Value of X-ray Imaging Diagnosis with Foot Disease of Diabetes Mellitus

目的:探讨糖尿病足的X线平片表现及其临床价值.方法:回顾分析13例临床确诊为糖尿病足的X线平片特征,加以总结.结果:糖尿病足的X线平片影像学改变为骨质疏松、骨质破坏、骨性关节炎和软组织肿胀为主要影像学改变.结论:X线平片检查简便、经济,可提供糖尿病足的骨质损害征象,能基本反映其病理改变,是指导糖尿病足诊疗的有效影像学方法之一,但诊断必须密切结合临床.     

回顾性分析甲状腺片与左旋甲状腺素片及联合用药在甲减危象救治过程中的疗效

目的 观察甲状腺片与左旋甲状腺素片在粘液水肿性昏迷患者抢救治疗中的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2001年-2015年9例粘液水肿性昏迷患者的临床资料,对补充甲状腺素片、左旋甲状腺素钠片及两者联合的治疗结果进行对比分析.结果 用甲状腺片的3例患者生命体征回升的时间为2～6h,清醒时间为10 ～ 28h,其中1例发生快速性心律失常;使用左旋甲状腺素片的3例患者中,2例生命体征回升时间为8～18 h,清醒时间为36 ～72 h,另1例治疗3d仍昏迷无反应;使用甲状腺素片联合左旋甲状腺素片的3例患者,生命体征回升的时间为4～12h,清醒时间为24 ～54 h.结论 甲状腺素片联合左旋甲状腺素片在粘液水肿性昏迷患者抢救过程中的疗效确切,但因临床病例少见,在粘液水肿性昏迷患者的救治中是否优先选择甲状腺素片联合左旋甲状腺素片还需进一步观察.     

祛黄I号片治疗肝细胞性黄疸临床观察

目的研究祛黄I号片临床降黄效果,为临床选择应用提供依据.方法设治疗组31例,给祛黄I号片7片po,tid,阳性对照组30例,用苦黄注射液30ml,加在10%葡萄糖注射液中,iv qd,进行疗效比较.结果 祛黄I号片与苦黄注射液临床降黄效果及其它辅助检查指标,临床症状改善显著,但两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05).表明祛黄I号片治疗细胞性黄疸的降黄疗效确切.结论 祛黄I号片降黄效果肯定,安全性好,价格低廉,药源充足,具有开发前景.     

三维CT(CT 3-D)在骨关节损伤中的诊断分析

目的 探讨三维CT(CT 3-D)应用在骨关节损伤患者诊断中的临床价值.方法 随机选择我院2014年6月-2016年6月收治的骨关节损伤患者作为研究对象,共选择46例,对其进行X线片、普通CT横断扫描及CT 3-D检查诊断,依据手术结果,分析三种不同诊断方式的临床价值.结果 X线片整体诊断率为65.22％,CT扫描整体诊断率为84.78％,CT 3-D整体诊断率为100.00％,CT 3-D诊断率显著高于X线片、CT,数据比较差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 X线片、CT及CT 3-D三种诊断方式应用在骨关节损伤中均具有较高的价值,但X线片难以在复杂骨关节损伤诊断中发挥明显的作用,CT检查则需要医师具有丰富的阅片经验,相对而言,CT 3-D则是当前临床对复杂骨关节损伤最理想的诊断方法,具有重要的临床价值.     

0～Ⅰ期乳腺癌28例的临床与影像特点

目的 通过对0～Ⅰ期(早期)乳腺癌病例的钼靶X线、超声及临床查体特点的分析,探讨乳腺癌的早期发现方法 .方法 经手术病理证实的28例0～Ⅰ期乳腺癌术前均行临床查体、双侧钼靶X线摄片和全乳腺超声扫描.结果 临床查体对0～Ⅰ期早期乳腺癌的诊断符合率为57.1 %(16/28),超声、钼靶X线摄片可达85.7%(24/28)和 89.3%(25/28).早期乳腺癌临床表现仍以乳腺内肿块为主,占诊断阳性病例的87.5%(14/16),X线摄片特点以结节肿块影为主,占56%(14/25),低回声实性占位为早期乳腺癌主要的超声特点,所占比例为占75%(18/24).8例0期乳腺癌中,X线摄片诊断符合率为100.0%(8/8),超声和临床查体均为50%(4/8),以钼靶摄片上的恶性钙化为其主要表现.超声诊断Ⅰ期乳腺癌的符合率为100.0%(20/20),X线摄片、临床查体分别为85.0%(17/20)和 40%(8/20),超声检查对于年轻、致密性腺体具有优势.结论 早期乳腺癌无论在临床表现、影像学检查均可出现不典型特征,乳腺X线摄片、超声及临床查体是早期发现乳腺癌的重要手段,诊断时又各有疏漏,应综合考虑,互相弥补,当其中一项高度疑为乳腺癌时,均应予以重视,及时明确诊断.     

临床触诊阴性的乳腺病灶超声和钼靶X线摄片对照及联合应用的分析

目的 探讨乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查对临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶临床应用的价值.方法 回顾性分析192例临床触诊阴性乳腺病例(254个病灶),所有患者均行乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片对照检查,所有病灶均有病理学诊断.结果 254个临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶中,超声和钼靶X线摄片检查对其诊断的灵敏度分别为39.1%(18/46)、60.8%(28/46),联合检查的灵敏度为90.0%(40/46).结论乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查的联合应用在临床触诊阴性的乳腺癌早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗中可发挥重要作用.     

螺旋CT对鼻部复合骨折的诊断价值

随着交通事故、工伤和暴力事件的频发,鼻骨骨折、上颌骨额突骨折及伴发邻近骨复杂骨折的发生率逐渐增加.临床上单凭外伤史、鼻部触诊及常规的鼻骨X片侧位片检查,常有一定的漏诊.而螺旋CT的应用为颌面部复杂骨折的诊断提供了新的诊断技术.本文旨在探讨其对鼻外伤、鼻眶骨折、上颌骨额突骨折的临床应用价值.     

晚发型脊柱骨骺发育不良伴进行性骨关节病的影像学诊断

目的 探讨晚发型脊柱骨骺发育不良伴进行性骨关节病(SEDT-PA)的影像学表现及其病理基础. 资料与方法搜集经临床及影像学检查确诊的SEDT-PA同胞姊妹3例,摄双手及腕关节、双肘关节、双髋关节正位X线片,双膝关节及脊柱正侧位片;均行胸腰椎MRI扫描.结果 X线片及MRI片均可见椎体变扁,呈"横置花瓶"状和"子弹头"状改变,椎间隙明显变窄.X线片上表现为关节间隙变狭窄,骨端膨大及明显骨质增生.MRI上可见椎间盘变薄,纤维环和髓核结构不能分辨.结论根据特征性的影像学表现,结合临床特点能够明确SEDT-PA的诊断.     

胃肠道穿孔患者采用腹部平片与多层螺旋CT诊断的临床效果对照研究

目的 比较多层螺旋CT与腹部平片诊断胃肠道穿孔患者的临床效果.方法 研究对象来源于收治的胃肠道穿孔患者45例,均采用多层螺旋CT与腹部平片诊断,比较两种方式的诊断效果.结果 45例患者接受腹部平片检查后提示胃肠壁均为阴性,游离气体检出率为60.0%,CT检出率为93.3%,对比有显著性差异(P<0.05);CT诊断胃肠道穿孔部位与原因的准确率为86.7%,显示征象为腹腔积液征与脂肪间隙密度提升.结论 多层螺旋CT诊断胃肠道穿孔患者相较于腹部平片临床准确度更高,值得推广.     

移动数字化X线(DR)床边摄影对临床应用的价值浅析

目的:通过对移动数字化X线床头摄片机(DR)摄影的日常工作总结整理,统计临床开具床头检查部位的具体数据,并分析此项检查在临床的实际应用与价值分析.方法:收集我科自2016年5月-2017年4月的移动DR床头摄片,病例2058例.年龄范围为:1天-97岁.男女比例1.5∶1,其中男性1251人,女性834人.结果:依据床头DR的甲片标准,对体位摆放,尽可能去除图像异物,是否标记左右,图像对比度,密度等质量评价,摄片成功率100％,其中甲级摄片率85％;乙级摄片率15％,无费片可能且能即时看到影像.结论:移动数字化X线床头摄片机(DR)对临床的应用具有很重要的价值意义,值得大力推广使用.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.