特发性室性心动过速患者无人区电轴的研究

目的 研究特发性室速患者心电轴的特征。方法 全组60例室速患者，37例左室室速，23例右室室速。经体表心电图测定额面心电轴。结果 60例中20例存在无人区电轴，均为左室室速。右室室速无1例出现无人区电轴。存在无人区电轴的患者占左室室速患者的54．1％，20例中男性18例，女性患者2例。17例未出现无人区电轴的左室室速患者中男性11例，女性6例，这种性别差异有否普遍意义，还需进一步研究。结论 无人区电轴可以做为宽QRS波群心动过速鉴别诊断的一项指标。     

宽QRS波群心动过速的诊断思路

一．宽QRS波群心动过速的临床鉴别要点 1．患者有无器质性心脏病史室性心动过速(室速)多见于有器质性心脏病史的患者；室上性心动过速(室上速)多见于无器质性心脏病者。当患者有心肌梗死、心力衰竭病史，出现宽QRS波群心动过速时高度提示为室速，准确性达90％。但病史鉴别尚有局限性，有些室速可反复发作而无临床心脏病证据(特发性室速)，而有些器质性心脏病患者亦可有室上速发作。     

无人区电轴对房颤伴宽QRS波病人的诊断价值

目的研究房颤伴宽QRS波病人心电轴的特征。方法全组112例房颤合并宽QRS波病人,48例为房颤合并室性早搏或室性心动过速,64例为房颤合并室内差异性传导,经体表心电图测定额面电轴。结果 28例存在无人区电轴,均为房颤合并室性早搏或室性心动过速者,占所有合并室性早搏、室性心动过速病人的58.3%,64例房颤合并室内差异性传导者,无一例出现无人区电轴。结论无人区电轴可作为房颤合并宽QRS波鉴别诊断的一项指标。     

aVR导联四步流程在宽QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 验证分析aVR导联四步流程对宽QRS波心动过速(WCT)进行鉴别诊断的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析113例患者发生WCT时12导联体表心电图的形态学特征.按aVR导联四步流程分步骤地对113例WCT患者的心电图进行室性心动过速(室速)和室上性心动过速(室上速)的鉴别,将分析的结果与电生理检查结果进行比较,计算每一步...     

无人区心电轴对宽QRS波群心动过速的分析

目的分析宽QRS波群心动过速（WQRST）的心电图特征及鉴别诊断。方法对110例WQRST者,常规描记12导联同步心电图。目测Ⅰ、aVF导联心电轴。结果110例WQRST者中室性心动过速（VT）76例,室上性心动过速（SVT）伴心室内差异性传导（AVC）27例。SVT伴预激综合征（WPW）7例。24例存在无人区心电轴者均为VT。所有34例SVT伴AVC或WPW者无一例出现无人区心电轴。结论wQRST伴无人区心电轴时显示为VT。无人区心电轴可作为WQRST鉴别诊断的一项重要指标。     

冠心病室性心动过速无人区电轴的研究

目的探讨冠心病室速无人区电轴发生率及无人区电轴临床应用价值。方法对确诊冠心病并在常规心电图或12导联同步动态心电图记录到室性心动过速的72例患者,应用振幅法测量QRS额面电轴,比较室速发作时电轴与其窦性心律时电轴的差值,心肌梗死组、不稳定性心绞痛组电轴的差值,以及无人区电轴组与非无人区电轴组二者差值。结果87阵室速中23阵心电轴位于无人区,发生率无显著性别差异(p>0.05)。无人区电轴发生率右束支阻滞型室速高于左束支阻滞型室速(p<0.01),心肌梗死组室速高于不稳定性心绞痛组(p<0.05),不同部位心肌梗死无人区电轴发生率无统计学差异(p>0.05)。室速发作时与窦性心律电轴的差值为101.86±55.51°,其中差值>40°者72阵(82.76%)。结论冠心病患者宽QRS心动过速时新出现无人区电轴,或室速与窦性心律电轴差值>40°可做为鉴别诊断的重要指标。     

无人区心电轴对宽QRS波群心动过速的诊断价值

无人区心电轴是近年来用于鉴别诊断宽QRS波群心动过速的一个新方法[1].本文探讨宽QRS波群心动过速伴无人区心电轴的临床价值.     

无人区电轴对房颤伴宽QRS波心电图的分析

目的分析探讨心房颤动(房颤)伴宽QRS波群的心电图特征及鉴别诊断。方法120例房颤合并宽QRS波群心电图患者。经体表心电图Ⅰ、aVF导联目测心电轴,分析RR间期变化的范围、QRS波群形态及心室率。结果120例中房颤合并室早或室速54例;房颤合并室内差传66例。30例存在无人区电轴者均为房颤合并室早或室速。66例房颤合并室内差传者无一例出现无人区电轴。结论房颤合并宽QRS波伴无人区电轴时,提示房颤合并室早或室速,无人区电轴可作为房颤合并室早或室内差传的诊断及鉴别诊断的一项指标。     

Ⅱ导联QRS第一峰时限鉴别宽QRS波心动过速

目的探讨Ⅱ导联QRS波第一峰时限(R-wave peak time,RWPT)方法对单形性宽QRS波心动过速的鉴别诊断价值。方法采用单盲法,由两位医师运用RWPT方法分析我院128例住院患者的单形性宽QRS波心动过速心电图,评价该方法的临床应用价值。结果运用RWPT方法诊断室速的敏感性为85.15%,特异性88.89%,阳性预测值96.63%,阴性预测值61.53%,总体诊断符合率85.93%,但对左室特发性室速均误诊。结论 RWPT方法对单形性宽QRS波心动过速有较高的诊断价值,可正确诊断大部分单形性宽QRS波心动过速,但不能鉴别诊断左室特发性室速。     

努力提高宽QRS波群心动过速诊断中体表心电图的作用与地位

宽QRS波群心动过速分为室性心动过速(室速)和室上性心动过速(室上速)伴束支阻滞或室内差异性传导二大类，由于两者对患者的危害性和治疗方法差异较大，因此及时和正确做出鉴别诊断极其重要。目前有关宽QRS波群心动过速诊断的方法很多，但面临实际病人的心电图时仍存在不少难题。本期杂志为这一专题特约专题笔谈，必能引起临床医师的关注和重视，     

宽QRS波群心动过速的诊断与鉴别诊断研究进展

宽QRS波群心动过速是临床常见的心血管急症,可见于室性心动过速和室上性心动过速。室性心动过速是一种严重的心律失常,而室上性心动过速一般预后良好。由于二者的治疗原则不同,因此及时和正确地对宽QRS波群心动过速进行鉴别诊断在临床上有十分重要的意义。现对宽QRS波群心动过速的诊断和鉴别诊断予以综述。     

Taquicardia de QRS largos – importância eletrocardiográfica no diagnóstico diferencial

Correct diagnosis in wide QRS complex tachycardia remains a challenge. Differential diagnosis between ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia has important therapeutic and prognostic implications, and although data from clinical history and physical examination may suggest a particular origin, it is the 12‐lead surface electrocardiogram that usually enables this differentiation.Since 1978, various electrocardiographic criteria have been proposed for the differential diagnosis of wide complex tachycardias, particularly the presence of atrioventricular dissociation, and the axis, duration and morphology of QRS complexes. Despite the wide variety of criteria, diagnosis is still often difficult, and errors can have serious consequences. To reduce such errors, several differential diagnosis algorithms have been proposed since 1991. However, in a small percentage of wide QRS tachycardias the diagnosis remains uncertain and in these the wisest decision is to treat them as ventricular tachycardias.The authors’ objective was to review the main electrocardiographic criteria and differential diagnosis algorithms of wide QRS tachycardia.     

The differential diagnosis on the electrocardiogram between ventricular tachycardia and preexcited tachycardia

The 12-lead surface electrocardiogram is a simple and useful tool for the differential diagnosis of regular wide QRS complex tachycardia. However, criteria do not as yet exist to discriminate between ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia with anterograde conduction over an accessory pathway (preexcited tachycardia). Therefore, we designed a new stepwise approach with three criteria for the electrocardiographic differential diagnosis between ventricular tachycardia and preexcited tachycardia and prospectively studied 267 regular tachycardias with electrophysiologically proven mechanism and a wide QRS complex (≥ 0.12 s): 149 consecutive ventricular tachycardias and 118 consecutive preexcited regular tachycardias. Underlying heart disease was old myocardial infarction in 133 of 149 (89%) ventricular tachycardias. The patients presenting with preexcited tachycardia had no additional structural heart disease. Atrial fibrillation with preexcited QRS complex was not included. The criteria favoring ventricular tachycardia were: (1) presence of predominantly negative QRS complexes in the precordial leads V₄ to V₆, (2) presence of a QR complex in one or more of the precordial leads V₂ to V₆, and (3) AV relation different from 1:1 (more QRS complexes than P waves). The final sensitivity and specificity of these three consecutive steps to diagnose ventricular tachycardia were 0.75 and 1.00, respectively. This new stepwise approach is sensitive and highly specific for the differential diagnosis between ventricular tachycardia in coronary artery disease and preexcited regular tachycardia.     

宽QRS波心动过速的鉴别诊断及治疗研究进展

宽QRS波心动过速是临床常见的心血管急症,可见于室性心动过速和部分室上性心动过速。室性心动过速是一种严重心律 失常,而室上性心动过速一般预后良好。由于二者的治疗原则不同,因此及时和正确地对宽QRS波心动过速进行鉴别诊断在临床 上有十分重要的意义。本文对宽QRS波心动过速的鉴别诊断和治疗原则予以综述。     

Mayo Clinic VT calculator: A practical tool for accurate wide complex tachycardia differentiation

The discrimination of ventricular tachycardia (VT) versus supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) via 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is crucial for achieving appropriate, high-quality, and cost-effective care in patients presenting with wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT). Decades of rigorous research have brought forth an expanding arsenal of applicable manual algorithm methods for differentiating WCTs. However, these algorithms are limited by their heavy reliance on the ECG interpreter for their proper execution. Herein, we introduce the Mayo Clinic ventricular tachycardia calculator (MC-VTcalc) as a novel generalizable, accurate, and easy-to-use means to estimate VT probability independent of ECG interpreter competency. The MC-VTcalc, through the use of web-based and mobile device platforms, only requires the entry of computerized measurements (i.e., QRS duration, QRS axis, and T-wave axis) that are routinely displayed on standard 12-lead ECG recordings.     

Ventricular tachycardia masquerading as supraventricular tachycardia: A wolf in sheep''s clothing

It is generally assumed that if a wide QRS complex tachycardia has the same morphology on the 12-lead electrocardiogram as during sinus rhythm, the tachycardia is supraventricular. The author presents unique electrocardiographic data on four patients with QRS complex morphologies that are nearly identical during ventricular tachycardia and during sinus rhythm. The QRS complex duration during sinus rhythm was 140-180 msec and was the same as that of the tachycardia. The QRS complex morphology on the electrocardiogram was a right bundle branch block, left axis in three patients and right bundle branch block, normal axis in one patient. The mean ventricular tachycardia cycle length was 345 msec. The diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia was established by electrophysiologic testing in two patients and by atrial electrograms demonstrating AV dissociation in two patients. Thus, if the 12-lead electrocardiogram morphology of a wide QRS complex tachycardia is similar to that during sinus rhythm, it does not necessarily imply that the tachycardia is supraventricular. Ventricular tachycardia can occur with the same QRS complex morphology as occurs during sinus rhythm.     

Pseudo P waves: a cause of diagnostic confusion in wide QRS tachycardia

A patient with wide QRS tachycardia is described. His initial electrocardiogram revealed P waves in lead V1 that led to a diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia. Subsequently, during an electrophysiology study, the tachycardia was reproduced and documented to be ventricular in origin. The P waves seen were actually part of the QRS complex and therefore pseudo P waves. The correct diagnosis of the arrhythmia allowed for more appropriate therapy for the patient. This case illustrates that pseudo P waves may be present on the surface electrocardiogram and confuse the diagnosis of wide QRS tachycardia.     

Wide QRS Complexes: Electrophysiologic Basis of a Common Electrocardiographic Diagnosis

Wide QRS Complexes. Wide QRS complex tachycardia is a commonly encountered arrhythmia and its appropriate diagnosis often poses a challenge to most physicians. The origin of a wide QRS complex is either supraventricular with abnormal ventricular activation or ventricular. This review addresses the main electrophysiologic mechanisms involved in the genesis of a wide QRS complex and its maintenance as a sustained arrhythmia. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 3, pp. 365–393, August 1992)     

Approach to the diagnosis and initial management of the stable adult patient with a wide complex tachycardia

The initial electrocardiographic evaluation of every tachyarrhythmia should begin by addressing the question of whether the QRS complex is wide or narrow. The most important cause of wide complex tachycardia (WCT) is ventricular tachycardia. However, supraventricular tachycardia can also manifest with a wide QRS complex. The ability to differentiate between supraventricular tachycardia with a wide QRS due to aberrancy or preexcitation and ventricular tachycardia often presents a diagnostic challenge. The identification of whether WCT has a ventricular or supraventricular origin is critical because the treatment for each is different, and improper therapy may have potentially lethal consequences. In conclusion, although the diagnosis and treatment of sustained WCT often arise in emergency situations, this report focuses on a stepwise approach to the management of WCT in relatively stable adult patients, particularly the diagnosis and differentiation of ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with a wide QRS complex on standard 12-lead electrocardiography.     

Wide QRS Tachycardia: What Is the Rhythm?

We report a case of an elderly man who presented to the emergency room complaining of palpitations. Electrocardiogram revealed wide QRS tachycardia with a narrow beat within the tachycardia. Most commonly, a narrow complex beat during a wide complex tachycardia suggests a capture or fusion beat in the setting of ventricular tachycardia. However, there are situations where supraventricular tachycardia can also manifest this way. In our patient a pacemaker interrogation clarified the diagnosis.