Synchronous oral leiomyosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma

An unusual case of synchronous squamous cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma of the oral cavity is reported in a patient without any identified environmental risk or predisposing factors. The invasive squamous cell carcinoma involved the tongue, whereas the leiomyosarcoma was located in the soft palate. No immunostaining was found for human papillomavirus or Epstein-Barr virus, and in situ hybridization showed negativity for human papillomavirus DNA within the tumor cells. Alterations of bcl -2, c-erb -b2 and Rb oncoproteins were not found immunohistochemically. Overexpression of p53 was detected by immunohistochemistry in both tumors, but p53 gene mutations were not found by polymerase chain reaction. Neither loss of heterozygosity of p53 nor microsatellite instability was detected in this patient. The smooth muscle nature of the leiomyosarcoma was confirmed by immunohistochemical methods. To our knowledge, synchronous smooth muscle and epithelial oral tumors have not previously been reported.     

Collision metastasis of squamous carcinoma of the oral tongue and incidental thyroid papillary carcinoma to a single cervical lymph node

The incidence of collision tumor is exceedingly rare. There are only four published case reports. This is the first report of a case of collision metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue and incidental thyroid papillary carcinoma to the same cervical lymph node. A 47-year-old man with SCC of the oral tongue at clinical stage T4N1M0 was treated with total glossectomy and bilateral neck dissection. During neck dissection, concomitant secondary foci of thyroid papillary carcinoma were identified in the same cervical lymph node as SCC (collisional metastasis). The patient subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy and was alive without any recurrences at 25 months after the operation.     

Long-standing intranasal foreign body: an incidental finding on dental radiograph: a case report and literature review

A case of an incidental finding of an intranasal foreign body on a dental panoramic radiograph is reported. The foreign body, a calculus-encrusted plastic pearl, had been asymptomatic despite being present for over 20 years. The diagnosis of a nasal foreign body in a patient is of significance if an oral surgical procedure is being planned with the patient under general anesthesia because the foreign body may be dislodged into the airway during nasal intubation. Similar reports of incidentally discovered intranasal foreign bodies on dental radiographs are reviewed. The epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and complications of nasal foreign bodies are discussed.     

An update on squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and maxillary sinus

There are more than 45,000 new cancer cases involving the head and neck diagnosed each year within the United States. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for the majority of cases, often occurring within the oral cavity and oropharynx. This article reviews current literature and various controversial topics involving the diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients with oral cavity/oropharyngeal cancers. Although not considered cancer within the oral cavity, maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma is discussed.     

口腔鳞状细胞癌临床流行病学研究现状

口腔、咽癌（简称口腔癌，OPC）是头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤，约占全身恶性肿瘤的3％。OPC的发病率在世界范围内呈上升趋势，尤其是在年轻女性，估计全球每年新发病例27．4万例。虽然癌症治疗已经取得了许多重要进展．但20世纪60年代至今，口腔癌的死亡率基本保持不变，5年生存率徘徊在50％左右。口腔癌的危险因素多种多样，包括化学致癌物、物理致癌因素、生物致癌因素、遗传、机体易感性和种族等等。了解口腔癌的流行病学和危险因素，有助于鉴别和治疗口腔癌高危患者，并针对口腔癌的发病因素，寻找积极有效的预防措施，最大限度地降低口腔癌的发病率和死亡率。     

Extensive pneumatization of the temporal bone and articular eminence: an incidental finding in a patient with facial pain. Case report and review of literature.

A 53-year-old Caucasian female presented to the Oral Medicine Department at the hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for consultation regarding facial pain. A panoramic radiograph revealed multilocular radiolucencies in the right articular eminence. A CT scan was then performed, and the radiolucencies were determined to be pneumatization of the articular eminence.     

Tobacco smoking history and presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The association between tobacco smoking and oral squamous cell carcinoma is well established. However, few studies have evaluated the smoking history based on a smoking versus never-smoking history or analyzed the relationship between smoking history and site and stage of presentation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between smoking versus never-smoking history and the stage and site of presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The design of this study was a retrospective review of all patients presented at the Legacy Emanuel Hospital Head and Neck Tumor Board in Portland, Oregon, with a biopsy-proven oral squamous cell carcinoma between 1998 and 2000. Data collected included age, gender, smoking history (smoker versus never smoker), pack-years of tobacco, site, and stage (T, N, and group stage) at presentation. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were reviewed; 33% of patients were never smokers and 67% of patients had a history of smoking with an average of 49.4 pack-years. The floor of mouth and gingiva were the most commonly affected sites. There was a statistically significant difference between site of presentation and a history of smoking (P =.0007). The 2 sites that showed a significant association with smoking were posterolateral tongue and floor of mouth. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate that approximately one third of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma will report that they have never smoked. There was a strong association between a history of smoking and carcinoma involving the posterolateral tongue and floor of mouth.     

Spindle-cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and larynx. Immunohistochemical aspects

Five cases of monophasic and 7 cases of biphasic spindle-cell carcinomas were analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of vimentin and keratin type intermediate filaments in the pleomorphic spindle cells. Vimentin reactivity proved to be a consistent feature but keratin reactivity was more variable, this latter filament being lost in two cases initially presenting as pure squamous cell carcinomas showing dedifferentiation towards a pure monophasic spindle-cell tumour when recurring. The converse was also noted: acquisition of keratin in a monophasic spindle-cell tumour that recurred as squamous cell carcinoma. These results were considered to support the concept that spindle-cell tumours of the upper aerodigestive tract are a peculiar type of carcinoma and not a product of a pluripotent stem cell exhibiting bidirectional differentiation. Diagnostic implications are as follows: keratin positivity in a spindle-cell tumour substantiates its carcinomatous nature but its absence does not rule out a diagnosis of spindle-cell carcinoma.     

代谢组学在口腔癌及口腔癌前病变标志物研究中的应用

口腔癌是最常见的头颈部恶性肿瘤,可由口腔白斑等口腔癌前病变发展而来。因为缺少早期筛查及检测的肿瘤生物标记物,50%以上的口腔癌患者在晚期阶段才能得到确诊,发现可用于口腔癌早期诊断的肿瘤标志物正成为研究热点。基于代谢组学技术的分析方法具有发现肿瘤相关标志物的潜能,越来越多的用于重大疾病的风险预评估及早期诊断等方面的研究。该文对代谢组学的理论基础、检测技术及其在口腔癌和癌前病变标志物研究中的应用作一综述。     

An orthotopic and osteolytic model with a newly established oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line

ObjectiveDespite the availability of advanced clinical diagnostic systems, the overall 5-year survival rate for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained relatively poor over the past 2 decades. Appropriate animal models need to be developed according to the specific purpose of cancer research. However, most of the currently available oral cancer cell lines do not precisely reflect the characteristics of bone-invasive OSCC and cannot serve as suitable tools in the development of new therapeutic reagents against bone-invasive OSCC. Here, we assessed the orthotopic and osteolytic mouse model with newly established OSCC cell line.DesignWe assessed the orthotopic and osteolytic mouse model using the newly established OSCC cells. In addition, the incidences of tumorigenesis and histopathological results were determined.ResultsThe newly established YD-39 cell line grows in a monolayer sheet and has highly invasive. The transplanted YD-39 cells developed stable tumours in the tongues and calvaria region of the nude mice. The tumours in nude mice grafted with YD-39 cells had a high incidence of transplantability in both mouse models tested and a similar morphology to their respective original tumour. Therefore, both animal models might be feasible animal models to assess the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs.ConclusionsThis type of animal model approach might be has the added advantage of potentially accelerating the biological discovery process.     

Predictive factor for photodynamic therapy effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral epithelial dysplasia

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the immunohistochemical expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), factor VIII, and CD34 (markers of endothelial cells), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) subjected to photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Design

Twenty-one biopsy specimens (14 cases of OSCC and 7 cases of OED) before PDT were immunohistochemically investigated in terms of their expressions of PCNA, factor VIII, CD34 and VEGF. The percentages of the total sample area that were immunopositive for factor VIII (percentage factor VIII immunopositive area: PFIA) CD34 (PCIA) and VEGF (PVIA) were calculated using computer-assisted image analysis for quantitative assessment of endothelial cells or VEGF expression in the lesions. The PCNA labelling index (LI) was evaluated as a proliferation marker.

Results

Five cases of OSCC and one case of OED recurred 4 to 30 months after PDT. We found that the average PVIA was 14.5% in the no-recurrence group and 1.7% in the recurrence group. The difference between these values was statistically significant (P = 0.0483). On the other hand, the average PCNA LI was 30.3% in the no-recurrence group and 24.3% in the recurrence group; the average PFIA was 3.7% in the no-recurrence group and 1.6% in the recurrence group; and the average PCIA was 2.0% in the no-recurrence group and 1.4% in the recurrence group. There were no significant differences between the two groups for any of these markers (P = 0.3379, P = 0.1195, P = 0.4835, respectively).

Conclusions

These results provide clinical data indicating that VEGF expression may be a useful predictive marker for the effects of PDT in OSCC and OED.     

An update on oral hygiene products and techniques

The aim of this article is to update the reader on oral hygiene products and techniques. The evidence relating to the range of toothbrushing, interdental cleaning products and chemotherapeutic agents currently on the market will be discussed. It will be seen that choice of many of the oral hygiene products currently on the market is still largely a matter of personal preference. Clinical Relevance: An inadequate oral hygiene regime may lead to caries and periodontal disease. It is important for clinicians to be able to recommend a preventive programme for dental and periodontal health that is supported by high quality, evidence-based clinical research.     

NBS1在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:检测口腔鳞癌组织(OSCC)中NBS1的表达水平,探讨其与OSCC病理分化级别的相关性以及在肿瘤发生发展中的作用。方法:①采用免疫组化(SP法)检测NBS1蛋白在30例口腔鳞癌组织、9例癌旁组织中的表达。②应用RT-PCR技术检测组织中NBS1的mRNA表达水平。结果:在OSCC与癌旁正常组织中,NBS1 mRNA和蛋白表达差异显著,在口腔癌组织中均表达较高,并随着病理级别增高而增高(P<0.05)。结论:NBS1在不同病理分化程度OSCC中表达水平的差别与多种因素密切相关,与肿瘤的恶性生物学行为有关,其表达水平可成为判断口腔鳞癌侵袭转移和预后的指标之一。