新生儿期先天梅毒36例临床分析

目的：探讨新生儿期先天梅毒的临床表现特点。方法：总结分析36例新生儿期先天梅毒，观察患儿临床及实验室检查的改变。结果：无症状新生儿期先天梅毒占61％；新生儿期先天梅毒症状和体征主要有皮疹、肝脾肿大、肺部感染，36例患儿中，早产儿13例（36％），新生儿死亡5例（14％），血清学USR、TPPA、19SIgM—TPPA检测结果均为阳性，肝功能异常23例（64％），肾功能异常22例（61％）。结论：新生儿先天梅毒的诊断须结合临床体征、实验室诊断结果以及母亲的病史进行综合分析；妊娠梅毒患者应及时发现、诊断并给予规范治疗，才能有效地阻断先天梅毒的发生。     

广州市医疗机构不同临床科室梅毒报告质量分析

目的分析医院不同科室报告的梅毒病例的临床及实验室依据,评估不同科室梅毒报告质量。方法从传染病直报系统下载广州市医疗机构2012年梅毒病例并抽样进行核查。分析各科室报告的梅毒病例报告准确率以及过度报告率。结果广州市医疗机构梅毒报告准确率总体为43.79%,过度报告率为47.96%,分类误诊报告率为8.25%。梅毒报告准确率在皮肤性病科、妇产科及其他科室分别为69.50%,40.85%和33.69%,皮肤性病科高于其他科室;过度报告率分别为26.95%,50.00%和56.78%,皮肤科最低,以上差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01)。过度报告的梅毒病例中,妇产科血清RPR≤1∶8者占81.51%,显著高于皮肤科的71.05%及其他科室的73.05%,同时,还发现妇产科病例血清RPR/TPPA双阳性率25.70%,显著低于皮肤性病科的43.86%及其他科室的42.79%。结论皮肤性病科梅毒报告质量好于其他科室,应加强非皮肤科医生的梅毒诊断及疫情报告培训,或者实行梅毒诊疗及报告归口到皮肤性病科管理,同时,修改完善我国传染病报卡中梅毒报告病例的信息,以提高梅毒疫情报告质量。     

2008～2014年广州市梅毒流行现状及防治策略探讨

目的:为了解广州市贯彻实施《中国预防控制梅毒规划(2010~2020)》的成效,为下一步更好的控制梅毒提供指导。方法:从中国疾病预防控制中心传染病网络直报系统下载2008~2014年广州市医疗机构网络直报的广州市常住人口梅毒病例,SPSS软件分析广州市各类型梅毒基本特征。结果:2014年,广州市梅毒、早期显性梅毒、胎传梅毒、三期梅毒报告发病率分别为54.0/10万、9.1/10万、32.0/10万、1.0/10万,2008年以来分别年均下降2.1%、10.2%、32.5%、0.3%;而2014年隐性梅毒报告发病率为42.2/10万,报告病例数为6 305例,2008年以来分别年均增长0.04%、5.8%。在五种监测的性传播疾病(STD)中,梅毒报告发病率已经降为第二位。病例构成比表明:2014年,早期显性梅毒、胎传梅毒病例构成比分别为16.8%、0.8%,2008年以来年均分别下降8.2%、24.8%,而三期梅毒、隐性梅毒构成比分别为1.8%、80.6%,2008年以来年均分别上升1.8%、3.5%。60岁以上离退休老年梅毒患者逐年上升。结论:过去的6年间,以隐性梅毒为主的广州市梅毒流行上升势头得到遏制,梅毒总体发病率已经退居STDs中第二位,继续落实梅毒综合防治策略、强化以隐性梅毒为主的梅毒疫情报告管理是广州市当前梅毒防治工作的主要任务。     

孕期梅毒者行母婴阻断干预对围产结局的影响

目的:分析母婴阻断干预对孕期梅毒患者围产结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析118例孕期梅毒患者的临床资料,根据患者是否采取母婴阻断干预将其分为未干预组(n=48)与干预组(n=70),比较两组的一般资料、不良妊娠结局与新生儿不良预后发生率。根据干预时机将干预组分为早期干预组(孕28周内予母婴阻断干预,n=37)及晚期干预组(孕28周～35周予母婴阻断干预,n=33),比较两组不良妊娠结局与新生儿不良预后发生率。记录新生儿随访18个月的血清学检测及转归。结果:干预组与未干预组的年龄、分娩孕周、生产经历、梅毒分期的差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。干预组不良妊娠结局发生率为2. 86%,低于未干预组的17. 50%;新生儿预后不良发生率为7. 14%,低于未干预组的20. 83%,差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。早期干预组与晚期干预组的早产、低体重儿、先天梅毒、妊娠结局与新生儿预后不良总发生率的差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。118例新生儿中,87例新生儿的血清TPHA阳性、RPR阴性,随访6个月内均转阴; 31例患者的血清TPHA与RPR均阳性,20例在随访12个月内转阴,11例未转阴(母亲治疗前RPR滴度均≥1∶16)。结论:妊娠梅毒患者采取母婴阻断干预有利于减少流产、早产,降低先天梅毒发生风险,对于妊娠晚期梅毒患者,规范干预可取得满意效果,值得推广。     

蛋白免疫印迹试验检测新生儿早期先天梅毒21例

目的：评估梅毒螺旋体蛋白印迹试验（TPPA—IgM—WB）在诊断新生儿早期先天梅毒中的作用。方法：对21例梅毒孕妇所产21例新生儿血清,应用梅毒螺旋体蛋白印迹试验（TPPA—IgM—WB）和常规血清学方法（TPPA、RPR、FTA—ABS—IgM）进行检测,评价上述实验诊断方法和常规实验室检测在先天梅毒早期诊断中的作用。结果：21例孕妇梅毒病例所生的21例新生儿中,按常规综合诊断方法10例诊断为先天梅毒,而新生儿血清IgM蛋白印迹试验12例阳性（10例常规方法诊断为先天梅毒）。结论：血清IgM蛋白印迹试验诊断先天梅毒具有较高的特异性和敏感性,结果显示可能高于现行的常规综合诊断方法的诊断价值。     

昆明市梅毒母婴阻断服务机构医务人员基本知识现况分析

目的了解昆明市梅毒感染孕产妇母婴阻断服务现况、存在问题及困难,为调整梅毒母婴阻断的工作方向,制定有针对性的梅毒母婴阻断工作方案提供依据。方法从国家妇幼卫生综合信息平台和昆明市四级妇幼保健网络管理系统中获取资料,对(2011—2013)年昆明市孕产妇梅毒检测服务流程,梅毒感染孕产妇诊断、治疗、随访,及其所生儿童诊疗服务进行回顾性分析。结果 2011年—2013年昆明市十四县市区全部开展梅毒母婴阻断工作,共检测孕产妇324 402人,发现梅毒感染孕产妇465人;梅毒感染孕产妇治疗、随访依从性差,失访率高与医务人员不掌握检测流程、治疗标准、先天梅毒诊断标准等有关。结论需加强医务人员的培训力度,制定统一检测的服务流程、诊断治疗标准,为梅毒母婴阻断项目的实施提供有力支持。     

对新生儿先天性梅毒进行产前与产后干预效果的分析

目的：探究先天性新生儿梅毒的临床现状及干预对策。方法：对壁山县人民医院2007年8月至2011年5月收治的509例梅毒孕妇进行产前干预,并对新生儿进行甲苯胺红不加热血清反应素试验（Tolidime red unheated se-rum test,TRUST）以检测先天梅毒,对疑似梅毒患儿使用梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验（Treponema pallidum particle aggluti-nation,TPPA）进一步确诊,确诊后对其进行临床观察及治疗,并分析产前有效干预对策。结果：我院2007年至2011年共检出梅毒患者5000例,2007年至2011年梅毒发病率分别为2.2%、2.4%、2.7%、2.8%及3.0%,平均发病率2.6%,经趋势卡方检验,梅毒发病率及发病人数逐年上升;509例妊娠梅毒产妇共生产536例新生儿,其中4例（0.7%）死亡,62例（11.6%）早产,37例（6.9%）皮疹,182例（34.0%）TRUST及TPPA试验均阳性新生儿,主要表现为发热、寒颤、恶心、呕吐、哭闹不安等症状,2007年至2011年新生儿发病率分别为37.5%、36.1%、33.3%、32.4%及30.7%,经趋势卡方检验,先天梅毒发病率逐年下降;182例患病新生儿均接受治疗及随访,12个月内TRUST及TPPA检测均转阴。结论：实行产前干预可有效降低新生儿先天性梅毒的发病率,配合产后新生儿护理及家属指导,能够有效提高患儿的治愈率,效果良好。为从根本上降低梅毒及先天性梅毒的发病率,应做好合理宣教、产前筛查及干预,从而保护妇女及儿童的健康,提高人口素质。     

兰州市城关区2015年至2019年梅毒孕产妇母婴阻断及随访状况分析

目的通过对2015年至2019年兰州市城关区梅毒孕产妇和儿童用药及随访数据进行分析,了解兰州市城关区预防梅毒母婴传播服务工作的实施效果。方法通过"预防艾滋病、梅毒、乙肝母婴传播管理信息系统"收集相关信息,分析梅毒孕产妇人口学特征、不良妊娠结局,分析梅毒母婴治疗情况的变化趋势及梅毒孕妇所生儿童的随访情况。结果 2015年至2019年在城关区共监测到127例梅毒孕产妇,其中在本地区分娩的梅毒产妇71例,活产儿70例,正常产儿49例,诊断先天梅毒3例;梅毒产妇治疗率、新生儿预防用药率、儿童规范用药率均呈上升趋势(P0.05),儿童随访率较高(93.02%)。结论兰州市城关区梅毒孕产妇主要为育龄且文化水平低的人群,不良妊娠结局发生率较高,梅毒母婴阻断服务和随访管理工作有待提高。     

云南省德宏州(2014～2018)年消除艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播效果研究

目的分析德宏州(2014～2018)年消除艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播效果。方法 (2014～2018)年间在德宏州所有医疗保健机构内常规收集消除艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作相关信息,通过国家预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播信息管理系统进行个案和报表数据的上报、审核和汇总;通过中国免疫规划信息管理系统获得乙肝疫苗全程接种率和乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率。经整理后,使用构成比和率对效果指标和结果指标进行计算,使用趋势卡方检验对各年间指标变化趋势进行分析。结果(2014～2018)年,德宏州共分娩产妇106 843例,接受HIV检测的产妇106 816例,接受梅毒和HBV检测产妇106 813例,HIV、梅毒和HBV检测率为99.97%;HIV感染产妇抗逆转录病毒药物治疗比例99.63%(543/545),梅毒感染产妇治疗比例为98.71%(154/155),所娩婴儿预防治疗比例为97.18%(69/71),HBV暴露新生儿乙肝免疫球蛋白注射比例为99.91%(3 407/3 410);HIV母婴传播率为1.48%,HBV母婴传播率为0.30%,8月龄～5岁儿童HBs Ag阳性检出率为0.98/10万,无先天梅毒病例报告。结论(2014～2018)年,德宏州消除艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作效果良好,已达到世界卫生组织消除艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播消除认证指标要求。建议制定关于降低HIV暴露儿童死亡和失访情况及HBV母婴传播率的综合干预措施,进一步促进消除艾滋病和乙肝母婴传播工作。     

浙江省2016—2020年梅毒流行时空特征分析

目的:分析浙江省2016—2020年梅毒疫情时空分布特征,探测聚集区域,为梅毒精准防控提供理论依据。方法:从中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病监测系统个案管理模块导出浙江省2016—2020年网络直报的梅毒病例,利用Arcgis10.2软件作为数据管理和呈现平台,建立浙江省2016—2020年梅毒空间分析数据库,对梅毒疫情...     

Syphilis among HIV-infected mothers and their infants in Texas from 1988 to 1994

BACKGROUND: Syphilis was investigated in a group of HIV-infected women and their infants. GOAL: To assess syphilis morbidity among HIV-infected women and their infants. Among women with syphilis during pregnancy, the risks for delivering an infant with congenital syphilis were assessed. STUDY DESIGN: Through the Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease project, Texas infants born to HIV-infected women were identified. After the infants were matched with their mothers, it was determined which had been reported as syphilis cases. RESULTS: In this study 18% of the HIV-infected mothers were reported as syphilis cases, most during pregnancy. Half of these mothers delivered infants (n = 49) with congenital syphilis. Inadequate prenatal care was the only significant risk for delivering an infant with congenital syphilis. The congenital syphilis rate among Texas infants of HIV-infected mothers was 48.8 per 1,000 live births. CONCLUSION: The congenital syphilis rate among Texas infants born to HIV-infected mothers was almost 50 times that of the general population.     

219例妊娠合并梅毒母婴传播阻断疗效的分析

目的探究妊娠合并梅毒感染孕妇母婴阻断对妊娠结局及胎儿预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月大连医科大学附属妇产医院行孕期产检及分娩时诊断为妊娠合并梅毒的219例病例资料,根据是否进行母婴阻断及阻断的时机,将其分为早期规范干预组(孕周期<28周)187例,晚期规范干预组(28<孕周期≤35周)5例及未干预/未规范干预组(孕周期>35周)27例。观察两组患者的妊娠结局、胎儿预后以及胎儿梅毒血清学实验。结果纳入妊娠合并梅毒219例,其中接受规范化干预的患者192例(87.7%),未发生早产、新生儿死亡、死胎事件,发生先天性梅毒2例(1.0%)。未干预/未规范干预组27例患者中发生先天梅毒6例(22.2%)、早产4例(14.8%)、新生儿死亡2例(7.4%)、死胎4例(14.8%),明显高于规范干预组(P<0.05)。低血清TRUST滴度组妊娠合并梅毒患者均未发生早产、新生儿死亡、死胎,仅发生天性梅毒2例(1.5%)。其中,先天性梅毒、早产、死胎的发生于TRUST滴度成spearman正相关,具有统计学意义(P=0.011、0.023、0.001)。结论孕期规范的青霉素干预可明显避免妊娠合并梅毒患者发生不良妊娠事件。     

Misclassification of the stages of syphilis: implications for surveillance

SHORT SUMMARY: Syphilis cases were reviewed to see if reported stages met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition. Classification was excellent for primary and secondary and good for late latent, but half of early latent and unknown duration were misclassified. New surveillance definitions are suggested, comments requested. BACKGROUND: Uncertainty when staging latent syphilis should lead clinicians to call it late latent (requires more treatment) and disease investigators to call it early latent (priority for partner investigation). Accurate surveillance requires consistent case definitions. OBJECTIVE: Assess validity of reported syphilis stages. METHODS: Record reviews in 6 jurisdictions to determine if reported cases met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definitions. RESULTS: Nine hundred seventy-three records from 6 jurisdictions in 2002 showed excellent agreement for reported primary (94.0%) and secondary (95.4%), good agreement for late latent (80.2%), and poor agreement for early latent (48.4%) and unknown duration (49.7%). Unknown duration (age < or =35 and nontreponemal test titer > or =32) was often misinterpreted to mean "not known." Early latent (within the past year, documented: seroconversion, fourfold titer increase, symptoms, or contact with an independently documented early syphilis case) was often misinterpreted to include patients with risky behavior, young age, or high nontreponemal test titers. CONCLUSIONS: The unknown duration stage should be dropped. Surveillance of latent syphilis would be more consistent if cases were reported as having high or low titers on nontreponemal test. Alternative approaches are solicited from readers.     

Early syphilis in the United States identified in corrections facilities, 1999-2002

BACKGROUND: Corrections facilities offer public health practitioners an opportunity to gain access to large numbers of persons at risk for syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases. GOALS: The goals of this study were to estimate the number of early syphilis cases (primary, secondary, early latent) identified from corrections facilities from 1999 to 2002 and to determine characteristics of persons likely to be identified with syphilis in corrections facilities. STUDY DESIGN: We determined the proportion of cases identified from corrections facilities for the entire United States using case reports by state health departments to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We calculated the proportion of cases identified in corrections facilities in the 30 counties with the largest number of cases in 2002 and determined the male-to-female syphilis rate ratios. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2002, there were 63,293 cases of early syphilis reported to the CDC, of which 61,691 (97.5%) had a known source of report. Of these, 7725 (12.5%) noted corrections facilities as the source of information. Among men, 4747 (13.0%) cases were from corrections and in women 2974 (11.8%) of cases were. We found that counties with a higher proportion of cases from corrections facilities were likely to have lower male-to-female rate ratios (r = -0.66, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of early syphilis cases is identified from corrections facilities. Among counties with the largest number of cases, a higher proportion of syphilis cases was identified from corrections facilities in counties with higher rates of heterosexually transmitted syphilis.     

Syphilis screening and intervention in 500,000 pregnant women in Shenzhen, the People's Republic of China

OBJECTIVES: To understand the disease epidemiology of syphilis in pregnant women, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the screening and intervention programme, for the purpose of controlling mother-to-child syphilis transmission in Shenzhen, in the People's Republic of China (PRC). METHODS: At the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SZCDC), we used the toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) for the primary screening of pregnant women, and confirmed positive results with the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) test. We informed and treated those with positive results. For the women who chose to proceed with the pregnancy, we clinically screened their babies for congenital syphilis using the 19S-IgM FTA-Abs test. RESULTS: Between 1 July 2002 and 31 December 2005, we screened 477,656 pregnant women for syphilis, of whom 2208 (0.5%) tested positive. From 2003 to 2005, we collected epidemiological and treatment data from 2019 positive syphilis cases. Of these, 1855 (91.9%) of the pregnant women received treatment. Among the 1020 infants born to these women, 92 (9.0%) were confirmed to have congenital syphilis. If we exclude the mothers who had syphilis positive babies without undergoing prenatal screening, the project's success rate for mother-to-child transmission intervention was 99.1%. CONCLUSIONS: After four years of implementation, we proved the programme to be successful in preventing mother-to-child syphilis transmission. Further work should be done to ensure the earlier screening and treatment of pregnant women.     

2010-2019年广西梅毒流行特征分析

目的:了解广西梅毒流行特征和趋势,为制定防控策略提供依据.方法:对广西2010-2019年通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病监测信息系统报告的梅毒病例资料进行描述性分析.结果:2010-2019年,广西梅毒年报告发病率由82.41/105降至37.24/105,年均下降8.45％;一期和二期梅毒报告发病率年均下降22....     

TPPA定量试验在胎传梅毒诊断中的应用

目的:评价梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)定量检测在胎传梅毒诊断中的作用。方法:对确诊梅毒的155例孕产妇及其所生新生儿进行TPPA和快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)定量检测,以18个月婴儿随访TPPA试验结果阳性作为胎传梅毒最终诊断标准。结果:155例新生儿经18个月随访最终确诊胎传梅毒27例。155例新生儿与其生母TPPA滴度之比≥4者14例,其中13例为胎传梅毒,灵敏度为48.15%(95%CI:29.30%~67.00%);新生儿与其生母RPR滴度之比≥4者7例,其中6例为胎传梅毒,灵敏度为22.22%(95%CI:6.54%~37.90%);两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.046)。两种方法的特异度均为99.22%。结论:TPPA定量试验较RPR定量试验可显著提高胎传梅毒的确诊率。     

Syphilis outbreak assessment

BACKGROUND: Syphilis rates began to decline in 1991 and have decreased every year since. In 1998, 6,993 cases of primary and secondary syphilis were reported in the United States, for a national incidence of 2.6 cases per 100,000 population. Although syphilis rates are at an historic low, focal outbreaks still occur. On October 7, 1999, the Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with federal and community partners, presented the National Plan for Elimination of Syphilis from the United States. One of the five key strategies of the plan is rapid outbreak response. METHODS: Methods for outbreak assessment and response were reviewed in the literature, synthesized, and adapted for use in syphilis outbreaks. RESULTS: Key elements of outbreak assessment and response are detection, surveillance data review, hypothesis generation, intervention development, and the evaluation of clinical, public health, and laboratory services. CONCLUSIONS: Outbreak response necessitates community participation and a coordinated interdisciplinary effort to determine social and behavioral contributors to the outbreak and to develop targeted interventions.     

Congenital syphilis in the Russian Federation: magnitude,determinants, and consequences

OBJECTIVES: Reported cases of congenital syphilis in the Russian Federation increased 26-fold from 1991-9. Our objectives were to describe the frequency, risk factors, and consequences of delivering an infant with congenital syphilis among pregnant women with active syphilis. METHODS: In a retrospective record review using consecutive sampling of logs at maternity hospitals in five geographic areas, data were abstracted for 850 women with active syphilis during pregnancy who had completed >/=20 weeks' gestation. Further information was abstracted from records in antenatal clinics, dermatovenereology clinics, and paediatric hospitals. We assessed the frequency of confirmed or probable congenital syphilis, used logistic modelling to identify independent predictors for delivering a baby with congenital syphilis, and calculated the proportion of infants with congenital syphilis who experienced late fetal death (20-27 weeks), stillbirth (>/=28 weeks), or infant death. RESULTS: A total of 64% (n=544) of 850 pregnant syphilis infected women delivered an infant with confirmed or probable congenital syphilis; 40% of the sample had no prenatal care. Among women with no prenatal care, 77% received either no treatment or inadequate treatment and 86% delivered an infant with congenital syphilis. Important independent and modifiable risk factors for delivery of an infant with congenital syphilis included receiving no prenatal care (adjusted OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.7 to 4.7) and having the first test for syphilis at >/=28 weeks' gestation (adjusted OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.6 to 6.0). Fatal outcomes were observed in 26% of infants with congenital syphilis, including late fetal death (7%), stillbirth (16%), or neonatal death (3%). CONCLUSIONS: In the Russian Federation, the frequency of congenital syphilis is high, risk factors for congenital syphilis are modifiable, and the consequences of congenital syphilis are severe.     

Prenatal syphilis screening rates measured using medicaid claims and electronic medical records

BACKGROUND: To prevent congenital syphilis, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and professional organizations recommend universal prenatal syphilis screening. State-level or larger-scale evaluations of adherence to these guidelines have relied on administrative data. We measured prenatal syphilis screening rates in Indiana women with prenatal Medicaid coverage and also used electronic medical records to examine the completeness of syphilis screening claims in Medicaid administrative data. METHODS: In statewide Indiana Medicaid claims data, diagnosis and procedure codes were used to identify women who delivered an infant between October 1, 1998, and September 30, 2002. Claims for prenatal (that is, during the 40 weeks before and including the delivery date) syphilis screens, including the "obstetric panel" of tests, and for prenatal visits were extracted. A subset of the study population received prenatal care in a large public hospital and its affiliated clinics served by an electronic medical records system. For these women, claims data were compared with laboratory reports. RESULTS: Among 74,188 women with one delivery in Medicaid claims data, 60% had at least 1 prenatal syphilis screening claim, and 15% had 2 or more. Women with continuous Medicaid enrollment during pregnancy or with at least one prenatal visit claim had higher rates. Among the 3960 women for whom Medicaid claims and laboratory data were available, 49.8% had at least one prenatal syphilis screen in Medicaid claims, but 99.3% had at least one laboratory report of a syphilis screen. CONCLUSIONS: Measurements made using Medicaid administrative data appear to substantially underestimate true prenatal syphilis screening rates.