互动形态学实验教学系统及其在寄生虫学实验教学中的应用

组织学与胚胎学、寄生虫学、微生物学实验课教学过程中均需要大量使用显微镜。本着"资源共享,提高效率"的原则,于2002-12,四川大学基础医学与法医学院开始对上述三门课程的实验课用房、场地、仪器设备等进行了综合配置。构建了一个全新的实验教学平台,即形态学实验室。在上述资源整合过程中,为提高教学质量和实验室管理水平,实验室管理人员在教学实施、管理模式、仪器设备维护及寄生虫学实验课教学等方面积累了丰富的经验。     

我院“病原微生物生物安全实验室”即将启动

我院“病原微生物生物安全实验室”的筹建经相关专家多次论证和设计即将启动，该实验室在我院原重点实验室的基础上进行改扩建。     

临床微生物实验室如何应对新发和再发传染病（下）

埃里希体病的病原体 Ehrlichia chaffeensiS，Ehrlichia ewingii和Anaplasma phagocytophilum是美国和欧洲与埃里希体病相关的主要病原体：Ehrlichia sennetsu仅限在远东地区。所有这些病原体都可导致严重有时甚至是致命的疾病。这些微生物是小的革兰氏阴性的致病菌，采用常规实验室技术不能培养。     

实验室生物安全存在的问题以及解决措施

前些年SARS实验室感染引发了事故,这一安全问题引起了各界的高度重视。《实验室生物安全手册》一书于2004年发行最新版,该本著作中为危险等级提供了一些详细的标准,例如微生物实验室的建筑构造、设计特点、相关防护设施以及仪器的配置等方面的标准,基于此对生物安全水平加以     

如何选择老年人的实验室检查

在老年病人的处理中,有效地应用实验室检查不但有助于正确的诊断,而且,可以避免不必要的浪费。医生应该了解年龄对实验室检查结果的影响,其中有些随着年龄发生显著变化。本文重点阐述年龄对不同实验室检查结果的影响,然后介绍一些目前老年人最常用的检查项目。     

自由基的实验室检查

正常机体一方面不断产生阴离子超氧化物自由基(O_2)、羟自由基(OH~-)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)等自由基;另一方面,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、维生素E和维生素C等又不断清除这些自由基,当两者失去平衡时,积累的自由基会造成局部组织结构破坏,功能紊乱,给机体带来病理损害。 一、物理法测定自由基 电子自旋共振仪(ESR)又叫电子顺旋共振法(EPR),其自旋捕捉法(Spin Trapping)是直接测定自由基的主要物理工具和方法。 ESR的基本原理是未配对电子本身有自旋性,当其在在外加磁场H中运动时加一频率为γ的射谱     

糖尿病的实验室诊断新技术

现将糖尿病的实验室诊断新技术介绍如下。1.尿糖试纸:尿糖定性测定为糖尿病病人自己观察糖尿病控制的指标。我国不少地区目前仍用班氏试剂,其能测定还原糖,而不仅是葡萄糖,如遇有维生素C或果糖等还原剂,则可出现假阳性结果,且操作时需用液体加热,比较麻烦。而现在用的葡萄糖氧化酶试纸,对葡萄糖有特异性,如尿内有葡萄糖即     

结核性脑膜炎脑脊液多项指标的检测分析

目的 分析早期结核性脑膜炎脑脊液( C S F) 多项指标的检测对早期结脑的诊断价值?方法 选择确诊为结脑病例52 例,留取病人 C S F 分别进行常规?生化? A D A? P C R? B A C T E C?涂片及抗结核抗体多项指标的检测,并观察治疗后2 个月 C S F 常规?生化的变化?结果 C S F 除常规?生化外, P C R 和 A D A 的检测对结脑早期诊断有意义,其它指标因阳性率很低意义不大?结脑经2 个月治疗,细胞数恢复最快,其次为糖?结论 C S F 常规?生化? P C R 和 A D A 的检测有助于结脑的早期诊断?     

The NUITM-KEMRI P3 Laboratory in Kenya: Establishment,Features, Operation and Maintenance

A biocontainment facility is a core component in any research setting due to the services it renders towards comprehensive biosafety observance. The NUITM-KEMRI P3 facility was set up in 2007 and has been actively in use since 2010 by researchers from this and other institutions. A number of hazardous agents have been handled in the laboratory among them MDR-TB and yellow fever viruses. The laboratory has the general physical and operational features of a P3 laboratory in addition to a number of unique features, among them the water-air filtration system, the eco-mode operation feature and automation of the pressure system that make the facility more efficient. It is equipped with biosafety and emergency response equipments alongside common laboratory equipments, maintained regularly using daily, monthly and yearly routines. Security and safety is strictly observed within the facility, enhanced by restricted entry, strict documentation and use of safety symbols. Training is also engrained within the operation of the laboratory and is undertaken and evaluated annually. Though the laboratory is in the process of obtaining accreditation, it is fully certified courtesy of the manufactures’ and constructed within specified standards.     

抗结核抗体检测及其结果分析

目的 探讨分别或组合检测LAM -IgG?TB -Dot?ICT对结核病的诊断价值?方法 抽取血清或留取胸?腹水?脑脊液?支气管灌洗液 ,同时进行LAM -IgG?TB -Dot?ICT三种方法 ,检测抗结核抗体?结果 菌 ( +)肺结核三者的阳性率分别为 4.5.3 %?63 5%?69.1 % ,三种检测方法同时均为 (+) 3.3.1 % ,任意两种检测方法组合阳性 2.37% ,二者相加总阳性率 56.8%?菌 ( -)肺结核三者的阳性率分别为 2.46%?3.93 %?3.95%?三种组合检测方法同时阳性 1.54 % ,任意两种检测方法组合阳性为 1.84 % ,二者相加阳性率达 3.38% ,与非结核组有显著性差异?菌 (+)肺结核和菌 (-)肺结核组分别有 2.53 %和 3.71 %三种方法同时检测抗体均为阴性?结论 抗结核抗体检测 ,特别是三种方法同时检测是结核病诊断和鉴别诊断的重要依据之一 ,但一些重症肺结核 ,伴有糖尿病等多种合并症者和老年肺结核阳性率低 ,另外结核性浆膜炎其抗体水平明显低于肺结核?     

安阳市2011--2012年艾滋病检测实验室质量考评结果分析

目的评价安阳市艾滋病检测实验室的检测质量,加强艾滋病实验室检测的质量控制和规范化管理。方法对通过审批的43家实验室,通过发放质控品和质量考评问卷相结合的方式进行考评。结果实验室考核参加率为100％。考评结果：2011年8家优秀,19家良好,16家合格;2012年16家优秀,20家良好,7家合格。疾病预防控制机构、医疗机构和妇幼保健机构的优秀率,2011年分别为22．2％、21．4％、0;2012年分别为33．3％、42．9％、33．3％。结论通过连续2年对安阳市艾滋病检测实验室的考核,促使检测能力不断提高,但仍需进一步加强技术培训,提高检测质量。     

结核分枝杆菌实验室检测产品和技术应用进展

结核病是全球面临的重大公共卫生问题,结核病患者的早期快速检测对提高患者的疗效,并有效阻断结核人际传播至关重要.结核病诊断能力不足是导致发现率和报告率较低的根本原因,尤其在患者面对交通、经济负担等一系列问题时,进一步加剧患者的漏诊.然而传统的结核分枝杆菌实验室检测方法已无法满足临床的实际需求,亟待在结核病高负担国家使用和...     

Spirometry in primary care: An analysis of spirometry test quality in a regional primary care asthma program

BACKGROUND:

Primary care office spirometry can improve access to testing and concordance between clinical practice and asthma guidelines. Compliance with test quality standards is essential to implementation.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the quality of spirometry performed onsite in a regional primary care asthma program (RAP) by health care professionals with limited training.

METHODS:

Asthma educators were trained to perform spirometry during two 2 h workshops and supervised during up to six patient encounters. Quality was analyzed using American Thoracic Society (ATS) 1994 and ATS/European Respiratory Society (ERS) 2003 (ATS/ERS) standards. These results were compared with two regional reference sites: a primary care group practice (Family Medical Centre [FMC], Windsor, Ontario) and a teaching hospital pulmonary function laboratory (London Health Sciences Centre [LHSC], London, Ontario).

RESULTS:

A total of 12,815 flow-volume loops (FVL) were evaluated: RAP – 1606 FVL in 472 patient sessions; reference sites – FMC 4013 FVL in 573 sessions; and LHSC – 7196 in 1151 sessions. RAP: There were three acceptable FVL in 392 of 472 (83%) sessions, two reproducible FVL according to ATS criteria in 428 of 469 (91%) sessions, and 395 of 469 (84%) according to ATS/ERS criteria. All quality criteria – minimum of three acceptable and two reproducible FVL according to ATS criteria in 361 of 472 (77%) sessions and according to ATS/ERS criteria in 337 of 472 (71%) sessions. RAP met ATS criteria more often than the FMC (388 of 573 [68%]); however, less often than LHSC (1050 of 1151 [91%]; P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Health care providers with limited training and experience operating within a simple quality program achieved ATS/ERS quality spirometry in the majority of sessions in a primary care setting. The quality performance approached pulmonary function laboratory standards.     

新疆部分乡镇卫生院X射线辐射水平及工作人员健康状况调查

目的了解新疆乡镇卫生院医用诊断X射线辐射水平及工作人员健康的现状,为卫生行政部门监督管理和制定相关政策提供科学依据。方法使用外照射防护用仪器6134/H型、γ剂量仪对乡镇卫生院放射工作场所周围辐射水平进行监测。采集放射工作人员外周血进行血常规检查。结果乡镇卫生院X线诊断设备配置率54.3%;场所防护监测合格率仅为83.5%;47名放射工作人员白细胞和血小板异常率分别为6.4%和12.8%;不同放射工龄组间白细胞和血小板异常率比较,无统计学差异（fisher确切概率P=0.41）。结论所调查乡镇卫生院X射线机配置率低,放射工作场所防护条件差;乡镇卫生院放射职业卫生监督力度有待加强,放射职业卫生服务机构数量有待增加。     

A double-blind evaluation of gabapentin on alcohol effects and drinking in a clinical laboratory paradigm

INTRODUCTION: There has been increasing interest in the use of anticonvulsant agents in the treatment of alcoholism. Anticonvulsant agents have mostly been evaluated as an alternative to benzodiazepines in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Among the advantages of using anticonvulsant agents in this capacity is their purported lack of interaction with alcohol (i.e., interactions that could increase psychomotor deficits, cognitive impairment, and increase intoxication). This is particularly important in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal and relapse prevention in outpatients. Unfortunately, these untoward clinical interactions between anticonvulsants and alcohol in alcoholic patients have not been thoroughly assessed. The current clinical laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the anticonvulsant gabapentin in alcoholic subjects. In addition, the ability of gabapentin to reduce alcohol craving and consumption was evaluated. METHODS: Thirty-five non-treatment-seeking alcoholic subjects were enrolled in a subacute human laboratory study and received double-blind treatment with up to 1,200 mg of gabapentin (n=18) or placebo (n=17) for 8 days. The safety and tolerability of gabapentin were monitored in the natural environment during the first 5 days of medication treatment and during a free-choice limited access consumption paradigm following an initial drink of alcohol in a bar-lab setting on Day 7. RESULTS: There was no overall effect of gabapentin on drinking or craving; however, it was tolerated (e.g., mood and sedation) as well as placebo over 5 days of natural drinking. During the bar-lab drinking session, there were no differences in subjective high or intoxication between subjects treated with gabapentin or placebo. DISCUSSION: This study provides initial evidence that the anticonvulsant gabapentin is safe if used in conjunction with alcohol consumption in alcoholic individuals. Further study is needed with this and other lab models to determine the utility and safety of gabapentin in the treatment of alcoholism.     

经胃途径内镜联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术的动物实验研究

目的初步探讨经胃途径内镜联合腹腔镜行胆囊切除术动物实验的安全性及可行性。方法从2010年7月至10月对6只五指山小型猪在全麻下行联合方式胆囊切除术,术中记录手术时间、并发症情况,术后观察实验动物饮食、体质量变化及术后2周对实验动物进行尸检观察造口愈合情况及腹腔内有无感染、脓肿及粘连等并发症发生。结果6只动物均成功行胆囊切除,除1只动物因术中出血行腹腔镜止血外,无其他并发症发生。平均手术时间为87min（69—124min）。所有动物均存活2周,2周后实验动物进食量及体质量无明显变化,尸检时没有发现的脓肿、出血等并发症,造口愈合良好。结论联合腹腔镜的方式保证了经自然腔道途径外科手术的安全性和可行性,同时降低了单纯腹腔镜手术的创伤,是一种向单纯经自然腔道行外科治疗较为可靠的过渡方式。     

Aripiprazole effects on alcohol consumption and subjective reports in a clinical laboratory paradigm--possible influence of self-control

Introduction: There has been increasing interest in the use of medications that affect the dopamine receptor in the treatment of alcoholism. Aripiprazole has the unique pharmacology of being a partial dopamine agonist serving to stabilize brain dopamine systems in both frontal cortical and subcortical areas. As such, it might act to dampen alcohol reinforcement and craving and/or alter control over alcohol use. The current clinical laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aripiprazole as a potential agent to alter drinking and objective effects of alcohol. Methods: Thirty nontreatment seeking alcoholics were enrolled in a subacute human laboratory study and received double‐blind treatment with up to 15 mg of aripiprazole (n = 15) or identical placebo (n = 15) for 8 days. Tolerability and utility of aripiprazole was monitored during natural drinking over the first 6 days of medication treatment and also during a free choice limited access alcohol consumption paradigm following an initial drink of alcohol in a bar‐lab setting on Day 8. Results: Aripiprazole was well tolerated and reduced drinking in nontreatment seeking alcoholics over 6 days of natural drinking—especially in those with lower self control (more impulsive). It also reduced drinks in the bar‐lab after a priming drink and broke the link between priming drink induced stimulation and further drinking. During the bar‐lab drinking session, there were no differences in subjective high, intoxication, or craving between subjects treated with aripiprazole or placebo. Discussion: This study joins several others in demonstrating the utility of subacute dosing laboratory paradigms for evaluating medication effects in alcoholics. Aripiprazole was well tolerated and lowered alcohol use, especially in those with lower impulse control. Further study is needed to determine the safety and utility of aripiprazole in the treatment of alcoholism and if subgroups of alcoholics are more likely to respond.