CT引导Leksell立体定向系统定位脑内靶点的研究

目的；使脑室造影立体定向手术与ＣＴ引导Ｌｅｋｓｅｌｌ立体定向手术结合起来，方法：ＣＴ薄导扫描定位前连合（ＡＣ）和后联合（ＰＣ）并使之在同一层面，即ＡＣ－ＰＣ层面，以确定大脑原点在Ｌｅｋｓｅｌｌ定向系统中的三维坐标值，并以此为依据，用数学方法将脑室造影立体定向手术的脑内靶点的三维坐标值，转换成Ｌｅｋｓｅｌｌ定向系统的三维坐标值，结果：ＣＴ薄层扫描可容易获得ＡＣ－ＰＣ层面，通过数学方法使脑室造影立体定     

醛糖还原酶基因5‘端（AC）n重复序列的多态性与2型糖尿病患 …

为探讨中国人北方汉族２型ＤＭ醛糖还原酶（ＡＲ）基因５’端的（ＡＣ）ｎ的多态性与糖尿病视网膜病变易感性的关系,用＾３２ＰｄＣＴＰ掺入ＰＣＲ,６％甲酰胺聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和放射性自显影的方法,分析了１１６例２型ＤＭ「包括无并发症（ＮＤＣ）组６６例,视网膜病变（ＤＲＰ）组５０例」和４２例正常对照组（ＣＯＮ）ＡＲ基因５’端（ＡＣ）ｎ的多态性。结果显示,ＤＭ组和对照组均发现７种等位基因Ｚ－６～Ｚ＋６,Ｚ－２     

恰当运用CT薄层扫描技术减少患者受照剂量

恰当运用ＣＴ薄层扫描技术减少患者受照剂量昌仁民本文统计了１９９５年和１９９６年上半年ＣＴ薄层扫描的层面数，分析了薄层运用不当的原因以及正确使用所采取的措施，旨在减少患者的照射量。１方法和结果１．１ＳＯＭＡＴＯＭＰＬＵＳＣＴ机１．２ＭＤＨ－１０１５ＣＸ...     

尿激酶介入性治疗急性脑梗塞的临床影像观察

本文总结了采用尿激酶超选择性动脉内溶栓治疗的８例急性脑梗塞，经ＣＴ扫描证实，并作脑血管造影检查确定梗塞部位在ＩＣＡ（Ｃ１～４）３例，ＭＣＡＭ＿１段５例，本法的特点是直接向被栓塞的动脉内灌注溶栓剂，可充分发挥溶栓作用，疗效满意。对急性脑梗塞的影像诊断、溶栓技术、并发症及有关注意事项进行了简要的讨论。     

CT对鼻咽癌放疗后再分期与预后的应用研究

目的：分析ＣＴ在ＮＰＣ再分期与预后中的作用,为评估疗效和判断预后提供重要依据。材料与方法：１０５例ＮＰＣ均经活检证实。（１）放疗前和放疗后３个月作基线（ｂａｓｅｌｉｎｅ）ＣＴ扫描;（２）根据ＵＩＣＣ分期法,进行放疗前后ＴＮＭ分期比较,并作再分期与生存时间的相关性研究;（３）采用Ｃｏｘ模型分析。结果：（１）统计学显示分期与一再分期具有相关性（Ｐ〈０．０５）;（２）通过Ｋ－Ｍ生存曲线反映再分期与生存率     

颈内－后交通小动脉瘤的3D PC MRA评价

目的：评价三维相位对比法磁共振血管成像（３ＤＰＣＭＲＡ）显示颈内－后交通小动脉瘤的能力。材料和方法：对８例疑颅内血管性病变患者在ＧＥＶｅｃｔｒａ０．５Ｔ超导系统上进行３ＤＰＣＭＲＡ检查，并与ＣＡＧ／ＤＳＡ结果对照。以矢状面ＳＥＴ１ＷＩ为定位像，采用最短ＴＥ３０～４０ｃｍ／ｓ的编码流速等参数运用３ＤＰＣ法，采集范围包括颈内动脉虹吸部和Ｗｉｌｌｉｓ环血管的三个血液流动轴向（上／下、左／右、前／后）上的血流信号，最后对单／双侧叠加、旋转和矩阵重组形成的血管投影图像进行分析。结果：经ＣＡＧ／ＤＳＡ证实右侧颈内－后交通小动脉瘤５例，左侧３例，外形上以囊袋状为主，其中２例呈葫芦状，瘤体平均直径约６．５ｍｍ。３ＤＰＣＭＲＡ均满意显示动脉瘤的位置和大小，但瘤颈和瘤体外形的勾画不及ＣＡＧ／ＤＳＡ，且瘤体内信号强度较相邻动脉血管为低。结论：３ＤＰＣＭＲＡ虽然不能完全取代ＣＡＧ／ＤＳＡ，但对颈内－后交通小动脉瘤的评价显示出生命力，可作为对高危颅内动脉瘤患者进行筛选的有力工具。     

电子束CT增强容积扫描检测早期实验性心肌缺血的方法及初步结果

目的：探讨电子束ＣＴ增强容积扫描检测早期实验性心肌缺血的方法，并报告初步结果。材料和方法：用Ｉｍａ－ｔｒｏｎＣ－１５０型电子束ＣＴ机对冠状动脉结扎后１．５ｈ的５例实验犬进行心脏的碘造影剂增强容积扫描。仔细观察左心室心肌缺血在电子束ＣＴ图像上的形态学表现，测定并对比分析心肌缺血区和正常区的ＣＴ值及两者与左心室腔ＣＴ值的比值（Ｍ／Ｌ值）。结果：电子束ＣＴ增强容积扫描能清晰地显示心肌低密度缺血区的部位、范围、形态、密度等；缺血区的ＣＴ值及Ｍ／Ｌ值显著低于正常心肌区。结论：电子束ＣＴ可作为检测、分析心肌缺血早期形态学表现和定量分析其ＣＴ值变化的一种高敏感性的非创伤性方法。     

CT及MRI诊断嗅神经母细胞瘤的价值

目的：探讨ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ在嗅神经母细胞瘤的诊断、分期及疗后随诊中的价值。材料和方法：回顾性复习１０例嗅神经母细胞瘤的ＣＴ扫描和１例ＭＲＩ的表现。男６例，女５例。年龄１３～６５岁，中位年龄３２岁。临床表现为鼻堵、鼻衄各６例，眼外突４例，偏头痛、视力下降、鼻翼肿物各２例。ＣＴ平扫５例，增强扫描６例；横断面８例，冠状面７例。ＭＲＩ为ＳＥ序列，Ｔ１和Ｔ２加权像，并用Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ作增强扫描。６例有随诊ＣＴ，１例有随诊ＭＲＩ。结果：按Ｋａｄｉｓｈ分期标准：Ａ期１例，Ｂ期２例，Ｃ期８例。侵犯范围为鼻腔１１例，同侧筛窦、眼眶各６例，蝶窦、上颌窦、前颅凹内各４例，鼻翼软组织２例。ＣＴ增强扫描６例中５例为中度不均质强化，１例为高度强化。ＭＲＩＴ１加权像呈中、低信号，Ｔ２加权像呈中、高信号。结论：嗅神经母细胞瘤的影像学表现无特异性。影像学检查目的为界定肿瘤侵犯范围。冠状面扫描有助于显示颅内、眶内病变，必不可少。ＭＲＩ的Ｔ２加权像有助于鉴别肿瘤和鼻窦内积液，在界定肿瘤范围方面优于ＣＴ。疗后的基线所见和定期随诊影像学检查有助于检出复发，及时行补救治疗     

HLA基因序列电泳多态性分析及其在骨髓移植中的应用

利用聚合酶链反应和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术建立了一套人白细胞抗原配型技术，包括ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ单链构象多态性，异二聚体分析和ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ，ＤＰ－ＤＮＡ链构象多态性分析技术。对６３例骨髓移植供，受体进行了分析，其中经血清学确定为ＨＬＡ相合的１５对ＰＣＲ－ＳＣＰ分析完全相合；５对因病人血细胞数目和功能异常而供，受体血清不方法无法分型，ＰＣＲ－ＳＣＰ分析确定３对相合，２对不相合，病人临床缓解后重复血清学ＨＬＡ     

正常听骨链的HRCT研究

目的：探讨ＨＲＣＴ显示听骨链的扫描技术。材料和方法：１５８个（８５例）正常耳按不同的扫描基线、层厚、层隔分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三组，计算三组中听骨链各部位的显示率。结果：砧骨长脚、镫骨上结构和砧镫关节的显示率在Ａ组分别为９０．９％、８５．２％和８４．１％，高于Ｂ组和Ｃ组，三组相比较有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：利用ＨＲＣＴ采用平行于硬腭的扫描基线以及层厚１．５ｍｍ、层隔１ｍｍ重叠扫描，应作为临床ＨＲＣＴ检查的扫描技术。     

Malformations of the midline commissures: MRI findings in different forms of callosal dysgenesis

Malformations of the corpus callosum (CC) may occur in many different syndromes. Various forms have been observed. We report seven cases of malformation of the CC. Special attention is directed towards the development of the fornix and hippocampus as a hippocampal commissure is a prerequisite of normal hippocampal development. The clinical disability of the patients presented here differed significantly, which may in part be due to the different extent of this cerebral malformation. The relevance of the concomitant aplasia of the limbic system has not been addressed in detail previously in the literature. Electronic Publication     

Morphologic relationship among the corpus callosum, fornix, anterior commissure, and posterior commissure MRI-based variability study

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study explores morphological relationships and structural variability of the corpus callosum (CC), fornix (Fo), anterior (AC), and posterior commissures (PC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: These structures are extracted automatically on the midsagittal plane. The CC and Fo are modeled using best-fit ellipses. The parameters characterizing these structures and relationships among them are points, distances, angles, and eccentricities. The minimum, maximum and mean values, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation for all parameters are calculated for 62 diversified MRI datasets. Subsequently, the regression analysis and parameter distribution study are performed. RESULTS: The parameters have at least 10% variations. The major axis of CC and eccentricities of CC and Fo vary much less than the other parameters The major axis of CC is approximately parallel to the AC-PC line. The mean eccentricity of each of CC and Fo is greater than 0.95. The most significant correlation (P < .05) is observed between various angles and the angle between the major axes of CC and Fo. The correlation is also significant between other angles and distances. The Weibull distribution characterizes the major axis of CC, and distance between the AC and the most superior point of CC. Distribution of angle between the major axes of CC and Fo is log (logistic), and normal for the AC-PC distance. CONCLUSIONS: The AC-PC distance, used prevalently for brain normalization, is not correlated with any parameters except with the distance between the AC and the most superior point on the body of the CC with P < .05.     

Rapid and automatic localization of the anterior and posterior commissure point landmarks in MR volumetric neuroimages

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Accurate identification of the anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC) is critical in neuroradiology, functional neurosurgery, human brain mapping, and neuroscience research. Moreover, major stereotactic brain atlases are based on the AC and PC. Our goal is to provide an algorithm for a rapid, robust, accurate and automatic identification of AC and PC. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The method exploits anatomical and radiological properties of AC, PC and surrounding structures, including morphological variability. The localization is done in two stages: coarse and fine. The coarse stage locates the AC and PC on the midsagittal plane by analyzing their relationships with the corpus callosum, fornix, and brainstem. The fine stage refines the AC and PC in a well-defined volume of interest, analyzing locations of lateral and third ventricles, interhemispheric fissure, and massa intermedia. RESULTS: The algorithm was developed using simple operations, like histogramming, thresholding, region growing, 1D projections. It was tested on 94 diversified T1W and SPGR datasets. After the fine stage, 71 (76%) volumes had an error between 0-1 mm for the AC and 55 (59%) for the PC. The mean errors were 1.0 mm (AC) and 1.0 mm (PC). The accuracy has improved twice due to fine stage processing. The algorithm took about 1 second for coarse and 4 seconds for fine processing on P4, 2.5 GHz. CONCLUSION: The use of anatomical and radiological knowledge including variability in algorithm formulation aids in localization of structures more accurately and robustly. This fully automatic algorithm is potentially useful in clinical setting and for research.     

Anterior Commissure - Posterior Commissure Revisited

Objective

The anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC) are the two distinct anatomic structures in the brain which are difficult to observe in detail with conventional MRI, such as a 1.5T MRI system. However, recent advances in ultra-high resolution MRI have enabled us to examine the AC and PC directly. The objective of the present study is to standardize the shape and size of the AC and PC using a 7.0T MRI and to propose a new brain reference line.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-four, 21 males and 13 females, healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. After determining the center of each AC and PC, we defined the connection of these centers as the central intercommissural line (CIL). We compared the known extra- and intra-cerebral reference lines with the CIL to determine the difference in the angles. Additionally, we obtained horizontal line from flat ground line of look front human.

Results

The difference in angle of the CIL and the tangential intercommissural line (TIL) from the horizontal line was 8.7 ± 5.1 (11 ± 4.8) and 17.4 ± 5.2 (19.8 ± 4.8) degrees in males and females, respectively. The difference in angle between the CIL and canthomeatal line was 10.1 in both male and female, and there was no difference between both sexes. Likewise, there was no significant difference in angle between the CIL and TIL between both sexes (8.3 +/- 1.1 in male and 8.8 +/- 0.7 in female).

Conclusion

In this study, we have used 7.0T MRI to define the AC and PC quantitatively and in a more robust manner. We have showed that the CIL is a reproducible reference line and serves as a standard for the axial images of the human brain.     

Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and associated telencephalic anomalies: MRI

We analysed the MRI findings in 23 patients with callosal dysgenesis in relation to their associated telencephalic anomalies to investigate the morphological significance of the development of Probst's bundles and the anterior commissure in congenital callosal dysgenesis. We classified callosal dysgenesis into three types: total defect (9 patients), partial defect (7) and hypoplasia (7). Associated anomalies were observed in 15 patients, including migration disorder (8 patients), micrencephaly (5), and lipoma (2). The remaining 8 patients had no associated anomalies. Probst's bundles were not identified in 4 patients with a severe migration disorder. An absent or hypoplastic anterior commissure was observed in 9 of the 16 patients with callosal defect and all 7 of those with callosal hypoplasia. Colpocephaly and keyhole dilatation of the temporal horns were seen in 16 and 21 patients, respectively. Callosal dysgenesis may occur not only through a defect in the callosal anlage, but also from impaired growth of axonal fibres projecting from the cerebral isocortex. Therefore, associated telencephalic anomalies may be responsible for additional features in callosal dysgenesis. Consequently, identification of Probst's bundles and the anterior commissure may be important when assessing cortical development in patients with callosal dysgenesis. Received: 14 February 1996 Accepted: 1 August 1996     

Comparison of calcification of pineal,habenular commissure and choroid plexus on plain films and computed tomography

Summary Skull radiographs and CT scans of 1,000 consecutive patients were examined for evidence of calcification in the pineal gland, habenular commissure and choroid plexuses. Plain film results were in agreement with previous surveys suggesting that the CT scan results may be accepted as general findings. Pineal calcification was seen on films in 61% and on CT scans in 83% of those over 30. On both films and CT scans calcification was 10% higher in males. Only 1% had a pineal 12 mm or larger on films. In at least 5% it was impossible to separate the habenula from the pineal by CT; including these, 5% had pineals larger than the accepted upper limit of normal. Measurements from males were 0.4 mm larger than for females on films and 0.2 mm larger on CT scans. Habenular commissure calcification was seen on films in 13% and on CT in 15% of those over 30, being 10% higher in males. Bilateral choroid plexus calcification was seen on frontal films in 15% and on CT in 77% of those over 30. On skull films the frequency of calcification was 2%–3% higher for adult males than females and on CT 7% higher. Calcification was seen on the lateral but not the frontal film in 128 patients. One choroid plexus only was seen on 14 frontal films and on 49 CT scans.     

肿块深度对乳腺超声弹性成像检查结果的影响分析

目的 探究超声弹性成像(UE)中肿瘤深度对于判断乳腺肿物的良、恶性影响.方法 选取本院2017年1月～2018年10月间收治的178例因乳腺肿块行手术切除患者为观察对象,纳入病灶200个.依据肿瘤深度不同分4组.对所有的患者在术前均予以常规超声检查以及超声弹性成像检查,对比不同深度肿瘤的UE成像情况、分析诊断效能(准确...