正交试验优选黄芪有效成分的提取工艺

目的:优选黄芪有效成分的提取工艺。方法:采用正交试验L9(34)优化提取工艺,以乙醇体积分数醇度、乙醇溶剂用量、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,以主要有效成分黄芪甲苷,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的提取率为指标。结果:最佳工艺为用10倍量80%乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1 h。结论:优选的工艺稳定、合理,可用于黄芪有效成分的提取及质量控制方法标准。     

HPLC测定芪肾口服液中黄芪甲苷和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的含量

目的建立高效液相法测定芪肾口服液中黄芪甲苷及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的含量。方法采用C18色谱柱,蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)测定黄芪甲苷含量,ELSD条件:乙腈-水(32∶68)为流动相,漂移管温度102℃,载气流速2.7L/min;采用紫外检测器(DAD)测定毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量,DAD条件:乙腈-0.2%甲酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长260nm。结果黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷线性范围分别为1.1~16.5μg,0.096~0.382μg,平均加样回收率分别为96.73%(RSD=2.08%),100.70%(RSD=3.12%)。结论该方法测定结果可靠,为含黄芪制剂质量标准建立提供参考。     

高速逆流色谱法分离纯化黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮苷和芒柄花苷

目的:建立高速逆流色谱法(HSCCC)分离纯化黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮苷和芒柄花苷的方法。方法:黄芪粗提物分别采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(1∶10∶2∶10)、乙酸乙酯-乙醇-正丁醇-水(30∶10∶6∶50)两相溶剂系统进行HSCCC分离纯化,下相为流动相,流速分别为2.5 m L·min~(-1)、2.0 mL·min~(-1),转速900 r·min~(-1),检测波长254 nm,所得产物采用高效液相进行纯度测定。结果:300 mg黄芪粗提物分离得到毛蕊异黄酮苷(20 mg)、芒柄花苷(25 mg),两个化合物经高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析,纯度均大于95%。结论:高速逆流色谱法是一种高效分离纯化黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮苷和芒柄花苷的方法。     

采用体外肠道菌群实验研究防风对黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷代谢的影响

目的?研究防风对黄芪中主要活性成分毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷在大鼠肠道菌群中代谢的影响,从代谢的角度探讨黄芪-防风药对配伍应用的科学内涵。方法?通过肠道菌群实验比较不同时间点黄芪组和黄芪-防风组以及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷单体组和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷-防风组中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮的浓度。结果?与黄芪组相比,不同时间点黄芪-防风组毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的浓度均增高,毛蕊异黄酮的浓度均降低。与毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖组相比,不同时间点毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷-防风组毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的浓度均增高,毛蕊异黄酮的浓度均降低。结论?防风能抑制黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转化为毛蕊异黄酮的水解反应,减缓其代谢。      

降糖1号水提部分提取工艺研究

目的：优选降糖1号中黄芪、地骨皮等水提部分药材的提取工艺条件。方法：建立水提液中黄芪甲苷的RP－HPLC－ELSD含量测定方法。采用正交试验法,以黄芪甲苷得率为指标,考察加水量、提取时间、提取次数对黄芪甲苷得率的影响,优选水提部分药材的提取工艺条件。结果：水提取部分的最优工艺条件为：12倍量水提取3次,每次1 h。结论：优选得到的工艺条件,设计合理,稳定可控,有效成分得率较高。     

山楂中金丝桃苷最佳提取工艺优选

目的：优选山楂中金丝桃苷的提取工艺条件。方法：以料液比、乙醇浓度、提取时间和提取次数为影响因素,选用L9（34）表设计的正交试验考察乙醇回流提取法提取金丝桃苷的最佳条件,以高效液相色谱法测定的金丝桃苷含量为考察指标评价各种条件的提取效率。结果：山楂中金丝桃苷的最佳提取工艺为：8倍量体积分数50%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h。实验所测得金丝桃苷的平均含量为1.91%。结论：优选工艺提取的金丝桃苷成分含量高,工艺简单,经济方便。     

黄芪总皂苷提取工艺研究

目的研究黄芪总皂苷最佳提取工艺.方法采用正交设计法优选,以黄芪甲苷、黄芪总皂苷和总提取物为检测指标.结果最佳提取条件为:70%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2小时,第1次加8倍量,第2次加6倍量.结论醇提工艺中黄芪甲苷和总皂苷的得率高于水提工艺.     

黄芪散中黄芪的质量控制

目的：建立黄芪散黄芪药材中皂苷类成分及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的质量控制方法。方法以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、黄芪甲苷为对照品,采用HPLC法、HPLC-ELSD法、UV法控制黄芪散中黄芪的质量。结果采用HPLC法及HPLC-ELSD法测定毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、黄芪甲苷的质量分数,各有效成分完全分离,峰面积与其质量浓度分别在0.68~4.52μg、1.96~9.8μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率分别是98.85%、98.43%,RSD分别是1.08%、1.31%( n=6)。采用UV法测定黄芪散中总皂苷的质量分数,吸光度与其对照品的质量浓度在4.9~49.0μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为97．90%,RSD为1.35%( n=6)。结论本方法准确、简便、重复性好,可较好控制黄芪散中皂苷类成分及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的质量。     

黄芪醇提工艺研究

目的:研究黄芪醇提工艺参数。方法:采用已经优选的乙醇浓度进行正交设计,以黄芪甲苷为含量测定指标,HPLC为含量测定手段。结果:黄芪醇提的工艺为:用80%的乙醇进行提取,溶媒用量为药材量的24倍(10:7:7),回流提取3次,提取总时间180min(1.5h:1h:0.5h)。结论:该工艺稳定可靠,可以用于黄芪的醇提取。     

黄芪赤风汤指纹图谱建立及主要成分含量测定

目的 建立10批黄芪赤风汤供试品溶液的指纹图谱，以及对方中芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷7种主要成分进行测定。方法 采用Diamonsil C18(2)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)；使用0.05%甲酸水(B)-5%四氢呋喃95%乙腈(D)为流动相进行梯度洗脱；流量：1 mL/min；柱温：23℃，进样量：10μL。基于HPLC-ELSD法，漂移管温度：60℃，柱温：30℃，进样量：20μL。结果 10批黄芪赤风汤供试品共标出16个共有峰，其相似度均在0.9以上，并对毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素、芍药苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芍药内酯苷分别进行指认；基于HPLC-ELSD法：10批黄芪赤风汤其相似度均在0.903以上。且7种主要成分在各自的加样范围中线性关系良好，各自加样回收率RSD≤3%，含量为：芍药内酯苷(9.58±1.70)mg/g、芍药苷(8.36±0.78)mg/g、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷(0.77±0.11)mg/g、芒柄花苷(0.16±0.06)mg/g、毛蕊异黄酮(0.50±0.06)m...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.