阿霉素明胶微球的制备及体外释药特性

目的对阿霉素明胶微球(ADM-GMS)的制备工艺及体外释药特性进行研究.方法用乳化交联法制备阿霉素明胶微球,采用正交试验设计法考察影响制备工艺的各因素.用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态.并对阿霉素明胶微球的粒径大小及其分布、载药量、包封率、体外释药、稳定性等进行了测定.结果微球形态圆整,大小均匀、表面光滑,平均粒径为69.154μm,87.32%的微球粒径分布在50～120μm.微球平均载药量为2.13%,包封率为42.62%.微球体外降解和释药特性满足要求,且37℃下性质稳定.结论该制备工艺稳定,制得的阿霉素明胶微球有望成为临床用动脉栓塞术治疗癌症的新制剂.     

肺靶向甲强龙琥珀酸钠明胶微球的制备

目的:探讨肺靶向甲强龙琥珀酸钠明胶微球的制备、稳定性及体外释药特性。方法:采用二步法制备肺靶向甲强龙琥珀酸钠明胶微球,并结合甲强龙琥珀酸钠的水解特性测定其载药量和体外释药特性。结果:制备出吸胀后平均算术粒径(9.9±3.5)μm的微球,515μm的微球占82.7%,载药量20.5%,在pH7.4PBS缓冲液中的释药规律符合Weibull方程,t1/2为43.5min。微球在室温下放置3个月形态及载药量无明显改变。结论:本方法制备的甲强龙琥珀酸钠明胶微球可用于肺靶向治疗。     

用于被动肺靶向的异烟肼明胶微球的制备及表征

目的 用生物可降解材料明胶制备肺靶向异烟肼明胶微球。方法 用乳化法制备异烟肼明胶微球,正交试验优化其制备的因素;用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和红外光谱法(IR)确证微球的形成;用正置荧光显微镜观察微球的形态;并对异烟肼明胶微球的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率和稳定性等进行研究。结果 最佳工艺条件,重现性好,微球形态圆整,药物确己存于微球中;粒径在5.0~25.0 μm的微球占总数的90%以上,平均粒径为15.63 μm,达到肺靶向要求;载药量和包封率分别为14.93%和73.30%。常温放置6个月,其外观形态、大小及含量基本不变。结论 制备异烟肼明胶微球的工艺简单稳定,可用于肺靶向注射剂的研究。     

生物降解型尼索地平微球的研究

目的制备尼索地平的PLGA微球,并研究其体内外释药行为.方法采用溶剂挥发法制备微球,电镜下观察微球形态,HPLC法测定微球的载药量、包封率及累积释药量.采用HPLC法测定家兔体内的血药浓度.结果微球形态圆整,表面光滑.微球的粒径为15.3±3.8μm,载药量为21.16%,包封率为85.40%.微球的体外释药行为的拟合方程为1-Q=0.7654(1-t/t     

红霉素明胶微球制备工艺研究

目的通过正交设计筛选出制备红霉素明胶微球的最佳工艺。方法测定红霉素明胶微球的平均粒径、载药量、包封率,并对工艺重现性进行研究。结果红霉素明胶微球的形态圆整,且药物确已包裹在微球中,微球的平均粒径为(14.15±0.20)μm,载药量(5.83±0.38)%,包封率为(65.70±0.56)%,7-28μm占总数的90.16%以上,最佳工艺条件重现性良好。结论获得了制备红霉素明胶微球较为满意的工艺。 更多还原     

含依诺沙星微球的改性明胶膜的制备及体外释药性研究

目的制备含有依诺沙星微球的改性明胶膜,并研究其体外释药性。方法以乳化交联法制备依诺沙星明胶微球,以微球粒径、载药量、包封率为指标,应用正交试验优选微球的最佳制备工艺后,将载药微球分散到改性明胶膜中,对比普通载药膜测定其在pH 7.4磷酸盐缓冲液中的释放性。结果以最优工艺制备的依诺沙星微球外观圆整,分布均匀,平均粒径为(3.04±0.25)μm,>80%微球粒径分布在1~6μm,微球平均载药量为(11.8±1.02)%,平均包封率为(78.24±3.18)%,载药微球膜和普通药膜中依诺沙星累积释放约80%各需96h和8h。结论依诺沙星微球制备工艺稳定可行,载药微球改性明胶膜体外释放缓慢,有望开发为具有长效抗菌效果的创伤性敷料。     

制备单抗偶联载阿霉素白蛋白免疫毫微球的初步研究

目的:制备阿霉素牛血清白蛋白纳米粒(DOX-BSA-NP),观察其形态、粒径及药物缓释规律;制备并初步鉴定甲胎蛋白(AFP)单抗导向阿霉素白蛋白免疫毫微球(antiAFP- DOX-BSA-NP).方法:以阿霉素、牛血清白蛋白为材料,采用去溶剂化法制备DOX-BSA-NP;使用电镜技术观察其形态及颗粒大小;采用胰蛋白酶消化方法测定其载药量和包封率,测定体外释药性质.采用SPDP交联法制备单抗导向的载阿霉素免疫毫微球,使用电镜技术观察其形态及颗粒大小,凝胶电泳测定共价连接.结果:(1) DOX-BSA-NP呈圆球状,外观呈红色;粒径大小均匀,载药量约为1.8%,包封率为90.3%,体外释药持续缓慢,第7天时,累积释药分数达到95%.(2) 采用SPDP交联方法制备的antiAFP-DOX-BSA-NP呈球形,粒径330~400 nm.结论:采用去溶剂化法可制备出具有缓释效果的阿霉素白蛋白微球;SPDP方法可以将单克隆抗体与载药微球连接制备出具有免疫功能的毫微球.     

局部用环孢素聚乳酸微球的制备

目的:采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备环孢素聚乳酸微球,并对微球性状进行考察。方法:通过正交设计试验筛选其最佳制备工艺,用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态。采用激光粒径分析仪对微球的平均粒径分布检测,并通过高效液相色谱对微球的载药量、包封率、体外释药性能进行了研究。结果:应用通过正交设计筛选后的制备工艺,所得到环孢素聚乳酸微球的形态圆整,平均粒径为18.234μm,粒径在9.525~32.400μm的占总数的80%以上。包封率为(86.12±0.77)%,载药量为(34.51±0.63)%。环孢素-聚乳酸微球的体外释药情况为30 d,累积释药量为40.8%,在释放前期释放速率较快,5 d后释放变得平稳。结论:可获得较满意的环孢素聚乳酸微球制备工艺,且微球具有明显的缓释性能。     

肺靶向红霉素聚乳酸微球的研究

目的　用生物可降解材料聚乳酸 (PDLLA)制备肺靶向红霉素缓释微球 (ERY PDLLA MS)。方法　用正交设计优化微球制备工艺 ,用扫描电子显微镜观察微球表面形态 ,差示扫描热分析确证含药微球的形成。并对所制备的红霉素微球的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率、工艺重现性、体外释药、稳定性及在体内各组织的分布进行了研究。结果　微球形态圆整 ,且药物确已被包裹在微球中 ,而非机械混合。微球的平均粒径为 11.18μm ,粒径在 5～ 2 0 μm占总数的 94 %以上 ,载药量为 2 4 .16 % ,包封率为 6 3.5 4 % ,最佳工艺条件重现性良好 ,微球在 4℃及 2 5℃放置三个月各方面性质稳定 ,体外释药符合Higuchi方程Q =2 8.0 6 7+3.85 15t1/ 2 (r=0 .9834) ,动物体内实验表明 ,红霉素微球混悬剂较普通注射剂更聚集在肺组织。结论　微球制备工艺稳定 ,具有明显的缓释作用和肺靶向性     

乳化溶剂扩散-吸附法制备肺靶向ADM-PLGA微球

目的制备阿霉素(ADM)-乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)微球并考察其特性。方法选用生物可降解的乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物为载体材料,采用乳化溶剂扩散-吸附法制备ADM-PLGA微球。结果制备的微球外观圆整,粒径范围在7～20μm,占90.07%,载药量为5.93%,包封率为38.3%。结论该法制备的微球粒径和载药量符合肺靶向ADM-PLGA微球要求。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.