化疗序贯EGFR-TKIs治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的机制及疗效

随着肿瘤分子生物学研究的发展,表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIs)在晚期非小细胞肺癌治疗中占有重要地位,特别针对于EGFR突变型患者.但基于分子靶向药物并未明显改善患者的总生存时间及出现获得性耐药问题,如何将传统化疗药物与靶向药物有机结合延长晚期患者的总生存时间受到广泛关注.化疗序贯EGFR-TKIs模式被证实为其中一项颇有前景的治疗策略.本文将结合相关研究对化疗序贯EGFR-TKIs治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的机制及疗效进行综述.     

埃罗替尼在非小细胞肺癌治疗中的研究进展

埃罗替尼（erlotinib）是表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）酪氨酸激酶抑制剂，能与细胞内EGFR分子酪氨酸激酶结构域的ATP结合袋特异性结合，可逆性地抑制EGFR酪氨酸激酶活性，促使肿瘤细胞凋亡，抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、血管新生和转移。该药目前已成功用于晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的治疗，可显著延长患者的生存时间和无进展生存时间，显著改善症状，改善患者生活质量。     

非小细胞肺癌对酪氨酸激酶抑制剂获得性耐药机制及治疗策略的研究进展

摘 要：表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)是非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）最常见的肿瘤驱动基因。以EGFR为靶点的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI）分子靶向治疗,可显著性改善携带这类基因突变的NSCLC患者的生存结局。然而,这些最初获得缓解的患者最终都会发生获得性耐药,成为进一步提高靶向药物TKI疗效的瓶颈。因此,了解TKI获得性耐药机制可指导NSCLC临床治疗。文章综述近年来NSCLC对TKI耐药机制的新进展及耐药后治疗的新策略。     

表皮生长因子受体突变晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗效果影响因素分析

目的:探讨表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）突变晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）EGFR-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKI）治疗效果的影响因素。方法:收集2015年1月至2019年10月南京医科大学附属无锡第二医院接受EGFR-TKI治疗的104例EGFR突变晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料。分析EGFR突变类型与患者的临床病理...     

EGFR外显子20插入突变型非小细胞肺癌检测和治疗的研究进展

表皮生长因子受体外显子20插入（epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 insertion,EGFR ex20ins）突变在非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）中被认为是“不可治疗的靶点”,EGFR ex20ins突变NSCLC患者不仅对既往第一、第二代EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂原发耐药,对传统化疗和免疫治疗也不敏感。目前,埃万妥单抗（Amivantamab）和莫博赛替尼（Mobocertinib）等新型靶向药物被批准用于治疗携带EGFR ex20ins的晚期铂类耐药NSCLC患者,因此优化晚期NSCLC的分子筛查检测逐渐被关注,而基于下一代测序的基因分型被认为是分析晚期NSCLC患者的金标准方法。本文对近年来针对NSCLC EGFR ex20ins的检测方法及其靶向药物进行系统综述,以期为该类患者带来更多获益。     

非小细胞肺癌EGFR突变类型与TKIs疗效关系的研究进展

摘 要：表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因突变状态的检测以及表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKIs）的应用开创了晚期非小细胞肺癌患者个体化分子靶向治疗的新纪元。本文就EGFR的不同突变类型与TKIs临床疗效的关系进行综述,为临床上EGFR突变——尤其是少见EGFR突变类型的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者个体化治疗方案的选择提供理论依据。     

埃克替尼对非小细胞肺癌术前诱导治疗的临床疗效2例报告

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR—TKI）作为晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗药物临床应用以来．已积累了大域的临床实验数据和临床应用经验。     

厄洛替尼治疗失败后埃克替尼靶向治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌1例报道

厄洛替尼和埃克替尼是一种选择性表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）——酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI）,在进展期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中具有靶向治疗作用。靶向药物治疗一般作为二线或三线用药,其治疗失败后很少有行之有效的治疗策略。本文报道1例晚期NSCLC厄洛替尼治疗失败后采用埃克替尼靶向治疗有效的病例。     

表皮生长因子受体通路阻断治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌

 化学治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）疗效已达到平台，靶向药物是进一步提高疗效的关键。表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）信号异常在NSCLC的发生和进展中起重要作用，已成为抗肿瘤治疗的常用靶点。研究显示，小分子口服EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂吉非替尼和厄洛替尼毒副作用轻微，对化疗失败的NSCLC患者可以改善症状、提高生活质量、延长生存。此外，抗EGFR单克隆抗体西妥昔单抗（cetuximab）在晚期NSCLC的一线和二线治疗中均显示出令人鼓舞的疗效。第二代靶向治疗药物---多靶点抑制剂，可同时阻断肿瘤多个信号传导，临床试验初步结果表明，毒副作用可以耐受，治疗晚期NSCLC有较好的应用前景。     

埃罗替尼在非小细胞肺癌治疗中的研究进展

埃罗替尼(erlotinib)是表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,能与细胞内EGFR分子酪氨酸激酶结构域的ATP结合袋特异性结合,可逆性地抑制EGFR酪氨酸激酶活性,促使肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、血管新生和转移。该药目前已成功用于晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的治疗,可显著延长患者的生存时间和无进展生存时间,显著改善症状,改善患者生活质量。     

EGFR mutation: Significance as a stratification factor in the era of molecular-targeted therapy

Somatic mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are the strongest predictive markers for the response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Patients with EGFR mutations generally receive EGFR-TKI treatment, and their survival has been significantly improved compared with that before the development of EGFR-TKIs. This study aimed to clarify the impact of EGFR mutational status on the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving cytotoxic agents, but not EGFR-TKIs, as their first-line chemotherapy. In addition, we analyzed patients with EGFR mutations to determine whether the timing of EGFR-TKI administration affects overall survival (OS). A total of 83 NSCLC patients with stage IIIB/IV who received chemotherapy alone and whose EGFR mutational status was known were investigated. Univariate and multivariate analysis for OS was performed using parameters such as age, gender, performance status (PS), histology, disease stage, smoking status, EGFR mutational status and administration of a first-line regimen. Among the 52 patients with EGFR mutations who received EGFR-TKIs, OS between those who received EGFR-TKIs as their first-line treatment and after chemotherapy were similar. Among the 83 patients who received cytotoxic agents as their first-line chemotherapy, the multivariate analysis showed OS to be significantly associated with PS (p<0.001), histology (p=0.039) and EGFR mutational status (p=0.040). OS was almost similar among the 52 patients with EGFR mutations who received EGFR-TKIs in a first- and second-line setting (25.6 vs. 26.8 months, p=0.914). The EGFR mutational status had a significant impact on the survival of NSCLC patients, although these patients did not receive EGFR-TKIs as their first-line chemotherapy. In future randomized trials, even when EGFR-TKIs are not included in experimental regimens, patients may need to be stratified by EGFR mutational status in order that study results be evaluated appropriately.     

Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is effective as first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with mutated EGFR: A meta-analysis from six phase III randomized controlled trials

Gefiinib and erlotinib are two similar small molecules of selective and reversible epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), which have been approved for second-line or third-line indication in previously treated advanced Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The results of comparing the EGFR-TKI with standard platinum-based doublet chemotherapy as the first-line treatment in advanced NSCLC patients with activated EGFR mutation were still controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation of these regimens. Finally, six eligible trials involved 1,021 patients were identified. The patients receiving EGFR-TKI as front-line therapy had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than patients treated with chemotherapy [median PFS was 9.5 versus 5.9 months; hazard ratio (HR)=0.37; 95% confidence intervals (CI)=0.27-0.52; p<0.001]. The overall response rate (ORR) of EGFR-TKI was 66.60%, whereas the ORR of chemotherapy regimen was 30.62%, which was also a statistically significant favor for EGFR-TKI [relative risk (RR)=5.68; 95% CI=3.17-10.18; p<0.001]. The overall survival (OS) was numerically longer in the patients received EGFR-TKI than patients treated by chemotherapy, although the difference did not reach a statistical significance (median OS was 30.5 vs. 23.6 months; HR=0.94; 95% CI=0.77-1.15; p=0.57). Comparing with first-line chemotherapy, treatment of EGFR-TKI achieved a statistical significantly longer PFS, higher ORR and numerically longer OS in the advanced NSCLC patients harboring activated EGFR mutations, thus, it should be the first choice in the previously untreated NSCLC patients with activated EGFR mutation.     

Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors versus chemotherapy as second-line treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with wild-type EGFR: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Background

EGFR mutation status is closely related to the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR-TKIs have become the standard first-line treatment for advanced EGFR-mutation NSCLC, while for EGFR wild-type tumors, the preferred first-line treatment is chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs as second-line treatment in EGFR wild-type NSCLC remains controversial. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of EGFR-TKI as second-line treatment in EGFR wild-type NSCLC.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials that compared EGFR-TKIs with chemotherapy in previously treated advanced NSCLC with wild-type EGFR were included. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of EGFR-TKIs compared with standard chemotherapy. The endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR).

Results

Six randomized controlled trials with a total of 990 patients with wild-type EGFR were included: 499 in the EGFR-TKIs group and 491 in the chemotherapy group. The results indicated that in the second-line treatment of EGFR wild-type advanced NSCLC, PFS was significantly inferior in the EGFR-TKIs group versus the chemotherapy group (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.20–1.56, P < 0.00001). However, this significant difference did not translate into OS (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.87–1.20, P = 0.81). ORR tended to favor chemotherapy but there was no significant difference compared with EGFR-TKI (RR = 1.77, 95% CI = 0.90–3.50, P = 0.10).

Conclusions

Chemotherapy improves PFS significantly but not OS, compared with EGFR-TKIs as a second-line treatment in advanced NSCLC with wild-type EGFR. Whether EGFR-TKIs should be used in EGFR wild-type patients should be considered carefully.     

对比EGFR-TKIs治疗EGFR突变状态未明晚期NSCLC疗效研究

目的探讨对比表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors,EGFR-TKIs)一线、维持及二线治疗EGFR突变状态未明晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的疗效。方法回顾性分析接受EGFR-TKIs治疗的57例EGFR突变状态未明晚期NSCLC,按照接受EGFR-TKIs治疗的时机分为EGFR-TKIs治疗一线组(19例)、维持组(18例)和二线组(20例),按照RECIST标准进行疗效评价。结果一线组、维持组和二线组客观有效率(52.6%vs 38.9%vs 35.0%,P=0.098)、中位无进展生存期(4.0月vs 7.8月vs 2.2月,P=0.417)差异无统计学意义,但一线组患者总生存期较维持组和二线组差(8.7月vs 20.0月vs 19.1月,P=0.009)。结论 EGFR突变状态未明晚期NSCLC EGFR-TKIs一线、维持和二线治疗的客观有效率和中位无进展生存期相似,但EGFR-TKIs一线治疗总生存期较短,建议EGFR-TKIs用于维持或二线治疗EGFR突变状态未明晚期NSCLC。     

非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的一线治疗

表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)参与的晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)一线治疗的几种模式显示出不同的结果.化疗与EGFR-TKI联合未显示生存优势,化疗序贯EGFR-TKI和EGFR-TKI单药这两种模式取得了巨大的突破,为晚期NSCLC个体化治疗开辟了新的道路.同时发现EGFR突变在晚期NSCLC靶向治疗方面有很好的疗效预测价值.     

Long-term chemotherapy may prolong survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer among responders to first-line chemotherapy

Survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has substantially improved. Long-term chemotherapy with epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and other agents has been associated with long survival. We retrospectively examined the associations between overall survival (OS) and clinical variables in patients with advanced NSCLC who received at least one dose or course of outpatient chemotherapy in our institution. Of 360 patients who received first-line chemotherapy between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2007, 185 subsequently received additional outpatient chemotherapy and 175 underwent inpatient chemotherapy only. Of the 185 patients, 147 (79.5%), 96 (51.9%), and 60 (32.4%) received second-line, third-line, and fourth-line chemotherapy, respectively. Patients who received outpatient chemotherapy had significantly longer median OS (22.3 months) than did those undergoing inpatient chemotherapy only (7.6 months; P < 0.0001). In univariate analysis of the 185 patients, sex, performance status (PS), smoking status, stage, best response to first-line chemotherapy, use of docetaxel, and EGFR-TKIs were significantly associated with OS (P values: 0.0019, 0.0066, 0.0001, 0.0231, 0.0011, 0.0250, and 0.0023, respectively). In multivariate analysis, PS, stage, best response to first-line chemotherapy, and use of docetaxel were significantly associated with OS (P values: 0.0272, 0.0030, 0.0022, and 0.0376, respectively). Survival was significantly longer among patients who responded to docetaxel and/or EGFR-TKIs. Long-term chemotherapy did not increase cumulative hospitalization. In patients with advanced NSCLC, an effective long-term chemotherapy regimen might prolong survival in responders to first-line chemotherapy.     

非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的一线治疗

表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)参与的晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)一线治疗的几种模式显示出不同的结果.化疗与EGFR-TKI联合未显示生存优势,化疗序贯EGFR-TKI和EGFR-TKI单药这两种模式取得了巨大的突破,为晚期NSCLC个体化治疗开辟了新的道路.同时发现EGFR突变在晚期NSCLC靶向治疗方面有很好的疗效预测价值.     

非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的一线治疗

表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)参与的晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)一线治疗的几种模式显示出不同的结果.化疗与EGFR-TKI联合未显示生存优势,化疗序贯EGFR-TKI和EGFR-TKI单药这两种模式取得了巨大的突破,为晚期NSCLC个体化治疗开辟了新的道路.同时发现EGFR突变在晚期NSCLC靶向治疗方面有很好的疗效预测价值.     

一线用药的EGFR－TKIs与化疗治疗基因突变型NSCLC疗效比较的Meta分析

目的：系统评价表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors,EGFR－TKIs）与化疗一线治疗基因突变型非小细胞肺癌（non－small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）患者的疗效比较。方法：自PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase中检索相关的主题词及自由词,收集EGFR－TKIs与化疗相比一线治疗基因突变型NSCLC疗效的随机对照研究（randomized controlled trials,RCT）。按纳入标准及排除标准筛选文献,采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估表对纳入文献进行质量评价,自纳入文献中提取有效数据,应用RevMan 5．3．5和STATA 12．0分析基因突变型晚期NSCLC患者在EGFR－TKIs治疗中的疗效。敏感性分析和发表偏倚分析以评价结果的稳定性和可靠性。结果：共纳入5篇RCT,共1091例患者,对于EG-FR基因变异型晚期NSCLC患者：EGFR－TKIs一线治疗与化疗相比,有较好的无进展生存期（PFS）、客观反应率（ORR）,但总体生存期（OS）两者无明显差异。结论：EGFR基因突变的晚期NSCLC患者接受一线EGFR－TKIs治疗相比化疗获益更多。     

EGFR-mutated oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer: current trends and future prospects

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours with certain mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been termed 'oncogene addicted' to reflect their dependence on EGFR-mediated pro-survival signalling and their high susceptibility to apoptosis induced by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs, e.g. gefitinib and erlotinib). The most common mutations (L858R and exon 19 deletions) predict an improved clinical response to first-line oral EGFR-TKIs compared with standard platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. Moreover, these mutations are also prognostic of a relatively indolent course of disease, regardless of treatment, as compared with classical NSCLC. Treatment strategies for oncogene-addicted NSCLC are therefore distinct from those for non-oncogene addicted NSCLC, and will depend on the specific genetic mutation present.