卫生监督在非典防制工作中的作用和地位

20 0 3年 5月 3日 ,奉化市报告 1例非典型肺炎疑似病人 ,经宁波市传染病医院治疗后情况好转 ,5月 2 1日经专家组会诊 ,排除非典型肺炎疑似诊断 ,出院并留家医学观察。其间 ,社会各界十分重视 ,卫生监督部门根据自己工作职责 ,开展了大量工作 ,发挥了卫生监督在非典防制工作中的作用。1　基本情况患者 ,男 ,2 4岁 ,奉化市人 ,在本市一家私营企业从事供销工作。 4月 11日去广州出差 ,4月 2 2日返回奉化 ,经体检无异常后在家休养 ,5月 2日自觉发热、头痛、咳嗽、乏力 ,去当地村卫生室就诊 ,测体温 3 8.5℃ ,给予退热、输液等治疗后转至奉化市人…     

传染性非典型肺炎健康教育的探讨与对策

20 0 3年春季,我国局部地区发生了传染性非典型肺炎地流行,山东省东营市人民医院于2 0 0 3年4月对住院的460名患者预防“非典”相关知识进行了调查,现报告如下。对象与方法1 对象　住院患者460名,其中男2 3 6人,占5 1 3 % ,女2 2 4人,占48 7% ;年龄在1 2～72岁,中专以上文化程度1 8人,占3 91 % ;高中文化程度1 2 3人,占2 6 7% ;初中以下文化程度3 1 9人,占69 3 5 % ;农民2 86人,占62 1 7% ;干部3 5人,占7 61 % ;工人1 0 5人,占2 2 83 % ;教师2 0人,占4 3 5 % ;学生1 4人,占3 0 4%。2 方法　采用问卷调查法,内容包括传染性非典型肺炎…     

鹿城区卫生监督人员状况分析

为掌握鹿城区卫生监督人员的数量、素质及分布状况 ,对我区 2 0 0 3年 8月 3 1日前在册的卫生监督人员现状进行了调查 ,现将结果报告如下。1　调查结果1.1　人员分布全区共有卫生监督人员 199人 ,其中行政管理机构 2 6人 ,卫生专业机构 1 73人。在卫生监督人员中 ,派出乡镇、街道卫生院的人员占 5 3 .8%,卫生监督所占 3 3 .2 %,行政管理机构占 1 3 %。1 .2　类别分布担任两类及以上监督任务的综合监督人员为84 .9%,担任职业病、食品卫生的分别为 5 .5 %和4 .5 %,公共场所和医疗卫生的监督人员各为 2 .5 %。1 .3　学历构成全区卫生监督人员中…     

广西重点人群传染性非典型肺炎监测与分析

目的 为了及时发现和监控传染性非典型肺炎病例，防止疫情扩散和蔓延，探讨影响疫情发生和发展的因素。方法 采用主动与被动相结合的疾病监测方法，在全区范围内对从外地返乡、来桂人群，非典病人密切接触者、发热病人实施监测，对入桂、入各市(县)车辆人员实施交通卫生检疫。结果 自2003年4月15日．2003年7月10日，全区组织1076万日人次参与重点人群监测和交通卫生检疫工作，共监测排查从外省(地)返乡人员625646人，其中从广东返乡501596人，累计发现发热病人7067人，确诊为非典病例6例；监测来桂人群201158人，其中从广东来51288人，发现发热病人981人，未查出非典病例；隔离观察非典密切接触者2213人，发现非典2例，发病率达90．4／10万；发热门诊接诊709843例发热病人，其中有3例确诊为非典病例也系返乡民工；相继设立518个交通卫生检疫站(点)，共检疫车辆1992231次，检疫人次数达到15800316，发现发热病人6388人，未能检出非典患者。结论 通过这次大范围监测，广西自4月中旬以后发生的ll例非典病人均能在第一时间(48h内)得以发现和监控，有效防止了疫情扩散和蔓延。表明广西尚属输入性地区，受到邻省疫情威胁不很严重，同时显示一些市(县)开展人群监测和交通卫生检疫有一定程度过度反应，付出的代价昂贵，急需建立起更高效、经济，适合常态管理的监测手段。     

嗜肺军团菌感染37例分析

在 2 0 0 3年抗击“非典”的特殊日子里 ,我区按照卫生部的要求 ,对符合《传染性非典型肺炎临床诊断标准 (施行 )》[1] 4条或仅符合第 2、3、4条的病人进行了隔离治疗 ,以做到早发现、早诊断、早报告、早隔离、早治疗病人。在 4～ 5月全国“非典”疫情较严重期间 ,我区各医疗机构共隔离治疗病人 13 9例 ,经我疾病预防控制中心采样送上海市疾病预防控制中心防疫科实验室检测 ,其中 3 7人为嗜肺军团菌感染 ,占总病例的 2 6.62 % ,位居本次检测的常见呼吸道致病菌之首 ,第 2位为乙型流感病毒 ,占10 .79% ,第 3位为肺炎支原体 ,占 7.19%。现将 3…     

湖北省部分卫生监督机构卫生监督人员现状调查分析

湖北省卫生监督体制改革地市完成 82 .4 %、县(市 )完成 4 3% ,及时了解掌握卫生监督人员的现状 ,对于合理配置卫生资源 ,最大限度地发挥卫生监督人员的作用 ,具有重要的意义。作者通过对我省省级和 6市 2 2县 (市 )卫生监督机构卫生监督人员的现状分析 ,对今后的卫生监督工作决策提供依据。1　基本情况我省省级和 6市 2 2县 (市 )卫生监督机构现有卫生监督员 112 8人 ,其中 :女 2 88人 ,男性 84 0人 ,负责公共卫生领域、医疗卫生保健的综合卫生监督执法工作。2　材料与方法2 .1　材料来源材料来源于湖北省卫生厅批准的卫生监督员资料。2 .2…     

坚持科学发展观 推动全省卫生事业再上新台阶

20 0 4年是加快卫生改革与发展的重要一年。我省卫生工作的主要任务是 :加强公共卫生体系建设 ;做好重大疾病防治 ;改善农村医疗卫生条件 ,建立和完善新型农村合作医疗制度 ;积极推进城市医疗卫生体制改革试点。1　瞄准目标 ,加快步伐 ,大力推进公共卫生体系建设 ;2　加强重大疾病的防治 ,抓好妇幼保健和爱国卫生工作 ;一是认真落实《广东省防治传染性非典型肺炎应急预案》、《2 0 0 3～ 2 0 0 4年非典防治工作方案》和《广东省人禽流感防治应急预案》 ,严防非典和人禽流感疫情的发生。二是要切实抓好艾滋病、性病的预防控制措施的落实。三…     

东风公司职工"非典"防治知识问卷调查

东风汽车公司作为国有大型企业 ,在“非典”流行期间 ,做了大量的宣传工作。为普及“非典”防治知识 ,东风公司编发了 16 3万册“非典”防治手册 ,自编了52 0 0份宣传画、5万份宣传单 ,开展了 4期广播、电视专题讲座以及电话咨询等其他宣传活动。为了解东风公司职工对“非典”知识的掌握情况 ,东风汽车公司卫生处于 2 0 0 3年 6月开展了预防“非典”的知识问卷调查 ,现将调查结果报告如下 :对象与方法1 对象　东风公司职工 2 0 0人。年龄 :2 0～ 30岁的占 2 6 2 % ,30～ 31岁的占 52 4 % ,4 1～ 50岁的占2 1 4 % ;性别 :男性占 53 7% ,女…     

廊坊市县两级卫生防疫站专业技术人员现状分析

按照河北省卫生厅关于开展卫生监督体制调研的要求 ,我们在对廊坊市各级卫生防疫站调研的基础上 ,对各级卫生防疫站专业技术人员现状进行了研究。1　资料来源与方法按卫生部统一印制的《卫生监督监测人员构成情况年报表》要求 ,由全市各级卫生防疫站组织填写上报 ,经逐一核实确认无误后进行统计分析。2　结果2 .1　学历结构　在全市 13个卫生防疫站的 82 9名卫生专业技术人员中 ,本科生 4 3个 ,占 5 .19% ;大专生 15 8人 ,占 19.0 6 % ;中专生 4 5 2人 ,占 5 4 .5 2 % ;无卫生专业学历 176人 ,占 2 1.2 3%。其本科、专科、中专、无卫生专业…     

北京市海淀区311名居民"非典"流行期间心理和行为调查

北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心健康教育所于2 0 0 3年 5月 2 2～ 2 8日对海淀区 9家单位职工在传染性非典型肺炎 (“非典”)流行期间心理及行为状况进行回顾性问卷调查 ,结果报告如下。对象与方法1 对象　北京市海淀区 9家单位 (其中 1家街道办事处、 2家商场、 3家服务行业、 3家企业事业单位 )各 3 5名职工 ,样本总量 3 1 5人 ,有效样本量 3 1 1人 ,有效应答率 99%。在有效调查的 3 1 1人中 ,平均年龄 42岁 ,年龄范围 1 6～ 61岁 ,其中男性占 5 6 6% ,女性占 43 4% ;文化程度以高中或中专 (3 9 95 % )和大专以上 (4 1 8% )为主 ;职业分…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.