瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于老年患者腹腔镜手术麻醉的观察

目的观察瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于老年患者腹腔镜手术麻醉的临床效果。方法 ASAⅡ-Ⅲ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的老年患者60例,随机分成丙泊酚瑞芬太尼组（PR）和丙泊酚芬太尼组（PF）,每组30例;麻醉诱导用丙泊酚1mg/kg和瑞芬太尼2μg/kg或芬太尼2μg/kg,麻醉维持用持续静脉泵入丙泊酚每小时7mg/kg和瑞芬太尼每分钟0.2μg/kg或芬太尼每分钟0.03μg/kg。记录两组各时段血流动力学变化,麻醉恢复情况（自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间）及不良反应等。结果两组麻醉效果好,两组患者诱导后血压,心率都显著降低（P〈0.05）;PR组苏醒期血压,心率显著升高（P〈0.05）,PR组苏醒快,拔管早（P〈0.05）。结论瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于老年患者腹腔镜手术麻醉比芬太尼更具优越性。     

瑞芬太尼在颅脑手术中的应用

目的 比较异丙酚-瑞芬太尼和异丙酚-芬太尼静脉复合麻醉在神经外科手术中对血流动力学和苏醒、拔管的影响.方法 30例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级行颅内肿瘤切除手术的患者随机分为两组,PR组采用异丙酚和瑞芬太尼诱导,以瑞芬太尼8 ug/(kg·h),异丙酚1.5 mg/(kg·h)维持;PF组采用异丙酚和芬太尼诱导,以异丙酚1.5mg/(kg·h)和间断推注芬太尼2 μg/kg维持.两组均记录术前、麻醉诱导后、气管插管时、切皮4个时点的血压、心率值.手术结束后记录术毕至清醒时间和术毕至拔管时间.结果 诱导后PF组SBP高于PR组(P<0.05);插管时PF组SBP、DBP、MAP和HR均较PR组高(P<0.05);切皮时PF组的HR较PR组高(P<0.05),而SBP、DBP、MAP比较无显著性差异.术毕至清醒的时间和术毕至拔管的时间PR组要明显短于PF组(P<0.05).结论 与异丙酚-芬太尼静脉复合麻醉相比,异丙酚和瑞芬太尼静脉复合麻醉,能更好地调节麻醉深度,维持血流动力学稳定,苏醒更加迅速.     

乳腺癌仿根治术患者丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼与七氟烷复合氧化亚氮麻醉效果的比较

目的 比较乳腺癌仿根治术患者丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉与七氟烷复合氧化亚氮麻醉的效果.方法择期行乳腺癌仿根治术患者60例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄20～60岁,体重45～80 kg.随机分为:丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼组(PR组)和七氟烷复合氧化亚氮组(SN组),每组30例.麻醉诱导:PR组丙泊酚剂鼍2 mg/kg,瑞芬太尼剂量2 μg/kg;SN组吸入8%七氟烷-氧化亚氮行肺活量法诱导.麻醉维持:PR组丙泊酚静脉输注速度6～10 mg/(kg·h),瑞芬太尼静脉输注速度0.2～0.3 μg/(kg·min).SN组维持七氟烷挥发罐刻度为2%～3%.记录两种麻醉诱导的情况;两组患者不同时间点通气和血流动力学及应激水平的改变情况;麻醉时间,睁眼时间,拔除喉罩时间和完全清醒时间;入术后恢复室(PACU)评分情况和用药情况.结果 与SN组比较,PR组的睫毛反射消失时间,下颌松弛的时间,诱导时间均缩短,但呼吸暂停的几率明显增多;睁眼时间,喉罩拔除时间,完全清醒时间方面均延长;术后恶心呕吐几率低,但疼痛较明显.结论 乳腺癌仿根治术患者,丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉或七氟烷复合氧化亚氮麻醉效果均较好,两种麻醉方法相比较无绝对的优势.     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在小儿扁桃体摘除术中的应用

目的观察丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉用于小儿扁桃体摘除术的效果。方法将小儿扁桃体摘除术50例,随机分为芬太尼组及瑞芬太尼两组,每组25例。瑞芬太尼组缓慢静注0.1mg/kg咪唑安定、0.10mg/kg万可松、1.5mg/kg丙泊酚,1μg/kg瑞芬太尼,经口明视气管插管,机械通气。输注瑞芬太尼0.05～0.20μg/(kg·min)、丙泊酚0.25～0.5μg/(kg·min)维持麻醉。芬太尼组以静注咪唑安定、万可松、丙泊酚,3～4μg/kg芬太尼麻醉诱导、插管,以0.25～0.5μg/(kg·min)丙泊酚、间断注射芬太尼维持麻醉。患儿自主呼吸恢复、神智清醒后拔管。结果两组患儿性别、年龄、体重、手术时间相比差异无统计学意义;两组病例麻醉效果满意,心率(HR)、血压(BP)、心电图(ECG)、PETCO2、血氧饱和度(SPO2)均正常,均未发生手术及麻醉并发症;瑞芬太尼组吞咽恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔除气管导管时间明显小于芬太尼组(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉应用于小儿扁桃体摘除手术,与丙泊酚、芬太尼静脉麻醉比较,具有诱导迅速、麻醉平稳、术后清醒快,并发症少等优点,是较为理想的麻醉方法。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于老年高血压腹腔镜胆囊术的观察

目的探讨瑞芬太尼对腹腔镜胆囊手术老年高血压病人的影响。方法 40例全麻下拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的老年高血压患者随机分为瑞芬太尼组和芬太尼组,瑞芬太尼组术中维持用丙泊酚0.1~0.15 mg/(kg·min)和0.1~0.5μg/(kg·min)瑞芬太尼静脉微泵维持;芬太尼组以芬太尼0.05 mg静脉间断推注1~2次,丙泊酚0.15~0.3 mg/(kg·min)维持麻醉。记录两组患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、拔管时间及苏醒评分。结果两组气腹后、手术中、术后拔管时MAP、HR,瑞芬太尼组值明显低于芬太尼组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。瑞芬太尼组的拔管时间为(9.40±0.99)min,较芬太尼组的(19.35±4.51)min短;30 min和60 min时间段苏醒评分为(5.60±0.50)、(5.80±0.41)分,较芬太尼组(4.35±+0.48)、(5.15±0.36)分高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼在老年高血压腹腔镜胆囊术能维持循环稳定,自主呼吸恢复快,苏醒迅速,减少应激反应。     

低剂量瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于小儿全凭静脉麻醉的临床观察

目的:比较低剂量瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚与氯胺酮复合丙泊酚用于小儿短小手术全凭静脉麻醉的临床效果。方法:选择60例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期手术患儿,随机分为氯胺酮复合丙泊酚组(K组,n=30)和低剂量瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(R组,n=30)。两组患儿入手术室后均先静脉注射丙泊酚2mg/kg负荷量,K组术中用氯胺酮100mg+丙泊酚200mg混合液1ml/(kg·h)持续输注,R组术中用瑞芬太尼0.05μg/(kg·min)和丙泊酚200μg/(kg·min)持续输注。术中根据手术刺激大小及患儿反应调整给药速度。记录围麻醉期心率和呼吸变化、停药后苏醒时间及术中、术后不良反应情况。结果:与K组相比,R组术中心率、呼吸较平稳,苏醒时间短,术中、术后不良反应少。结论:低剂量瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉术中麻醉平稳、苏醒快、不良反应少,是小儿短小手术较好的麻醉方法。     

瑞芬太尼或芬太尼复合异丙酚用于腹腔镜手术麻醉的临床观察

目的比较瑞芬太尼或芬太尼复合异丙酚用于腹腔镜手术麻醉的临床效果.方法ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的病入100例,随机分为异丙酚瑞芬太尼组(PR)和异丙酚芬太尼组(PF),每组50例.麻醉诱导用异丙酚(1～2mg/kg)和瑞芬太尼(2ug/kg)或芬太尼(2.5ug/kg),麻醉维持用持续静脉泵入异丙酚(2mg·kg·h-1)和瑞芬太尼(0.2ug·kg1·min-1)或芬太尼(0.03ug·k-1·min-1),同时吸入1%异氟醚.观察血流动力学,麻醉苏醒及不良反应等情况.结果两组麻醉效果无显著差异,两组患者诱导后血压均明显降低(P＜0.01),心率减慢(P＜0.05),PR组心率减慢持续到术毕(P＜0.05),PR组作用强于PF组,术毕苏醒快,拔管早.结论异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼比芬太尼更优越、安全.     

芬太尼复合丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉在宫腔镜诊疗中的应用比较

目的：比较芬太尼复合丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉在宫腔镜诊疗中的应用。方法观察组：瑞芬太尼1μg/kg（30 s左右注射完）＋丙泊酚2 mg/kg诱导,术中持续泵注瑞芬太尼0.05μg/（kg·min）和丙泊酚1～2 mg/（kg·h）;对照组：芬太尼2μg/kg（30 s左右注射完）＋丙泊酚2 mg/kg诱导,术中全程持续泵注1～2 mg/（kg·h）丙泊酚。对两组进行观察和比较。结果两种麻醉方式均能达到良好的麻醉效果,但后者更能维持血流动力学的稳定性,且术后苏醒更快。结论瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于宫腔镜麻醉更有优势。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在小儿全凭静脉麻醉的应用

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于小儿短小手术全凭静脉麻醉的临床疗效和安全性.方法 选择40例ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级患儿随机分为两组,每组20例.两组诱导均静脉给予氯胺酮2 mg/kg,对照组持续静脉注射氯胺酮4 mg/(kg·h)和丙泊酚4 mg/(kg·h);观察组泵注瑞芬太尼0.05～0.1μg/(kg·min)复合丙泊酚4 mg/(kg·h).术中监测ECG,BP,HR,SpO2、呼吸频率,并记录苏醒时间和不良反应.结果 两组麻醉效果均满意,术中BP,SpO2平稳,但观察组HR较术前明显减慢(P<0.05),而对照组较术前明显增快(P<0.05).前者苏醒时间明显短于后者(P<0.05).结论 瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚能很好地满足小儿短小手术非气管内插管全麻的需要.过程平稳,苏醒迅速,并发症少,安全性高,值得在临床推广.     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼对胆囊腹腔镜手术患者麻醉效果的临床研究

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚全静脉麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果.方法 将86例患者随机分为瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(观察组)与芬太尼复含丙泊酚组(对照组),分别以瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚、芬太尼复合丙泊酚进行麻醉,比较两组在自主呼吸、拔管时间、睁眼时间、定向力恢复时间等方面的差异.结果 两组间上述值比较差异均有统计学意义.结论 丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控静脉麻醉诱导平稳且苏醒完全,麻醉效果满意.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.