基于厦门健康步道的人群身体活动现状及影响因素

目的 了解“厦门山海健康步道”的使用情况、使用者身体活动现状及影响因素,为指导健康步道建设提供参考依据。方法 2021-01/02采用偶遇抽样的方法,对健康步道沿线出入口共591名步道使用者采用拦截式调查的方式填写问卷,并综合运用SPSS 22.0软件对问卷数据进行描述性统计、χ²检验和Logistic回归分析。结果 调查共获得有效问卷586份,结果显示：46.9%(275/586)的被调查者每周有3～5 d使用步道,28.30%(166/586)的人每周有1～2 d使用步道,身体活动活跃人数189人(32.25%)。全年龄段使用者以快走为主的人数比例均高于采用散步和慢跑的方式。不同性别(χ²=21.780,P<0.001)、年龄(χ²=60.522,P<0.001)、文化程度(χ²=12.518,P=0.002)、职业(χ²=35.515,P<0.001)以及婚姻状态(χ²=6.299,P=0.012)的身体活动水平差异均有统计学意义。...     

上海市金山区健康步道使用观察结果分析

目的为了解居民对健康步道的使用情况及影响因素,为科学指导健康步道的建设提供参考。方法采用直接观察法对上海市郊区位于小区、公园、广场、道路边4种类型的健康步道及居民步行情况进行观察。结果共观察7451人次,其中男性3358人次(45.1%),女性4093人次(54.9%);不同年龄段使用人群差异有统计学意义(P0.001),20~59岁年龄组最多,占57.5%,其次为60岁及以上的年龄组占36.3%,不同时段使用健康步道有差异(P0.05),傍晚高于早晨;不同区域健康步道的使用有差异(P0.001),锻炼区域上使用人次数比例由高到低依次为广场、道路、公园、小区;不同空气质量状况下使用有差异(P0.05),空气质量越好使用人次数越多。健康步道步行人次数与步道的照明、路面的可用性、健康步道的长度、介绍运动好处标识和提醒与激励标识等呈正相关,相关系数(r)分别为0.339、0.289、0.210、0.371、0.349;健康步道步行人次数与机动车可进入、空气质量AQI指数呈负相关,相关系数(r)分别为-0.247、-0.273。结论中老年人群是健康步道使用的主要人群,健康步道的使用受其所在的区域、空气质量、时段、配套设施等因素影响。     

杨浦区中老年人群腰椎骨量减少现状及相关因素研究

目的 探讨杨浦区中老年人群腰椎骨量减少现状并分析相关因素,为制定针对性预防干预措施提供依据。方法 以2019年1月1日至2020年12月31日在上海市某医院体检中心进行健康体检的≥45岁人群作为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查、血钙、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）及腰椎骨密度检测,从健康体检结果中提取体格检查及血生化检测结果,采用描述流行病学分析方法对腰椎骨量减少现状进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对中老年人群腰椎骨量减少发生的影响因素进行分析。结果 本研究共获得1 826名杨浦区≥45岁健康体检者资料,男性占38.61 %,女性占61.39 %。年龄以45~75岁。 1 826名中老年人群中,1 186例腰椎骨量减少,减少检出率为64.95%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果发现年龄越大（OR=4.057）、有骨折史（OR=2.854）的≥45岁健康体检人群腰椎骨量减少可能性较大,ALP>70 mmol/L（OR=0.325）、每天运动≥1 h（OR=0.337）的≥45岁健康体检人群腰椎骨量减少可能性较小。结论 中老年人群易受年龄、运动等因素影响,腰椎骨量减少检出率较高,实际生活中需通过多种途径强化运动、体重等方面管理,最大限度改善腰椎骨密度,降低骨质疏松发生风险。     

1997—2009年我国9省区18～49岁成年居民身体活动状况及变化趋势研究

目的研究1997—2009年我国9省区18~49岁成年居民身体活动状况及变化趋势。方法利用＂中国健康与营养调查＂资料中选取1997、2000、2004、2006和2009年5轮调查有完整身体活动数据的18~49岁健康成年居民25 507人作为研究对象,计算该人群每周身体活动量。结果男、女性成年居民身体活动量从1997年的358.7 metabolic equivalent-hours（MET-hrs）/周和403.1 MET-hrs/周分别下降至2009年的255.8 METhrs/周和249.0 MET-hrs/周;城市、农村成年居民身体活动量从1997年的311.1 MET-hrs/周和416.9 MET-hrs/周分别下降至2009年的181.4 MET-hrs/周和285.3 MET-hrs/周,男性、女性、城市、农村成年居民身体活动量在不同调查年间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。成年居民以静态活动为主要休闲方式的人群比例从1997年的89.0%升高至2009年的91.2%;以步行和骑自行车为主要出行方式的人群比例从1997年的70.0%下降至2009年的47.1%,成年居民休闲方式及出行方式的人群比例在不同调查年间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论我国9省区18~49岁成年居民身体活动量发生显著变化,该人群身体活动量的大幅度下降值得关注。     

宁波市城区居民身体运动现状调查

[目的]运用健康促进中的阶段变化理论来了解宁波市城区居民的身体运动现状,并制定和实施促进身体运动的策略。[方法]用多阶段随机抽样的方法,对城市6区的2400名15～69岁居民进行问卷调查。[结果]按照CDC/ACSM的推荐的运动量标准(每周至少5d,每天进行至少30min的中等强度身体运动或每周至少3d,每天进行至少20min的剧烈身体运动),城区居民的身体运动率为77.4%。大多数居民(54.0%)对自身的身体运动能进行准确的评价,大部分的居民处于身体运动的维持阶段或无打算阶段。[结论]根据现状,可有目的地开展一些休闲和放松式的锻炼项目,宣传适量运动的益处,营造运动时尚,创造支持性环境。     

江苏省苏中地区≥45岁体检人群2型糖尿病认知水平研究

目的 分析江苏省苏中地区≥45岁体检人群糖尿病认知水平及其影响因素。方法 以2020年12月在江苏省苏北某医院进行体检的≥45岁人群作为研究对象进行糖尿病相关知识问卷调查,采用描述性分析方法对糖尿病相关知识认知水平进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对糖尿病相关知识认知影响因素进行分析。结果 纳入研究493名≥45岁健康体检者,男女性别比为0.92：1,年龄45~79岁,45~60岁占57.0%,BMI以18.5~23.9 kg/m²所占比例最高（49.9%）。糖尿病防治基本知识、膳食治疗知识、运动知识、药物和心理知识、防治行为方面评分分别为（29.56±7.91）、（17.63±5.82）、（15.34±4.16）、（10.80±2.47）、（20.34±5.12）分,总分为（91.57±11.48）分,处于中等水平。多因素分析结果显示年龄（β'=-0.019）、学历（β'=0.528）、居住情况（夫妻共同居住β'=0.132、夫妻及子女共同居住β'=0.292）、糖尿病家族史（β'=0.391）、糖尿病患病情况（β'=0.480）、其他基础疾病（β'=-0.094）是≥45岁健康体检者糖尿病认知水平的影响因素。结论 江苏省苏中地区≥45岁健康体检者糖尿病相关知识认知水平处于中等水平,其受到多种因素影响,应针对性采取干预措施,提高≥45岁人群2型糖尿病认知水平,降低糖尿病发病风险。     

成都市323名公务员体重控制相关知识、行为现状分析

目的了解成都市公务员群体超重、肥胖情况及对体重控制的认知、相关行为,为开展职业人群体重控制提供依据。方法使用中国健康教育中心制订的《中国城市职业人群体重控制知信行调查问卷》,调查成都市18~45岁正式在编在职的政府行政部门的管理人员和工作人员,同时现场测量被调查者的身高、体重、腰围。结果共调查323名公务员,其中男性161人(49.85%)、女性162人(50.15%)。被调查者中超重率和肥胖率分别为19.20%和4.95%,男性均高于女性;77.71%的人知道肥胖是一种病;93.81%的人认为应该控制体重;听说过体重指数并能正确计算的占15.48%;认同超重和肥胖会带来疾病的占84.21%;每周锻炼身体超过3次的占9.29%,75.23%的调查对象平均每日静坐时间在6~12h,很少或从不测量过体重的占19.2%。结论必须有针对性的普及健康教育知识,提高其自我保健意识,改变久坐、运动少等不健康生活方式,预防公务员群体各种慢性病的发生和发展。     

三亚市机关事业单位45~60岁人群代谢综合征现状及影响因素

目的 调查三亚市机关事业单位45~60岁人群代谢综合征流行病学现状并分析其影响因素。方法 以三亚市机关事业单位45~60岁人群为研究对象进行问卷调查,从研究对象健康体检结果中收集身高、体重、腰围（WC）、臀围（HC）、血压、血脂、空腹血糖等结果。采用描述流行病学分析方法对该人群代谢综合征发生情况进行分析,并对代谢综合征影响因素进行单、多因素分析。结果 共对2 123名三亚市机关事业单位45~60岁人群进行研究,男女性别比为1.24∶1,年龄45~60岁,代谢综合征发生率为37.78%。多因素Logistic分析分析,结果显示,男性（OR=1.714）、年龄越大（OR=1.677）、吸烟（OR=3.655）、饮食结构荤食为主（OR=2.002）是代谢综合征的危险因素,规律体育锻炼（OR=0.366）是代谢综合征的保护因素。结论 三亚市机关事业单位45~60岁人群代谢综合征的患病率较高。在干预过程中应加大对该类人群的宣传教育,并指导中年人群,尤其是男性人群调节饮食结构、督促患者戒烟、加强锻炼等以预防代谢综合征的发生。     

郑州市居民髋骨骨折相关影响因素分析

目的 探讨≥50岁人群髋骨骨折影响因素,为后续预防措施的制定和实施提供参考依据。方法 以2016—2017年郑州市某医院骨科就诊的髋骨骨折患者为研究对象（病例组）,按同性别、年龄 ± 1岁选取同期同医院体检中心体检的健康人群为对照组,对2组人群进行问卷调查,内容包括调查对象年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业（或退休前职业）、收入水平、既往骨折情况、吸烟情况、每日饮酒量、乳制品食用情况、钙补充剂使用情况、每日运动时间。采用单、多因素分析方法对2组人群的人群特征及髋骨骨折相关因素进行分析。结果 本研究共纳入460例髋骨骨折患者（病例组）和460名健康体检者（对照组）,男、女性别比均为1.11∶1。病例组年龄50~82岁,平均（65.6 ± 5.7）岁,对照组50~81岁,平均年龄（64.4 ± 6.7）岁,2组人群平均年龄、性别构成差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。既往骨折史（OR=3.330）、未婚/离异/丧偶（OR=1.966）的≥50岁人群发生髋骨骨折的风险更大,文化程度越高（OR=0.883）、乳制品食用情况≥5次/周（OR=0.498）、规律服用钙补充剂（OR=0.242）、每天运动时间越长（OR=0.183）的≥50岁人群发生髋骨骨折的风险较小。结论 郑州市≥50岁人群髋骨骨折发生影响因素较多,该人群应注意加强饮食及体育锻炼,同时应加强对该人群的健康指导及健康教育,提高该人群健康信念及自我效能感,减少不良事件的发生及以降低跌倒或骨折发生风险。     

校外青少年生殖健康高危行为与社会心理因素关系

目的 了解云南、深圳两地校外青少年生殖健康相关行为的发生状况,探讨影响生殖健康高危行为发生的社会心理学因素。方法 采用非概率抽样中的偶遇抽样方法,于2012年5—6月对云南和深圳两地862名15~24岁的校外青少年进行生殖健康、社会支持、总体幸福感、自尊相关情况的问卷调查。结果 校外青少年中与异性有过牵手、拥抱、接吻、抚摸身体、性交行为的比例分别为92.5%、85.7%、75.9%、60.2%和54.5%;在发生性行为的校外青少年中,最近一次性行为未使用安全套和有≥2个性伴的比例分别为45.7%和62.6%;女性为最近一次性行为是否使用安全套行为的高危人群（OR=2.318,95%CI=1.601~3.356）,未婚（OR=0.367,95%CI=0.190~0.709）和总体幸福感高（OR=0.971,95%CI=0.955~0.987）为校外青少年该行为的保护性因素;居住地为昆明（OR=2.690,95%CI=1.511~4.790）、深圳（OR=,4.644,95%CI=1.007~2.729）、女性（OR=4.464,95%CI=3.180~6.783）、年龄越大（OR=1.225,95%CI=1.113~1.349）、务工时间越长（OR=1.102,95%CI=1.003~1.022）为校外青少年是否有≥2个性伴的危险因素,总体幸福感高（OR=0.969,95%CI=0.953~0.986）为其保护因素。结论 云南和深圳两地校外青少年生殖健康高危行为的发生率较高,总体幸福感是生殖健康高危行为的保护因素,应注重对校外青少年的心理干预。     

Characteristics of physical activity levels among trail users in a U.S. national sample

BACKGROUND: The Task Force on Community Preventive Services strongly recommends environmental interventions that include enhanced access to opportunities for physical activity, such as walking and cycling trails. Although accumulating evidence indicates that trails can be effective in increasing physical activity, little is known about trail users. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of a national sample of 3717 adults from the HealthStyles and ConsumerStyles surveys using logistic regression to determine physical activity patterns and sociodemographic correlates related to trail use, and to identify support regarding trail development policies. RESULTS: Almost 13% (12.7%) of the sample reported using trails at least once a month and 24.3% at least once a week. People who reported using trails at least once a week were twice as likely than people who reported rarely or never using trails to meet physical activity recommendations (odds ratio=2.3, 95% confidence interval=1.9-2.8). Nearly half (43.6%) of the non-trail users supported expanded public spaces for people to exercise, and 36.4% of the non-trail users reported that they would be willing to pay more taxes to build more parks and trails in their community. CONCLUSIONS: Community trails facilitate physical activity, and almost half of frequent trail users report that access to trails and other green space is important in choosing a place to live. These results support the need for prospective research on whether newly built trails promote physical activity in previously inactive people.     

Cost effectiveness of a bicycle/pedestrian trail development in health promotion

BACKGROUND: A persistently low population level of physical activity is a challenge for public health. Data on cost effectiveness of environmental interventions are needed to inform the development and implementing of such interventions. OBJECTIVE: To conduct cost-effectiveness analysis of bicycle/pedestrian trails. DESIGN: The costs of trail development and number of users of four trails in Lincoln, NE, were obtained. The costs were adjusted to 2003 dollars. The physical activity-related outcomes/items are number of users who were more physically active since they began using the trails, number of users who were physically active for general health, and number of users who were physically active for weight loss. Cost-effectiveness measures were derived. Sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS: The annual trail development cost US$289,035, 73% of which was construction cost. Of the 3,986 trail users, 88% were active at least 3 days a week. The average annual cost for persons becoming more physically active was US$98 (range US$65-253); the cost was US$142 (range US$95-366) for persons who are active for general health, and US$884 (range US$590-2,287) for persons who are active for weight loss. CONCLUSION: This analysis provides basic cost-effectiveness measures of bicycle/pedestrian trails. Policymakers can use this information in making resource allocation decisions.     

Trail User Demographics, Physical Activity Behaviors, and Perceptions of a Newly Constructed Greenway Trail

To better understand and promote physical activity on a newly constructed trail, the present study examined the demographic characteristics and physical activity behaviors of trail users; the demographic characteristics of trail users compared to the demographic profile Greenville County, South Carolina residents; trail users' purpose for using the trail; the distance trail users traveled to access the trail from their homes; channels through which trail users learned about the trail; and trail characteristics liked by trail users. Using a valid and reliable intercept survey, 1,148 trail users were interviewed. Trail users were mostly white (93.1%), male (59.1%) adults (84.2%) who reported using the trail for exercise (91%). Significant associations were identified between trail user demographic characteristics and how trail users learned about the trail and trail characteristics liked by trail users. The findings may contribute to the development of targeted health promotion efforts to promote physical activity on this and similar trails.     

Promoting physical activity in rural communities: walking trail access, use, and effects

INTRODUCTION: Environmental and policy approaches to promote physical activity, such as walking trail construction and promotion, are being widely recommended, yet sparse data exist on their effectiveness. In conjunction with ongoing community-intervention projects in Missouri, walking trails are being built, promoted, and evaluated. Objectives include determining: (1) patterns and correlates of walking, (2) the availability of places to walk and perform other forms of physical activity, (3) the extent of walking trail use and possible effects on rates of physical activity, and (4) attitudes toward the trails and their uses. METHODS: In 12 rural counties in Missouri we used a cross-s ectional telephone survey to ask a population-based sample of residents aged >18 years (n=1269) some standard and specially developed questions about walking behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes. RESULTS: Only 19.5% of respondents were classified as regular walkers. About one third of respondents (36.5%) reported having access to walking trails in their area, and 50.3% reported having access to indoor facilities for exercise. Among persons with access to walking trails, 38.8% had used the trails. Groups who were more likely to have used the walking trails included women, persons with more education, those making $35,000 or more per year, and regular walkers. Among persons who had used the trails, 55.2% reported they had increased their amount of walking since they began using the trail. Women and persons with a high school education or less were more than twice as likely to have increased the amount of walking since they began using the walking trails. CONCLUSIONS: Walking trails may be beneficial in promoting physical activity among segments of the population at highest risk for inactivity, in particular women and persons in lower socioeconomic groups.     

Awareness and use of community walking trails

BACKGROUND: Community trail development is an emerging strategy to increase physical activity (PA) among community residents. The purpose of this study was to assess awareness and use of trails and compare perceptions to objective data. METHODS: A telephone survey was administered to a stratified sample of adults (N = 1,112) in a southeastern county in the United States. Respondents' home addresses and the locations of trails were entered into a GIS database. A kappa statistic was used to measure agreement between awareness and presence of trails. Differences in reported trail use patterns by sex, race, education, and PA levels were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no agreement between the awareness and presence of trails (kappa = 0.07). Fifty-six percent of the respondents reported having trails; however, only 33% reported using the trails. Of the trail users, 42% reported being regularly active in moderate-to-vigorous PA (30+ min/day for 5+ days/week), and 51% reported being less active (P < 0.003). Among walkers (> or =30 min/day for > or =5 days/week), 49% of regular walkers and 35% of irregular walkers (< walkers) reported using the trails (P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of existing trails in this community and levels of use were low. Marketing programs should promote awareness and use of trails among older adults and irregularly active adults.     

Assessing urban walking trail use and changes in the trail environment using systematic observational protocols

This study evaluated the extent to which two systematic observation protocols which were modified for underserved communities (low income, minorities) could be utilized to reliably assess (a) use of walking trails and (b) physical environmental features of these trails. This study was a supplement to the Positive Action for Today's Health (PATH) walking trial. The modified tools were shown to be reliable methods for (a) measuring trail use and (b) assessing physical features of the trail in underserved environments. Reliability data for measuring trail use were found to be high (ICC=.98, p<.01). Reliabilities for measuring features of the trail ranged from fair to highly reliable (κ=.77-1.00; ICC=.34-1.00). The observation tools that were customized for this study were shown to be reliable instruments for measuring trail use and assessing physical features of walking trails in underserved communities.     

Environmental perceptions and objective walking trail audits inform a community-based participatory research walking intervention

Background  

Given the documented physical activity disparities that exist among low-income minority communities and the increased focused on socio-ecological approaches to address physical inactivity, efforts aimed at understanding the built environment to support physical activity are needed. This community-based participatory research (CBPR) project investigates walking trails perceptions in a high minority southern community and objectively examines walking trails. The primary aim is to explore if perceived and objective audit variables predict meeting recommendations for walking and physical activity, MET/minutes/week of physical activity, and frequency of trail use.     

Cost analysis of the built environment: the case of bike and pedestrian trials in Lincoln, Neb

We estimated the annual cost of bike and pedestrian trails in Lincoln, Neb, using construction and maintenance costs provided by the Department of Parks and Recreation of Nebraska. We obtained the number of users of 5 trails from a 1998 census report. The annual construction cost of each trail was calculated by using 3%, 5%, and 10% discount rates for a period of useful life of 10, 30, and 50 years. The average cost per mile and per user was calculated. Trail length averaged 3.6 miles (range = 1.6-4.6 miles). Annual cost in 2002 dollars ranged from 25,762 to 248,479 (mean = 124,927; median = 171,064). The cost per mile ranged from 5735 to 54,017 (mean = 35,355; median = 37,994). The annual cost per user was 235 (range = 83-592), whereas per capita annual medical cost of inactivity was 622. Construction of trails fits a wide range of budgets and may be a viable health amenity for most communities. To increase trail cost-effectiveness, efforts to decrease cost and increase the number of users should be considered.     

老年男子健身锻炼适宜运动强度的研究

[目的]为探讨老年人运动健身的适宜运动强度。[方法]将61～65岁健康老年男子45名,随机分为3个运动强度组(小强度组、中等强度组和大强度组),分别以心脏功能能力(FC)的30%～45%、46%～60%、61%～75%作为运动强度进行健步走锻炼8周(3次/周,30min/次)。运动处方实施前后进行心脏功能能力、心率、血压、肺活量、身体成分、握力、上肢柔韧性、反应时、运动时、手眼协调和闭眼单脚站立等测试,分析不同强度的健步走锻炼对受试人群上述指标的影响。[结果]3个运动强度组的各项指标均有不同程度的改善,其中以中等运动强度组的综合效果最为明显,表现为心脏功能能力(MET)从7.96±1.7增加到8.74±1.2;肺活量(ml)从3155±622增加到3430±760;舒张压/收缩压(mmHg)从87.1±9.6/135.7±15.4改变为75.3±8.0/131.2±16.5;握力(kg)从35.2±8增加到36.8±8;闭眼单脚站立时间(s)从3.5±2.3增加到5.0±3.0;反应时/运动时(s)从0.311±0.07/0.594±0.07改变为0.262±0.09/0.517±0.08。[结论]46%～60?的运动强度可以作为61～65岁男子健身锻炼的适宜运动强度,而30%～45?的运动强度可以作为61～65岁男子健身锻炼的有效起始强度。     

Living near a trail is associated with increased odds of walking among patients using community clinics

We tested the hypothesis that living near a walking or cycling trail was associated with greater odds of walking. This has been previously studied in healthy and unselected populations, but to our knowledge has not been studied in patients attending community clinics. A cross-sectional survey was completed by 1211 persons in five community clinics that serve poor populations. We performed univariate analysis and developed a multivariate logistic regression model for walking adjusting for 12 independent variables including self-rated health, frequent mental distress, lifestyle and demographic variables, and environmental characteristics of the neighborhood including perceived proximity to a walking or cycling trail. Compared to those who reported not living close to a trail, persons who reported living near a trail were more likely to meet recommended levels of walking of at least 30 minutes fives times per week (unadjusted odds ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence intervals = 1.04–2.13). In the multivariate model, male gender (unadjusted odds ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence intervals = 1.15–2.30), having three or more convenient destinations (unadjusted odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence intervals = 1.37–2.32), and living near a trail (unadjusted odds ratio = 1.45, 95% confidence intervals = 1.01–2.09) were positively associated with walking at statistically significant levels. The odds of walking were lower in non-Hispanic blacks (odds ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence intervals = 0.40–0.87) and current smokers (odds ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence intervals = 0.57–0.76). For patients attending community clinics, environmental strategies to encourage walking may include mixed-land-use neighborhoods and construction of trails.J. Rush Pierce, Jr., is Health Authority for the Amarillo Bi-City-County Health District, Amarillo, Texas, and Associate Professor and Chief, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas; Anne V. Denison, Ahmed A. Arif, Assistant Professor, and James E. Rohrer, Professor, are with the Division of Health Services Research, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas