泸州市中学生对婚前性行为态度及影响因素分析

  目的  分析安徽省未婚女性月经初潮年龄与首次性行为年龄的关联。  方法  于2019年4月 — 2021年6月,在安徽省16个地区妇幼保健机构选取28899名参加婚前检查的未婚女性为调查对象,采用问卷调查获得初潮年龄和首次性行为年龄等相关信息,并采用多因素logistic回归模型分析女性月经初潮年龄与首次性行为年龄的关联。  结果  安徽省未婚女性月经初潮年龄提前（ ≤ 12岁）和推迟（ ≥ 15岁）的检出率分别为37.2 %和14.0 %。首次性行为年龄 ≤ 14（过早性行为）、15～17、18～20、 ≥ 21岁所占的比例分别为0.2 %、4.5 %、26.8 %和68.4 %。多因素logistic回归分析显示,在控制了混杂因素后,与月经初潮年龄正常女性相比,初潮年龄提前组发生过早性行为（OR = 2.721,95 % CI = 1.626～4.533）、15～17岁性行为（OR = 1.645,95 % CI = 1.456～1.860）和18～20岁性行为（OR = 1.155,95 % CI = 1.088～1.227）的风险增加;初潮年龄推迟组发生过早性行为（OR = 0.230,95 % CI = 0.054～0.979）,15～17岁性行为（OR = 0.573,95 % CI = 0.465～0.707）和18～20岁性行为（OR = 0.812,95 % CI = 0.745～0.885）的风险降低。  结论  安徽省女性初潮年龄与婚前首次性行为年龄之间存在显著正向关联。     

中国城市女性绝经年龄影响因素调查

  目的  了解河北省成年女性绝经前、后代谢综合征（MS）的患病情况及其危险因素构成,为慢性病防控人员制定相应的综合防治措施提供参考依据。  方法  采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,于2015年10 — 12月在河北省13个监测点抽取3 751名≥18岁成年女性进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测;应用Amos 21.0构建MS的4种因子模型,采用验证性因子分析方法对绝经前、后2组成年女性人群进行拟合评价,得出适合2组人群的危险因素模式。  结果  河北省绝经后成年女性年龄、腰围、体质指数、腰高比、收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压（MAP）、空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA₁c）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和TG/HDL-C均较绝经前成年女性升高,身高较绝经前成年女性降低,差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。河北省成年女性MS患病率为26.55 %,绝经前患病率为17.63 %,绝经后患病率为45.53 %,绝经后成年女性MS患病率高于绝经前,差异有统计学意义（χ² = 188.926,P < 0.001）。验证性因子分析结果显示,模型2与绝经前成年女性适配程度较好[χ² = 11.271,P = 0.004,残差均方和平方根（RMR）= 0.001,渐进残差均方和平方根（RMSEA）= 0.049,适配度指数（GFI）= 0.997,Akaike讯息效标（AIC）= 27.271,Bayes讯息效标（BIC）= 71.106,AIC指标调整值（CAIC）= 79.106,期望跨效度指数（ECVI）= 0.015,90 % CI ECVI = 0.011～0.024],模型1与绝经后成年女性适配程度较好（χ² = 4.312,P = 0.116,RMR = 0.043,RMSEA = 0.024,GFI = 0.999,AIC = 20.312,BIC = 65.038,CAIC = 73.038,ECVI = 0.010,90 % CI ECVI = 0.009～0.015）。多因素分析结果显示,腰高比、TG、FPG、收缩压4个因素的单因子模型为绝经前成年女性危险因素的主要构成,其中TG因素负荷量为0.62（> 0.50）,能解释模型的主要特征;腰围、TG/HDL-C、FPG和MAP 4个因素的单因子模型为绝经后成年女性危险因素的主要构成,其中腰围因素负荷量为0.56（ > 0.50）,能解释模型的主要特征。  结论  河北省绝经后成年女性MS患病率较高,且绝经前、后2组成年女性人群适用于不同因子构成的单因素模型,应根据2个人群MS患病的不同特征及早采取预防和干预措施。     

中国人骨质疏松症诊断标准专家共识(第三稿·2014版)

  目的  了解河北省20～80岁汉族居民跟骨骨密度水平及其影响因素,为改善骨骼健康状况、预防骨质疏松症提供参考依据。  方法  于2017年7 — 8月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法在河北省抽取3707名20～80岁汉族居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和跟骨骨密度测量。  结果  河北省3707名20～80岁汉族居民中,男性1518人（40.95 %）,女性2189人（59.05 %）。河北省不同性别20～80岁汉族居民比较,男性居民跟骨宽波段超声衰减（BUA）值[（74.42 ± 20.30）dB/MHz]高于女性居民[（71.91 ± 22.28）dB/MHz]（t = 3.56,P < 0.001）,在校正了年龄、体质指数（BMI）和居住地后,男性居民BUA值[（74.32 ± 0.53）dB/MHz]仍高于女性居民[（72.00 ± 0.44）dB/MHz]（t = 11.23,P < 0.001）。多因素线性回归分析结果显示,年龄30～80岁和目前吸烟是河北省男性20～80岁汉族居民跟骨骨密度的危险因素;年龄50～80岁、戒酒和已绝经是河北省女性20～80岁汉族居民跟骨骨密度的危险因素,超重、肥胖、中学文化程度和目前饮酒是河北省女性20～80岁汉族居民跟骨骨密度的保护因素。  结论  河北省20～80岁汉族居民跟骨骨密度受年龄、月经等生理因素和吸烟、饮酒等生活方式的影响。     

柳州地区成年女性压力性尿失禁患病率及影响因素分析

目的 研究柳州地区成年女性压力性尿失禁（stress urinary incontinence,SUI）的患病率以及其影响因素。方法 随机选择于柳州市及辖区6个县7个妇幼保健院体检的20岁及以上女性作为研究对象,采用自制调查问卷和体格检查,用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析方法探究SUI的影响因素。结果 柳州地区成年女性SUI患病率为18.0%。年龄大（OR=1.671,95%CI：1.381~2.023,P<0.001）、重体力劳动量（OR=1.962,95%CI：1.484~2.595,P<0.001）、多产次（OR=1.537,95%CI：1.247~1.894,P<0.001）、绝经女性（OR=2.206,95%CI：1.161~4.192,P=0.016）和较高的体质指数（body mass index,BMI）（OR=1.779,95%CI：1.420~2.299,P<0.001）为尿失禁的危险因素;而相对于汉族人群,苗族（OR=0.313,95%CI：0.164~0.597,P<0.001）和其他少数民族（OR=0.436,95%CI：0.256~0.744,P=0.002）人群尿失禁风险较低。结论 柳州地区成年女性SUI的患病率比较高,应针对高风险人群进行有针对性的宣传教育及治疗。     

我国中老年人超重、肥胖变化情况及影响因素分析

  目的  分析女性自然绝经年龄提前或推迟与绝经后肥胖的相关性,为绝经后女性健康保健提供参考。  方法  从2017年11月 — 2020年1月广州中老年人慢性病前瞻性队列研究基线调查中选取5 646名 ≥ 50岁广州自然绝经女性为研究对象,收集基线的一般人口特征指标和女性生理数据,检测肥胖相关指标;对基线横断面数据采用SPSS 25.0版的广义线性模型、多因素logistic回归模型和STATA 16.0版的限制性立方样条分析模型进行数据分析。  结果  5 646名研究对象平均年龄（60.0 ± 5.8）岁,平均绝经年龄（50.3 ± 3.1）岁;自然绝经年龄与肥胖呈近“U”型关联;调整相关混杂因素后,与自然绝经年龄正常者相比,绝经年龄提前增加以腰围（OR = 1.32,95 % CI = 1.03～1.69）、腰臀比（OR = 1.32,95 % CI = 1.06～1.64）判定的中心性肥胖风险和以体质指数（BMI）（OR = 1.39,95 % CI = 1.13～1.71）判定的超重肥胖风险;绝经年龄推迟者增加以腰围（OR = 1.34,95 % CI = 1.11～1.63）、腰臀比（OR = 1.41,95 % CI = 1.19～1.68）判定的中心性肥胖风险和以BMI（OR = 1.49,95 % CI = 1.26～1.76）判定的超重肥胖风险。  结论  自然绝经年龄提前或推迟均与绝经后肥胖的患病风险增加相关。建议自然绝经年龄提前或推迟的中老年女性多注意强肌训练和平衡饮食,适当控制以提供能量为主的食物摄入。     

河南省35～74岁人群糖尿病患病率及相关因素分析

目的 了解河南省35～74岁人群糖尿病流行现状并探讨相关危险因素,为糖尿病三级预防提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,按照地理经济水平随机抽取河南省35～74岁常住居民进行调查,调查方法包括问卷调查、体格检查和生化检测,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析影响糖尿病患病的相关危险因素。结果 共纳入研究对象9 983人,全人群、男性和女性糖尿病患病率分别为11.22%（标化率11.21%）、11.83%（标化率11.77%）和10.75%（标化率10.82%）。糖尿病患病率随年龄增长而增加,从性别来看,男性和女性糖尿病患病率差异无统计学意义,男性35～岁组糖尿病患病率均高于女性,而65～74岁组糖尿病患病率低于女性,差异有统计学意义（χ²=12.470,P<0.001;χ²=4.188,P=0.041）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、性别、中心性肥胖、高脂血症、高血压和家族史是影响糖尿病患病的独立危险因素,差异均具有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。结论 河南省35～74岁人群糖尿病患病率较高,不良生活方式和肥胖是主要危险因素,应加强这部分人群行为干预,倡导健康生活方式,限酒减重,防控糖尿病的发生。     

江苏省不同血糖水平人群心血管病危险因素聚集分析

目的  了解江苏省社区不同血糖水平人群主要心血管病危险因素的聚集状况。 方法  2015-2017年在江苏省6个项目点开展以社区人群为基础的筛查项目,共有83 522名35~75岁常住居民纳入本次研究。计算我省中老年人群高血压、肥胖、血脂异常和吸烟4类心血管危险因素的流行率及聚集性,采用非条件Logistic回归分析不同血糖水平与心血管病危险因素聚集风险之间的关系。 结果  江苏省35~75岁居民糖尿病患病率18.9%,其中知晓患病的比例为41.4%。在未知患病人群中,空腹血糖受损和高血糖人群心血管病危险因素聚集的风险分别是正常人群的1.29倍（OR=1.29,95% CI：1.24~1.36,P < 0.001）和1.99倍（OR=1.99,95% CI：1.89~2.08,P < 0.001）。在已知患病人群中,血糖控制率为15.5%,血糖控制与心血管病危险因素聚集并无关联。 结论  高血糖和空腹血糖受损增加成人心血管病危险因素聚集风险,应及时对糖尿病高危人群采取综合干预措施控制血糖。     

广州市成人非酒精性脂肪性肝病患病分析

目的探讨健康体检人群中非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患病及相关危险因素,为临床预防及控制提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查研究方法,以810名健康体检人群为研究对象,收集相关的临床资料进行统计学分析。结果 NAFLD患病142例,总患病率为17.5%,男性98例,患病率为20.9%,女性44例,患病率为12.9%,不同性别间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,体质指数、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、舒张压、年龄、谷丙转氨酶、饮食习惯及运动锻炼与NAFLD发病有关(P<0.05)。结论广州市成人NAFLD患病率较高;超重或肥胖,甘油三酯、空腹血糖、舒张压及谷丙转氨酶升高,年龄较大、高脂饮食及缺乏运动锻炼是NAFLD患病的独立危险因素。     

电离辐射对放射工作人员心血管系统的影响

目的 探讨放射工作者长期小剂量接触放射线对心血管系统的影响,为今后放射防护工作提供依据。方法 选择克拉玛依市放射作业609人为观察组,在同一地区随机抽取202人非职业病危害因素接触者作为对照组,进行血压、血常规、血糖、血脂(生化法)生理生化检查。结果 克拉玛依市放射工作人员检查结果异常率为:心电图21.67%,血压14.94%,观察组与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);不同剂量组之间心电图异常率的差异,有统计学意义(P < 0.05);观察组血糖、血脂生化指标不同年龄组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01),随着年龄的增大,测定均值逐渐增大。结论 长期小剂量的接触放射线对心血管系统影响不大,但当个人年剂量大于5 mSv时,对心血管有一定的影响。     

南京市26 788名体检人群甲状腺结节检出率及影响因素分析

目的 通过对大样本健康体检人群进行甲状腺超声检查,分析甲状腺结节的检出率及其危险因素,以期对甲状腺癌的早期防范提供线索。方法 收集2018年1月至2020年5月于南京某医院体检中心行甲状腺超声检查的体检者临床资料,采用单、多因素方法进行分析。结果 26 788例体检者中检出甲状腺结节6 965例,总体检出率为26.0%,其中男性检出率为21.7%,女性检出率为41. 4%,女性检出率明显高于男性（χ²=919.785,P<0.01）。随着年龄的增长甲状腺结节检出率显著增加（P<0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示女性（OR=3.075）、年龄越大（OR=1.066）、空腹血糖异常（OR=1.136）、血压异常（OR=1.151）为罹患甲状腺结节的影响因素。结论 女性、高龄、血糖异常、血压异常是甲状腺结节的危险因素,甲状腺结节的发病可能与代谢异常有关,对代谢异常人群早期筛查可尽早发现甲状腺结节并采取防治措施。     

武汉地区女性乳腺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨武汉地区女性乳腺癌的危险因素及其变化情况。方法 以病例对照研究方法,对经病理确诊的213例乳腺癌患者及430例匹配对照进行危险因素的条件logistic回归分析。结果 单因素分析显示:文化程度、乳腺良性肿瘤、初潮年龄、绝经年龄、肉类摄入量、油炸烧烤食物摄入、豆类食品摄入、水果摄入、哺乳时间。体重指数、10～19岁胸透次数、精神心理因素等28项因素与乳腺癌的危险性有关。联合多因素及分组多因素条件1ogistic回归分析显示:文化程度高、精神创伤、乳腺良性肿瘤史、绝经晚、行经年数和初产前行经年数长、体重指数高、常食油炸烧烤和烟熏腊制食物为乳腺癌的危险因素;初潮晚、哺乳时间长、豆类或水果摄入量高、常饮茶为保护因素。绝经前与绝经后的危险因素种类及效应强度有一定差别。经多因素分析,绝经前主要相关因素为乳腺良性肿瘤、初潮年龄、豆类摄入量;绝经后主要与绝经年龄、体重指数、腰臀比和水果摄入量有关。另外,精神创伤及哺乳时间为绝经前后共同的危险因素和保护因素。结论 武汉地区女性乳腺癌危险因素中,饮食习惯和内源性雌激素暴露等相关因素起着重要作用。     

Population-based study of age at menopause and ultrasound assessed carotid atherosclerosis: The Tromsø Study

Early menopause has been associated with higher prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease and death than late menopause, indicating that early loss of ovarian function and subsequent deficiency of estrogen may promote such diseases. No population-based studies have, however, examined the relation between age at menopause and atherosclerosis. We assessed the prevalence and the extent of carotid atherosclerosis by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound in 2588 postmenopausal women who participated in a population health survey. Information about age at menopause and menarche, parity, use of hormone replacement therapy, and prevalent diseases was collected, and cardiovascular risk factor levels were measured. Women with late menopause and women who ever had used postmenopausal estrogens had significantly less atherosclerosis than women with early menopause and those with never use of estrogen. This study provides further support for the hypothesis that estrogen protects women against cardiovascular disease.     

Association of age at menarche with cardiovascular risk factors, vascular structure, and function in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether age at menarche is an independent determinant of future cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether menarcheal age is an independent predictor of body mass index (BMI) and a wide range of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence and adulthood. DESIGN: We examined the associations of menarcheal age with BMI (in kg/m(2)) and other cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence and adulthood in a population-based sample of 794 female adolescents aged 9-18 y at baseline. Their age at first menstruation was requested at baseline and again 3 and 6 y later. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed at baseline and at age 30-39 y. RESULTS: A 1-y decrease in menarcheal age was associated with 0.81 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.08) higher adult BMI as well as greater waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, elevated systolic blood pressure, higher insulin resistance, and greater risk of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05 for all). In multivariable analysis in which these adult risk factors were mutually adjusted for, only the inverse association between age at menarche and adult BMI remained. However, this inverse association was lost after adjustment for premenarcheal BMI (beta: -0.16; 95% CI -0.55, 0.23; P = 0.42). Higher premenarcheal BMI predicted earlier menarche, and the strong association between premenarcheal BMI and adult BMI was robust to adjustment for age at menarche. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that early menarche is only a risk marker. Greater childhood BMI seems to contribute to earlier age at menarche and, because of tracking, greater adult BMI and associated cardiovascular risk. An independent effect of early menarche on adult adiposity cannot be excluded, but it is likely to be small at best.     

Reproductive Factors and Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Women: An Analysis in the Nurses’ Health Study II

BackgroundThe incidence of thyroid cancer in women is increasing at an alarming rate, with greatest risk in the reproductive years. Establishing relationships of hormonally related reproductive factors with thyroid cancer has been difficult. We aimed to elucidate potential risk factors for thyroid cancer in a large cohort of women.MethodsAmong 116,228 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II followed from 1989 to 2013, 620 cases of thyroid cancer were identified. We examined reproductive and hormone-related factors, including age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, oral contraceptive use, and postmenopausal hormone therapy use. Pregnancy, reproductive years, and months of breastfeeding were used as surrogate markers for exposure to endogenous reproductive hormones. We used multivariable Cox models to calculate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between these factors and risk of thyroid cancer.ResultsNumber of reproductive years of 41 years or more was associated with more than double the risk of thyroid cancer compared with 30 years or fewer (relative risk, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–4.06). The other variables analyzed (parity number, months of breastfeeding, age at menarche, menopausal status, and postmenopausal hormone therapy) were not associated with the risk of thyroid cancer. Women who entered menopause at age 45 years or older had a higher risk of thyroid cancer compared with women who entered menopause at a younger age. This result did not reach statistical significance; however, there was a linear trend between later age at menopause and increased risk of thyroid cancer (p_trend = .009).ConclusionsThis study used a unique large, longitudinal dataset to assess thyroid cancer risk factors and potential confounders over an extended time frame. Our key finding suggests increased risk of thyroid cancer may be associated with a variety of indicators of longer reproductive years. The Nurses’ Health Study II has provided new insights into the hormonal risks associated with thyroid cancer.     

Hormonal and reproductive factors and the risk of bladder cancer in women

Gender and cigarette smoking are among the most consistent predictors of bladder cancer risk. After adjustment for known risk factors, an excess risk remains for males, suggesting that other factors may be responsible for the gender differences. Given limited data on hormonal or reproductive factors and bladder cancer risk, the authors examined these factors among women in the US Nurses' Health Study cohort. During 26 years of follow-up (1976-2002), 336 incident cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals between hormonal and reproductive factors and bladder cancer risk. Postmenopausal women, compared with premenopausal women, were at increased risk (incidence rate ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.99, 3.78). For postmenopausal women, early age at menopause (/=50 years) was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of bladder cancer (incidence rate ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 2.23). The association between age at menopause and bladder cancer risk was modified by cigarette smoking status (p for interaction = 0.01). The authors observed no significant associations of age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, and exogenous hormone use with bladder cancer risk. Findings suggest that menopausal status and age at menopause may play a role in modifying bladder cancer risk among women.     

Early menopause, number of reproductive years, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES. Previous studies have reported positive associations of age at menopause with bone density and inverse associations of age at menarche with bone density. This study examined the relationships of early age at menopause and number of reproductive years (defined as age at menopause minus age at menarche) with bone density in postmenopausal women. METHODS. The subjects were 555 women aged 60 to 89 years who had had either natural menopause (n = 391) or hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy (n = 164). Bone density was measured at the ultradistal wrist, midshaft radius, lumbar spine, and hip. RESULTS. Women who had had early menopause and those with the fewest reproductive years had significantly lower bone density at all sites. After adjustment for covariates, both age at menopause and number of reproductive years had significant positive associations with bone density at every site, and total number of reproductive years explained more of the variance in bone mineral density than did either age at menarche or age at menopause. CONCLUSIONS. Elderly women reporting early menopause or fewer reproductive years have more osteoporosis. The number of reproductive years may be more helpful than age at menopause in identifying women at increased risk of osteoporosis.     

Coexistence of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease risk factors in apparently healthy, untreated postmenopausal women

This study aimed to determine whether apparently healthy, untreated postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporosis relative to nonmenopausal women are concomitantly at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in terms of various aspects of lifestyle, personality, body shape and composition, and blood chemistry. Two homogeneous groups of 30 women having reached menopause for 3-5 years and 30 nonmenopausal controls, all non-estrogen users without apparent CVD risk factors, were compared in a cross-sectional design. Data related to physical activity, dietary intakes, personality type, anthropometry, and skinfold-thickness were collected. Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and serum lipids were measured and used as biochemical predictors of osteoporosis and CVD, respectively. Compared to nonmenopausal controls, postmenopausal women were at greater risk of bone loss given their lower plasma IGF-1, lower physical activity level, and even given their higher serum lipids, as recent literature suggests. Moreover, their dietary calcium intake fulfilled only 70% of the current recommendation, which may reduce protection against osteoporosis and CVD (particularly hypertension) as well. The two groups did not differ regarding energy intake, body weight and frame size, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio (WHR). However, postmenopausal subjects had more adipose tissue and differed in terms of lifestyle factors (lower dietary lipids and greater alcohol consumption). While neither group was at particular risk of CVD according to waist circumference, WHR, and serum triglycerides, postmenopausal women were at risk according to percent body adiposity and serum cholesterol. This study shows that several risk factors for osteoporosis and CVD can coexist in apparently healthy postmenopausal women after a few years of natural menopause. It emphasizes the need for a timely screening that would stress both heart and bone risk factors.     

心血管危险因素对动脉僵硬度的影响

目的探讨心血管危险因素与动脉僵硬度的相关性。方法对486例体检者进行心血管危险因素调查和测定脉搏波速度(PWV)。结果相关分析显示收缩压(r=0.426,P=0.001)、脉压(r=0.381,P=0.002)、年龄(r=0.356,P=0.002)、血糖(r=0.262,P=0.035),甘油三酯(r=0.215,P=0.038)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=0.192,P=0.042)等心血管主要危险因素与PWV呈显著正相关。结论PWV与心血管危险因素有较高的相关性,对心血管事件的预测有一定价值。     

The association of body fat distribution with lifestyle and reproductive factors in women aged 45-54 in Kinmen County, Republic of China

This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinmen County, R.O.C. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence Chinese women's body fat distribution, including demographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and anthropometric variables. Participants were 1310 women aged 45-54 years. We measured waist/hip ratio (WHR), age, education level, occupation, alcohol consumption, diet, physical exercise, smoking, age at menarche, parity, menopausal status, age at menopause, and obesity (body mass index, BMI). Lower BMI, premenopausal status, and higher education level were primary correlated factors of gynecoid pattern body fat distribution. Higher BMI and postmenopausal status were the main correlated factors of android pattern body fat distribution. Lifestyle factors did not show any significant association with body fat distribution. As in Western countries, overall obesity and menopausal status are the determinants of body fat distribution. Controlling overall obesity is the key factor that can be addressed in public education programs to reduce the risk of high WHR, which plays an important role in the development of some chronic diseases.