腹腔镜在结直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的 研究腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性和手术方法.方法回顾性分析2004年2月～2006年6月腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术52例患者的临床资料.结果 52例患者中有48例顺利完成腹腔镜手术,4例中转开放手术,无手术死亡病例,无术后出血、吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄发生,切口感染2例,手术平均时间200 min,术中平均失血120 ml,术后2～4 d胃肠功能恢复,所有标本残端无癌细胞浸润或残留,清扫淋巴结数10～30个,平均(16.2±6.1)个,术后平均住院时间7 d,术后电话随访至2006年10月,死亡3例,局部复发2例.结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有创伤小、康复快、美容等优点,疗效较开腹手术好.     

腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的近期疗效及安全性分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌手术的安全性和近期的疗效。方法：回顾分析了23例腹腔镜下直肠癌手术患者的临床资料。结果：23例顺利完成手术,其手术时间为170-295min,患者术后1-3d开始下床活动,肛门恢复排气时间3~8d,术后病理报告切除淋巴结数2-13枚,术后住院日9-24d,术后发生切口感染1例,吻合口出血1例,全组无手术死亡病例。结论：腹腔镜直肠癌根治术安全可行,患者术后恢复快,具有明显的微创优势。     

腹腔镜在结直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的研究腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性和手术方法。方法回顾性分析2004年2月-2006年6月腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术52例患者的临床资料。结果52例患者中有48例顺利完成腹腔镜手术，4例中转开放手术，无手术死亡病例，无术后出血、吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄发生，切口感染2例，手术平均时间200min，术中平均失血120ml，术后2—4d胃肠功能恢复，所有标本残端无癌细胞浸润或残留，清扫淋巴结数10—30个，平均（16．2±6．1）个，术后平均住院时间7d，术后电话随访至2006年10月，死亡3例，局部复发2例。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有创伤小、康复快、美容等优点，疗效较开腹手术好。     

腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术23例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术的安全性、可行性和治疗效果.方法 施行腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术23例,其中D_(1+α)/D_(1+β)淋巴结清扫术3例,D_2淋巴结清扫术20例.全部病例均行毕Ⅰ式胃肠吻合术.结果 23例均成功完成腹腔镜手术.平均手术时间(205±38)min,平均术中出血量(105±66)ml,平均清扫淋巴结数(19.7±6.2)枚/例,术后平均胃肠功能恢复时间(3.5±1.2)d,恢复流质饮食时间(4.9±0.9)d,平均住院时间(10.2±2.7)d.无吻合口瘘、吻合口梗阻等并发症发生,术后发生上消化道出血1例,经保守治疗后痊愈.随访1～12个月,无肿瘤复发或转移.结论 腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术安全可行,术后近期疗效满意,有望在快速康复外科理念的指导下进一步提高近期疗效.     

经小切口Roux-en-Y吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的应用研究

目的探讨经小切口Roux-en-Y吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的可行性和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2022年8月至2023年5月浙江省人民医院胃肠胰外科收治的34例行经小切口Roux-en-Y吻合的腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术患者的临床资料。结果 34例患者中男27例, 女7例, 年龄(63.6±14.6)岁。所有病例均成功实施手术, 无中转开腹病例。消化道重建时间(30.74±3.29)min, 术中出血量(60.29±29.59)ml, 术中清扫淋巴结(32.00±11.00)个, 取标本切口长度(5.88±0.98)cm, 术后排气时间(1.88±0.73)d, 术后住院时间(11.94±3.87)d。术后无患者出现吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、出血及非计划再次手术。术后随访3～12个月, 随访期间无复发及死亡病例, 无术后反流病例。结论经小切口Roux-en-Y吻合的腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术可有效减少术后并发症, 特别是减少术后反流的发生。此外, 该术式还能简化手术步骤, 缩短手术时间, 促进术后康复, 改善术后生活质量等。     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术近期疗效分析

目的探索腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术与开腹结直肠癌根治术两者之间近期临床疗效之间的差异性。方法 2014年1月~2015年1月在内蒙古医科大学附属医院普外科进行治疗并完成结直肠癌根治术患者70例患者纳入研究,分为腹腔镜组、开腹手术组,并比较两组之间手术情况、术后恢复情况、肿瘤根治情况及并发症发生率之间差异。结果腹腔镜组的手术时间长于开腹组((146.9±20)min vs(125.0±15)min,但腹腔镜组术中出血量(89.2±22)m L vs(149.1±27)m L、切口长度(5.18±1.45)cm vs(9.73±1.71)cm、下床活动时间(5.2±1.4)d vs(6.5±1.7)d、排气时间(2.9±0.8)d vs(3.6±1.2)d、排便时间(4.0±2.0)d vs(5.4±2.0)d、进食时间(2.0±1.5)d vs(3.6±1.1)d、腹胀时间(2.6±0.5)d vs(4.0±0.8)d等治疗及恢复效果均优于开腹组(差异具有统计学意义),而两组肿瘤直径、肿瘤切除长度、淋巴结清扫个数、淋巴结转移数目等肿瘤根治情况以及切口感染、吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、肺部感染、泌尿系感染、尿潴留、肠梗阻等术后并发症发生率之间差异不具统计学意义。结论相比开腹手术,腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、出血少、患者恢复时间缩短等优势,可作为结直肠癌手术治疗有效治疗手段。     

免腹壁辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌Dixon术应用体会

目的探讨免腹壁辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌Dixon术临床应用价值。方法对我院2009.3-2011.12月间开展免腹壁辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌Dixon术共12例病例进行评价。结果 12例患者手术顺利,无一例中转开腹,无腹部切口。手术时间约(200±30)min,术中出血量(50±30)ml,术后肠蠕动恢复时间(2±0.5)d。术后无吻合口出血,无吻合口瘘和狭窄等并发症,术后随访1年无复发、转移及trocar切口的种植转移等。结论该术式无腹壁切口,术后康复快,手术安全可行,有一定的临床应用价值。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术临床对比研究

目的 探讨应用腹腔镜技术行直肠癌根治术的可行性及临床疗效.方法 对2004年1月至2007年12月行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术28例患者(腹腔镜组)及同期行开腹直肠癌根治术26例患者(开腹组)在手术相关指标、术后恢复指标、根治性指标、住院时间、术后并发症等方面进行比较.结果 腹腔镜组术中出血量明显少于开腹组[(148.0±26.5)ml比(396.0±79.6)ml,P<0.01];术后进食时间和留置导尿管时间明显早于开腹组[(2.8±0.1)d比(3.9±0.3)d,(4.2±0.2)d比(6.0±0.8)d,P<0.05];住院时间明显短于开腹组[(9.8±1.1)d比(13.2±2.8)d,P<0.01].腹腔镜组与开腹组的手术时间、清除淋巴结数量、术后并发症、局部复发、远处转移方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论应用腹腔镜技术行直肠癌根治术安全可行,能达到与开腹手术相同的效果,并且具有创伤小、失血量少、恢复快等优点.     

腹腔镜联合电子肛门镜在低位直肠癌保肛手术中临床应用探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合电子肛门镜在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的临床应用。方法 选取2020-01-01-2021-01-01菏泽市立医院胃肠外科收治的70例低位直肠癌患者为研究对象,采用随机对照表法分为对照组和联合组,各35例。对照组患者行腹腔镜下直肠前切除术,术后常规放置肛管;联合组患者行腹腔镜联合电子肛门镜下直肠前切除术。对比2组患者的围手术期各种数据及吻合口出血、吻合口漏等并发症发生情况,并在手术后对患者进行12个月的随访,观察比较肿瘤复发情况。结果 2组患者手术均顺利完成,没有出现中转开腹及保护性小肠造口病例。2组患者的性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离、肿瘤直径、肿瘤浸润深度、术中出血量、淋巴结清除数目、术后1年复发转移率等比较,差异无统计学意义,均P>0.05。联合组患者术后第1、2、3天疼痛评分分别为(2.8±0.2)、(2.0±0.1)、(1.8±0.2)分,均低于对照组的(4.5±0.3)、(4.0±0.2)、(3.1±0.3)分;联合组患者手术时间、首次下床活动时间、首次肛门排气时间、首次进食时间、总住院时间分别为(149.7±51.7) min、(...     

腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术18例临床分析

目的 总结腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术开展初期的临床资料,初步探讨其安全性和可行性.方法 2008年10月至2009年10月行腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术18例,其中TNM分期:Ⅰ期1例、Ⅱ期9例、Ⅲ期8例.腹腔镜下行胃切除及淋巴结清扫,剑突下切口取标本并行消化道重建.结果 17例完成腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术,1例Ⅲa期患者因术中出血转开腹手术,无手术死亡病例.行腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术9例,行腹腔镜近端胃癌根治术5例,行腹腔镜胃癌根治性全胃切除术3例.手术时间(340±31)min,术中出血量(174±63)ml,清扫淋巴结(22.0±6.3)枚,剑突下切口长度(4.3±3.6)cm,肛门排气时间(3.4±1.7)d,术后住院时间(9.5±3.7)d.术后并发不完全性肠梗阻2例.17例患者术后随访1～11个月,无复发、转移.结论 腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术安全可行,近期疗效与开腹手术相近,创伤更小,恢复时间更短,远期疗效有待进一步随访、研究.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.