the SMG (P>0.05). Compared with the NG, the expression of key cytokines in lung tissue of MG was abnormal, the contents of IFN-γ and TNF-α increased (P<0.05), while the IL-4 and IL-13 decreased (P<0.05). The IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly increased in lung tissue of rats in the NMG (P<0.05), and the IFN-γ and TNF-α were reduced (P<0.05), compared with those in the MG and the SMG, while the differences were not statistically significant between the MG and the SMG (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Moxibustion can increase the expression of CD163, the important functional phenotype of macrophages in lung tissue of UC rats, and the differentiation critical cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. It can also reduce activated phenotype CD86 and its differentiation critical cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α in the lung tissue of UC rats.

     

理中汤合四神丸对脾肾阳虚型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠JNK/Beclin 1/Bcl-2信号通路相关蛋白及基因表达的影响

目的观察以温补脾肾法为指导的理中汤合四神丸对脾肾阳虚型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法制备脾肾阳型UC大鼠模型,将成模大鼠随机分为模型组、柳氮磺吡啶组(SASP组)、肠胃宁组和理中汤合四神丸低、中、高剂量组,每组16只,同时设空白组16只。各给药组予相应药物灌胃,空白组和模型组予等体积蒸馏水灌胃,连续21 d。观察大鼠结肠黏膜组织损伤情况,对结肠黏膜损伤指数(CMDI)进行评分;HE染色观察大鼠结肠组织病理变化;免疫组化和RT-qPCR分别检测大鼠结肠组织JNK1、Beclin 1、Bcl-2、LC3B蛋白和m RNA表达;Western blot检测大鼠结肠组织JNK1、p-JNK1、Bcl-2、p-Bcl-2、Beclin 1和LC3B蛋白表达,并计算LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠ比值。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠CMDI评分显著升高(P<0.01),结肠组织腺体排列紊乱,黏膜层消失,有大量炎性细胞浸润,黏膜基层与基底层分界不清;结肠组织JNK1、Beclin 1、Bcl-2、LC3B mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01),p-JNK1、p-Bc...     

Effect of moxibustion on expressions of HO-1 and MCP-3 protein in colon of rats with Crohn’s disease

Objective

To observe the effect of moxibustion therapy on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3) protein expressions in the colonic mucosa of rats with Crohn’s disease (CD), and to explore the intestinal mucosal immune mechanism of moxibustion therapy in treating CD.

Methods

The CD rat model was established using the internationally accepted Morris method. The rats were randomly divided into a model group, a herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, a mild moxibustion group, a cigarette moxibustion group and a hot compress group, which were compared with the normal group. Except the normal group and the model group, rats in the other groups accepted different moxibustion therapies on bilateral Tianshu (ST 25). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was conducted and the pathological changes of the colon were observed under light microscope; the expressions of HO-1 and MCP-3 protein in rat’s colonic mucosa were determined by immunohisto-chemistry.

Results

Compared with the normal group, rats in the model group showed mucosal defect, villus destruction or loss, submucosal congestion and edema, glandular destruction or disappearance, reduced goblet cells, ulcer formation, significantly increased positive target area and positive target integral optical density of HO-1 and MCP-3 protein expression (all P<0.01). After treatment, compared with the model group, colonic mucosa was significantly improved in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group and the mild moxibustion group, which mainly showed that the intestinal glands were arranged regularly, ulcer surfaces were covered by the neoformative epitheliums, or intestinal ulcers were replaced by the nascent granulation tissue, and submucosal edema was alleviated, with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. The total areas and the integral optical densities of the positive targets for rat’s colonic mucosa HO-1 and MCP-3 protein expressions were decreased (all P<0.01). Compared with the cigarette moxibustion group and the hot compress group, the total areas and the integral optical densities of the positive targets for rat’s colonic mucosa HO-1 and MCP-3 protein expressions were significantly decreased (all P<0.01) in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group and the mild moxibustion group.

Conclusion

Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion and mild moxibustion can significantly improve the inflammatory response of colonic mucosa in CD rats. It can down-regulate the expressions of HO-1 and MCP-3 proteins in the colonic mucosa of CD rats, which may be one of the mechanism in intestinal mucosal immunity caused by moxibustion therapy.

     

Effect of moxibustion on CRF and CRFR1 expressions in hypothalamus of TNBS-induced experimental colitis rats

Objective

To observe the effect of moxibustion on the protein and mRNA expressions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) in hypothalamus of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis rats, and to explore the central mechanisms of moxibustion in improving visceral pain and the pain-related emotions in experimental colitis rats.

Methods

Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group (NG), a model group (MG), a herb-partitioned moxibustion group (HPMG) and a sham herb-partitioned moxibustion group (SHPMG). Except the NG, rats in the remaining three groups all received TNBS enema to establish experimental colitis models. The HPMG received herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) at bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Qihai (CV 6) for intervention; for the SHPMG, the herbal cakes and moxa cones were only placed on the acupoints but not ignited; rats in the MG and NG were only fixed in the same way as those in the HPMG but did not receive any treatment. At the end of the intervention, the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score, the open field test (OFT) score and the elevated plus maze (EPM) score were observed to measure the changes in visceral pain and pain-related emotions of the rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the expressions of CRF and CRFR1 proteins in hypothalamus; the fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expressions of CRF and CRFR1 mRNAs in hypothalamus.

Results

Compared with the NG, the AWR score increased significantly and the OFT and EPM scores dropped significantly in the MG (all P<0.05), and the expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs increased significantly (all P<0.01). Compared with the MG and SHPMG, the AWR score dropped significantly and the OFT and EPM scores increased significantly in the HPMG (all P<0.01), and the expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs decreased significantly (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the MG and the SHPMG (all P>0.05).

Conclusion

HPM can down-regulate the abnormally increased expressions of CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs in hypothalamus of the TNBS-induced experimental colitis rats, which is plausibly one of its action mechanisms in mitigating visceral pain and the pain-related emotions in the experimental colitis rats.

     

电针对干眼症兔结膜细胞凋亡及相关蛋白Caspase-3、Fas和Bcl-2表达的影响

目的:通过观察电针对干眼症兔结膜细胞凋亡及相关蛋白Caspase-3、Fas和Bcl-2表达的影响,从细胞凋亡角度探讨电针治疗干眼症的作用机制.方法:雄性新西兰兔随机分为正常组、模型组、电针组和假电针组.采用0.1%苯扎氯铵滴眼制作兔干眼症模型.检测各组兔泪液分泌量、泪膜破裂时间;采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记测定(TUNEL)法检测结膜细胞凋亡情况;应用免疫组化法检测结膜细胞Caspase-3、Fas和Bcl-2蛋白表达.结果:与正常组比较,模型组兔泪液分泌量降低,泪膜破裂时间缩短(均P<0.01);与模型组、假电针组比较,电针组兔泪液分泌量增多,泪膜破裂时间延长(均P<0.05).与正常组比较,模型组兔结膜细胞凋亡增加(P<0.01),Caspase-3和Fas蛋白表达增加(均P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(P<0.01);与模型组、假电针组比较,电针组兔结膜细胞凋亡减少(均P<0.01),Caspase-3和Fas蛋白表达减少(均P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达增加(均P<0.01).结论:电针能抑制干眼症兔结膜细胞凋亡,下调凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3和Fas表达,上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,该作用可能是电针治疗干眼症的作用机制之一.