miR-98在哮喘患儿外周血单个核细胞中的表达及意义

目的 探讨支气管哮喘患儿外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中miR-98的表达及其临床意义.方法 收集43例发作期和缓解期哮喘患儿,30例健康儿童(对照组)的外周血标本,分离PBMCs,采用实时定量PCR法检测PBMCs中miR-98及IL-13、IL-4 mRNA的相对表达量.结果 miR-98在哮喘发作期患儿PBMCs中的表达低于缓解期和对照组儿童,而IL-13、IL-4在哮喘发作期患儿PBMCs中的mRNA水平均高于缓解期和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01);缓解期患儿和对照组间miR-98、IL-4 mRNA和IL-13 mRNA水平差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).哮喘患儿发作期,miR-98水平与IL-4、IL-13 mRNA相对表达量均呈负相关(r=-0.794、-0.804,P均<0.001),IL-4和IL-13 mRNA相对表达量呈正相关(r=0.853,P<0.001).结论 miR-98在哮喘发作期患儿PBMCs中表达降低,可能与小儿哮喘的发作相关.     

支气管哮喘患儿外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞17、白细胞介素-17、白细胞介素-21水平变化

目的 检测辅助性T淋巴细胞17(Th17)及细胞因子IL-17、IL-21在支气管哮喘(哮喘)患儿外周血中的表达,探讨其在儿童哮喘发病机制中的作用.方法 以哮喘患儿60例(哮喘组)为研究对象,根据病情分为哮喘发作期(发作期组,n=30)、哮喘缓解期(缓解期组,n=30);以健康儿童30例作为健康对照组.分离外周血单个核细胞,采用流式细胞术检测其Th17细胞百分率.采用ELISA法检测各组IL-17、IL-21表达水平.采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 哮喘发作期组患儿外周血中Th17及 IL-17 水平明显高于缓解期组和健康对照组(Pa<0.05);哮喘发作期组患儿血清IL-21表达水平明显低于缓解期组和健康对照组(Pa<0.05);哮喘缓解期组与健康对照组外周血Th17、IL-17、IL-21水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05).结论 Th17、IL-17通过全身系统性炎症反应参与儿童哮喘的发病,IL-21可作为儿童哮喘的控制指标,亦有望为哮喘的治疗提供新的靶点.     

哮喘患儿IL-4、IL-12与IgE水平的初步研究

采用双抗夹心EIASA法测定30例哮喘发作期、12例哮喘缓解期患儿血浆及外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素12(IL-12)与血清IgE的水平,结果表明:哮喘患儿发作期、缓解期血清IgE水平、血浆及PBMC经PHA和LPS刺激后的IL-4水平较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.01),IL-12水平较正常对照组明显降低(P<0.01)。且缓解期IgE、IL-4及IL-12水平较发作期均有明显差异(P<0.05)。提示哮喘患儿发作期及缓解期均存在IgE、IL-4及IL-12水平失衡。     

哮喘患儿血清白细胞介素-4、12与细胞免疫的相关性

目的探讨不同病期哮喘患儿血清IL-12、IL-4水平、细胞免疫功能及其相互关系。方法随机选择哮喘患儿50例。婴幼儿哮喘13例,儿童哮喘37例。发作期30例,经吸入激素治疗后缓解期患儿20例。健康对照组22例。IL-12、IL-4测定采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法(ELISA)。采用碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶桥联酶标试验(APAAP)检测T细胞亚群,采用郭氏法检测红细胞免疫功能。结果1.哮喘患儿发作期、缓解期和对照组IL-12水平分别为(24.44±13.26)、(42.30±12.65)、(44.68±28.28)ng/L,3组比较有显著性差异(F=8.92P<0.01),发作期明显低于其他两组,缓解期与对照组无显著性差异。2.IL-4在发作期、缓解期、对照组阳性率分别为70%、35%、9%,发作期明显高于缓解期(χ2=5.96P<0.05),缓解期仍高于对照组(χ2=4.17P<0.05)。3.哮喘患儿与健康儿童相比,CD3(t=3.18P<0.01)、CD4(t=5.51P<0.01)、CD8(t=10.38P<0.01)均降低,CD4/CD8升高(t=4.28P<0.01),RBC-C3bR降低(t=4.65P<0.01),RBC-IC增高(t=10.22P<0.01)。4.IL-4与IL-12呈显著负相关(r=-0.43P<0.05),与RBC-IC呈显著正相关(r=0.49P<0.05)。结论哮喘患儿存在Th1/Th2类细胞因子失衡和细胞免疫功能紊乱状态,哮喘患儿缓解期IL-12水平恢复至接近健康儿童,IL-4水平仍高于健康儿童。应坚持长期抗感染治疗。     

哮喘患儿外周血CD4~+T细胞来源瘦素水平的变化

目的检测哮喘患儿外周血CD4+T细胞瘦素表达的水平,探讨其在哮喘发生发展中的作用。方法收集27例哮喘患儿在发作期和缓解期以及25例健康对照儿童的外周血标本,分离外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),再用CD4+T细胞免疫磁珠分离CD4+T细胞,体外培养,酶联免疫吸附试验检测上清液中瘦素水平。采用实时定量PCR方法检测PBMC中孤儿核受体γt(RORγt)相对表达量。结果哮喘发作期、缓解期患儿以及健康对照儿童的CD4+T细胞培养液中瘦素水平分别为(68.46±13.08)pg/ml、(36.73±6.13)pg/ml及(32.82±5.79)pg/ml,三组间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);经两两比较,发作期高于缓解期和健康对照儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);而缓解期和健康对照儿童的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。哮喘发作期、缓解期患儿以及健康对照儿童的血浆瘦素水平分别为(16.64±3.53)ng/ml、(14.91±3.24)ng/ml及(13.72±5.79)ng/ml,三组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。哮喘发作期、缓解期患儿以及健康对照儿童PBMC中RORγt的相对表达量分别为(0.341±0.175)、(0.089±0.028)及(0.068±0.018),三组间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);两两比较,发作期高于缓解期和健康对照儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01);缓解期和健康对照儿童的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。哮喘患儿发作期CD4+T细胞培养液中瘦素水平与PBMC中RORγt相对表达量呈正相关(r=0.681,P0.01)。结论哮喘患儿CD4+T细胞瘦素水平升高,与疾病的发生发展关系密切。     

尿白三烯E4检测在监测儿童支气管哮喘转归中的应用

目的 探讨尿白三烯E4(LTE4)检测在监测儿童支气管哮喘(哮喘)转归中的作用及哮喘患儿尿LTE4与呼吸道阻力(Rint)、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)计数的关系.方法 选取30例1～5岁未服用过白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁司特钠的哮喘患儿(哮喘组),分为急性发作期、慢性持续期(服用孟鲁司特钠1个月)及临床缓解期(服用孟鲁司特钠3个月);另选取20例健康儿童作为健康对照组.采用竞争性ELISA法检测4组儿童尿LTE4水平,并测定Rint与EOS.结果 哮喘组急性发作期、慢性持续期及临床缓解期患儿尿LTE4及Rint水平均明显高于健康对照组(Pa＜0.01);3个哮喘组尿LTE4,Rint及外周血EOS比较差异均有统计学意义(F=870.08、496.58、195.98,Pa＜0.01).急性发作期哮喘患儿的尿LTE4水平与Rint无相关性(r=0.11,P＞0.05).与EOS亦无相关性(r=-0.12,P＞0.05).结论 哮喘患儿急性发作期尿LTE4水平明显升高,随着哮喘症状的好转,尿LTE4水平也逐渐下降;动态监测哮喘患儿尿LTE4水平,可以为儿童哮喘的临床诊断,白三烯受体拮抗剂治疗哮喘的疗效评估提供客观依据.     

CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞比例及其调控因素变化对哮喘患儿的影响

目的 探讨哮喘患儿外周血滤泡样辅助性T细胞(CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞)比例及其转录调控因子BCL-6、BLIMP-1的表达变化.方法 依据病情将64例哮喘患儿分为哮喘急性期组(n=36)和哮喘缓解期组(n=28),另选取同期在我院行健康体检儿童25例为对照组.流式细胞术检测各组外周血CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞数量;实时荧光定量 PCR仪检测各组转录调控因子BCL-6、BLIMP-1 mRNA表达;双抗夹心ELISA法检测血浆总IgE、IL-2、IL-6 、IL-21浓度水平.结果 哮喘急性期组患儿CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞比例明显高于对照组及哮喘缓解期组(PPPPPP+CXCR5+Tfh细胞数量呈正相关(分别r=0.76、0.46,均Pr=-0.68, P结论 外周血CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞比例增高可能参与了儿童哮喘的急性发病过程,转录调控因子BCL-6 及BLIMP-1 mRNA的异常表达,以及局部微环境中总IgE和细胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-21的浓度改变可能与哮喘患儿CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞分化异常有关.     

小剂量依托红霉素对哮喘患儿痰液中性粒细胞及血清白介素-8、白介素-17的影响

目的探讨小剂量依托红霉素对哮喘患儿痰液中性粒细胞(PMN)及血清白介素-8(IL-8)、白介素-17(IL-17)水平的影响。方法 2007年1月至2009年1月,24例非嗜酸粒细胞哮喘儿童随机分为依托红霉素组及非依托红霉素组,各12例。两组患儿均接受正规阶梯治疗,包括规律性吸入糖皮质激素和间断应用β2受体激动剂。依托红霉素组在此基础上加用依托红霉素3～5 mg/(kg.d)口服,4周。两组患儿在急性期和恢复期均进行诱导痰细胞分类检查,ELISA方法检测血清IL-8和IL-17浓度,并进行肺功能检查。结果两组患儿缓解期诱导痰中的PMN明显低于急性发作期,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。依托红霉素组患儿缓解期的PMN明显低于非依托红霉素组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001);两组患儿缓解期血清IL-8、IL-17浓度明显低于急性发作期,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01),依托红霉素组缓解期患儿的血清IL-8、IL-17浓度低于非依托红霉素组缓解期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组患儿缓解期的肺功能较急性发作期明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);依托红霉素组的改善幅度(△PEFR%)优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.349;P=0.001)。结论小剂量依托红霉素可明显改善以PMN浸润为主的气道炎症性哮喘,可能是治疗儿童哮喘的一种新方法。[临床儿科杂志,2012,30(5):431-434]     

不同时期哮喘患儿血清白细胞介素-6变化的意义

目的探讨白细胞介素-6(IL-6)在支气管哮喘中的临床意义。方法采用放射免疫法检测29例哮喘急性发作期患儿、32例缓解期患儿血清IL-6水平,并设20例健康儿童为对照组。结果1.哮喘急性发作期患儿血清IL-6水平明显增高,与缓解期哮喘组及对照组比较,差异均非常显著(P均<0.001)。2.缓解期哮喘患儿IL-6水平仍高于正常对照组(P<0.001)。3.缓解期>3岁哮喘患儿IL-6水平较≤3岁组高(P<0.001)。结论IL-6参与哮喘的发病,在哮喘的各个时期发挥不同的生物学效应。     

急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜儿童T-bet和GATA3的表达

目的：通过分析急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）儿童血中转录因子T-bet和GATA3 mRNA的表达及细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-4的含量,探讨急性ITP发病机制中Th1/Th2细胞分化的趋势及其与转录因子的关系。方法：利用RT-PCR技术,测定急性TIP患儿发作期（n=30）和缓解期（n=28）外周血中T-bet和GATA3 mRNA 的表达,并使用ELISA法检测血浆IFN-γ和IL-4含量。20例健康儿童作为对照组。结果：ITP患儿发作期血中T-bet mRNA表达和IFN-γ含量明显高于缓解期和对照组（P＜0.01）。发作期血中GATA3 mRNA表达和IL-4的含量明显低于缓解期和对照组（P＜0.01）。结论：儿童急性ITP存在明显的Th1优势分化现象,且可能与转录因子T-bet和GATA3的调控作用有关。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（1）：29-31］     

Breastfeeding perceptions in communities in Mangochi district in Malawi

Aim: To investigate mothers’ perceptions of breastfeeding and influences from their social network. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was carried out in Mangochi district, Malawi where questionnaire data from 157 rural and 192 semi‐urban mother–infant pairs were obtained. Results: The proportion of mothers who thought that exclusive breastfeeding should last for 6 months and those who reported to have actually exclusively breastfed were 40.1% and 7.5% respectively. Of those who reported practising exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, 77.5% stated that exclusive breastfeeding should last for 6 months. This opinion was independently associated with giving birth in a Baby‐Friendly facility, OR = 5.22; 95% CI (1.92–14.16). Among the mothers who thought that exclusive breastfeeding should last for less than 6 months, 43.9% reported having been influenced in their opinion by health workers. Infant crying was the most common (62.4%) reason for stopping exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: The findings illustrate the positive impact health workers can have, as well as the need to raise awareness of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding among both health workers and mothers. Furthermore, continued counselling of mothers on how to deal with stressful infant behaviour such as crying may assist to prolong exclusive breastfeeding.     

胶原成分在儿童系膜增生性肾小球肾炎中的变化

目的观察系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（ＭｓＰＧＮ）系膜区胶原成分的变化。方法应用链菌素亲生物素过氧化酶连接法观察了３０例轻度ＭｓＰＧＮ肾穿刺活组织标本和正常的肾小球系膜区Ⅳ型胶原及其α链（α１、α３、α５链）、Ⅵ型胶原及Ⅰ型胶原的变化。结果（１）正常肾脏组织中，Ⅳ型胶原及其α１（Ⅳ）链分布于系膜区和基底膜，α３（Ⅳ）、α５（Ⅳ）链分布于基底膜，Ⅵ型胶原分布于系膜区、肾小球基底膜和间质，Ⅰ型胶原仅分布于肾间质。（２）在轻度ＭｓＰＧＮ时，系膜区内Ⅳ型胶原及其α１链、Ⅵ型胶原含量较正常对照明显增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）；当系膜区系膜细胞超过４个时，Ⅰ型胶原开始在肾小球内出现，且在硬化肾小球内Ⅰ型胶原均呈阳性；α３（Ⅳ）、α５（Ⅳ）链与正常对照比较无明显变化，硬化肾小球α３（Ⅳ）、α５（Ⅳ）染色呈阳性。结论系膜区胶原成分增多可先于系膜细胞增生，并随系膜细胞增生而增多，间质胶原成分Ⅰ型胶原，不但出现于硬化肾小球内，而且出现于系膜细胞增生较重时     

Achalasia in siblings in infancy

Achalasia is rare in children, more so familial. We report two siblings with familial achalasia who presented in their infancy with vomiting and failure to thrive. Achalasia can be misdiagnosed as upper gastrointestinal obstruction as happened in one of our siblings. Esophageal contrast roentgenography is diagnostic. Both the children were treated successfully by transabdominal esophagomyotomy with fundoplication.     

哮喘大鼠气道重塑中尾加压素-的表达变化

目的：研究哮喘大鼠气道重塑血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中尾加压素 Ⅱ（U-II）含量的变化及其作用。方法：32只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为正常对照组、哮喘2周组、哮喘4周组和哮喘8周组,每组8只。以卵清白蛋白(OVA)致敏与激发建立哮喘大鼠气道重塑模型,图像分析技术测量大鼠支气管壁总面积和平滑肌面积,计算单位基底膜周径(Pbm)的支气管壁厚度(Wat)和平滑肌厚度(Wam),ELISA法测定血清和BALF中U-II的含量。结果：哮喘各组Wat及Wam均明显高于正常对照组（P<0.01）;哮喘组血清和BALF中U-II含量均显著高于正常对照组（P<0.01）,其中哮喘8周组血清和BALF中U-II含量显著高于哮喘4周组和哮喘2周组（P<0.01）,哮喘4周组也显著高于哮喘2周组（P<0.01）。各组大鼠BALF中的U-II含量与Wat及Wam呈正相关,BALF与血清中U-II含量亦呈正相关。结论：哮喘大鼠气道重塑血清和BALF中U-II含量增加;且U-II含量的变化与气道重塑相关。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（4）：287-289］     

Cardiomyopathy in children in Ahmedabad

A clinical study and follow up of 20 children with cardiomyopathies upto age of 16 years are presented. The DCM was most common variety followed by RCM and HCM in pediatric age group. SHMD presenting with cardiomyopathy were common in infancy and early childhood. Cardiomyopathies presented most frequently between 2–5 years and 10–16 years age group with DCM having almost equal distribution. Clinical presentation of various types is described, despite of vigorous decongestive and vasodilator treatment in advanced cases, course was rapidly downhill and prognosis is poor in general.     

转流术治疗小儿精索静脉曲张

目的 采用转流术治疗小儿精索静脉曲张，重新建立精索静脉通道，使静脉回流受阻立即得到改善，消除因睾丸淤血而造成的损害，以利睾丸的正常发育。方法 对28例30侧(左侧26例，双侧2例)精索静脉曲张与腹壁下静脉进行吻合，通过腹壁下静脉，髂静脉转流，手术在放大镜下应用显微外科技术进行，其中28侧用精索静脉主干，2侧结扎一条属支，用另一条静脉进行吻合。结果 通畅率为100％。术后扩张迂曲静脉团消失，阴囊下坠感消失。术后随访24例，时间为3个月-10年。除1例二次手术证实为一条静脉属支漏扎而复发外，另23例全部治愈。结论 精索静脉曲张转流术效果明显优于结扎术，可减少因睾丸淤血对其造成的进一步损害，且术后复发率低。     

北京地区2007年儿童A群轮状病毒腹泻的流行病学研究

目的 研究北京地区急性腹泻儿童中A群轮状病毒(RV)感染的流行病学特点.方法 收集2007年4月至12月我院肠道门诊就诊的2039例急性腹泻患儿的粪便标本,采用标记金的A群RV单克隆抗体,以免疫层析双抗体夹心法定性检测A群RV抗原.结果 2039份粪便标本中,621份检测到A群RV,总检出率为30.5%(621/2039),其中男430例(69.2%),女191例(30.8%).RV感染者中,以6个月～2岁年龄段的患儿为最多,共571例(91.9%).检出率以10～12月份最高,均在30%以上,其中高峰出现在11月份,达43.4%.北京地区18个区县的统计数据显示,距市区较近的区县RV抗原检出率较低,边远区县较高.少部分患儿合并肠道细菌感染.结论 A群RV为北京地区2岁以下儿童急性腹泻病的主病原,6个月～2岁婴幼儿是A群RV的易感人群,10～12月份为北京地区的流行高峰.在流行季节对肠道细菌感染患儿常规进行A群RV抗原检测有助于避免漏诊和进行更合理的治疗.     

Poisoning in children in Japan

The Japan Poison Information Centre (JPIC) received 31510 inquiries about poisoning in children under 6 years old being exposed to poison in the fiscal year 1995. The most frequently implicated products were tobacco (20%) and the peak age for ingestion of household products was 1 year and younger (83.3%). Especially, the inquiries related to children less than 1 year old were 35.7% of the cases. In contrast, the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) data showed that the most common poisonings were due to pharmaceutical products and the inquiries related to children less than 1 year old were only 12.1%. The objective of this report was to find out the poison exposure in children in Japan and to compare the data with that of AAPCC.     

Cocaine use in pregnancy in Amsterdam

To study the effects of cocaine use in pregnancy in Amsterdam, clinical data on cocaine-using pregnant women ( n = 21) and their offspring ( n = 23) were obtained retrospectively (1987–1994) at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam. Infants exposed to cocaine had a median gestational age of 39 weeks and a median birth weight of 3090 g. There were six preterm infants, two small-for-gestational-age infants and five infants with a small head circumference. Three infants had a congenital malformation. One infant (Potter's syndrome) died shortly before birth. One infant had congenital syphilis, four had intracerebral abnormalities on ultrasound and four had abnormal neurologic symptoms in the neonatal period. One infant died after 21 days of life. At follow-up four infants showed abnormal development. In 12 of the 23 infants (52%), one or more possible effects of cocaine were found.