经胸实时三维超声心动图在房间隔缺损诊疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨实时三维超声心动图在房间隔缺损诊疗中的l临床应用价值。方法：应用Philipa Sonoa 7500实时三维超声成像系统获取32例先天性房间隔缺损息者的三维数据库，利用三维数据工作站对缺损大小进行测量分析。部分病例的三维测量值与二维经胸和(或)经食道超声测量值、球囊伸展径和(或)手术结果对照。对其中4例中央型房缺患者在实时三维超声心动图监测下，经心导管行房缺封堵术。结果：实时三维成像能从多个视角、甚至模拟手术路径立体显示房间隔缺损的金貌，包括缺损的整体形态、部位、大小、残端，以及与周边组织的毗邻关系；同二维超声所测直径相比，三维超声测量结果与介入或手术结果具有更好的相关性(r=0．97va r=0．88)，并能更准确引导房间隔介入手术。结论：与二维超声心动图比较，实时三维超声心动图反映了房间隔缺损的立体空间结构，可对缺损大小进行准确的定量分析。同时在引导介入手术中提供快速而准确的监测手段，具有重要的临床应用潜力。     

超声心动图在诊断胎儿先天性心脏病中的临床价值

目的：探讨应用超声心动图诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的临床意义.材料与方法：对67例先天性心脏病胎儿行胎儿超声心动图检查,着重观察胎儿腹部切面、四腔心切面、左右心室流出道长轴或大动脉短轴切面、胎儿主动脉弓长轴切面.结果：67例先天性心脏病胎儿,其中复杂先天性心脏病部分合并心外畸形39例,单纯室间隔缺损20例、房间隔缺损8例.产后超声心动图随访或引产尸检结果与产前诊断相符.结论：胎儿超声心动图是早期诊断胎儿先天性心脏病比较准确和安全的影像学方法.     

实时三维超声心动图在房间隔缺损介入封堵术中的应用

<正>房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)是最常见的先天性心血管畸形,占先天性心脏病的16.2%～22.0%[1]。实时三维超声心动图(real-time three dimensional echocardio-graphy,RT-3DE)是近年发展起来的一种新的超声成像技术,它可任意从左、右房侧方向观察房间隔及其缺损的形态、大小、部位、与毗邻结构的关系以及随心脏活动缺损形态的变化[2],并可对缺损最大径进行测量。     

实时三维超声心动图诊断房间隔缺损的价值研究

目的：探讨实时三维超声心动图诊断房间隔缺损的应用价值。方法：选择临床拟诊的房间隔缺损（ASD）33例,常规进行传统二维超声及实时三维超声心动图检查,重点对缺损的大小及形状进行测量分析,并将测量值与手术结果进行对照。结果：实时三维超声心动图能够从多个视角（甚至能够模拟手术路径）立体显示房间隔全貌,包括缺损的整体形态、部位、大小以及毗邻关系;同二维超声所测ASD最大径、面积相比,实时三维超声测ASD最大长轴径及面积与手术结果的相关性更高（r=0.97,r=0.84）。结论：实时三维超声心动图对ASD的诊断具有重要应用价值。     

64层螺旋CT在先天性心脏病诊断中的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT在诊断先天性心脏病中的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析20例先天性心脏病的64层螺旋CT血管造影资料,并与超声心动图(ECG)及手术结果相对照.结果 经64螺旋CT心脏造影检查,显示房间隔缺损4例,室间隔缺损6例,法洛四联症7例,右室双出口伴室间隔缺损1例,动脉导管未闭2例,主动脉弓缩窄1例,主动脉弓离断1例.6例显示冠状动脉发育异常,7例显示外周肺动脉不同程度的狭窄.1例患者房间隔缺损(约3 mm)漏诊,1例患者室间隔缺损(约3 mm)漏诊.诊断准确率为90.00%.结论 64层螺旋CT心脏造影在先天性心脏病的诊断中具有重要的价值.     

经胸计算机断层扫描动态三维超声心动图在婴幼儿先天性心脏病中的临床初步应用

超声心动图是诊断婴幼儿先天性心脏病最常用的非创伤性影像检查技术。缺点之一是需大量心脏切面图像才能在检查者头脑中建立起完整的心脏三维结构。这可能导致对心脏缺陷解剖学诊断的不完整或错误。三维图像重建可提高超声心动图诊断的准确性。作者报道应用计算机断层成像探头对婴幼儿进行经胸动态三维超声心动图检查的初步经验。 45例患儿(出生后3天～17岁),包括:室间隔缺损11例,主动脉瓣下狭窄9例,房室隔缺损7例,房间隔缺损4例,右室双出口3例,大动脉转位3例,主动脉狭窄2例,Ebstein’s畸形2例,永存动脉     

超声筛查胎儿及新生儿先天性心脏病

目的:探讨超声筛查和诊断胎儿及新生儿先天性心脏病的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析22088例孕13～40周胎儿的超声学资料,包括四腔心、左、右室流出道声像图,以及其新生儿期的超声学资料,分析胎儿期和新生儿期超声检出和诊断先天性心脏病的能力.结果:①共诊断先天性心脏病105例.产前超声诊断胎儿心脏畸形34例,包括:肺动脉闭锁3例、重度肺动脉狭窄1例、心内膜垫缺损7例、大动脉转位2例、法洛四联症2例、永存动脉干1例、单心室1例、右位心1例、无心畸形1例、心脏肿瘤1例、室间隔缺损12例(小于5mm室间隔缺损5例,大于5mm室间隔缺损7例)、房间隔缺损2例.中止妊娠24例,9例分娩后新生儿超声心动图证实,1例失访.②产后7天内心脏听诊、超声心动图共发现71例先天性心脏病,包括:24例室间隔缺损、3例房间隔缺损、17例动脉导管未闭、15例卵圆孔未闭、11例动脉导管未闭和卵圆孔未闭、1例肺动脉闭锁.除去动脉导管未闭和卵圆孔未闭43例,先天性心脏病产前超声检出率为54.8%.③单纯性室间隔缺损是最常见的先天性心脏病,超声诊断室间隔缺损36例,占先天性心脏病58%.产前检出12例,产后检出24例.单纯性室间隔缺损产前超声检出率33.3%.结论:大部分严重先天性心脏病可在产前诊断.常见的先天性心脏病产前常漏诊,单纯性室间隔缺损是发病率最高、产前漏诊最多的先天性心脏病.     

小儿房间隔缺损单心动周期实时三维经胸超声心动图诊治应用

 目的 探讨单心动周期实时三维经胸超声心动图在小儿房间隔缺损诊疗中的应用价值。方法 应用GE Vivid E9超声诊断仪、M5S广角及4V-D四维探头对27例先天性房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)患者,3～15岁,平均(9.0±5.5)岁,进行常规二维经胸超声及单心动周期实时三维超声经胸心动图检查,明确诊断。并对缺损大小进行测量分析,将二维、三维测量值与手术结果对照。结果 单心动周期实时三维超声心动图能从多个视角,模拟手术路径立体显示房间隔全貌,包括缺损的整体形态、部位、大小,以及毗邻关系;实时三维超声、二维超声同手术结果相对比:测量ASD最大长轴径分别为(29.7±7.3)mm、(33.6±9.2)mm、(31.2±9.2)mm ,实时三维超声较二维超声与手术结果具有更好的相关性(r分别为0.96,0.82)。结论 单心动周期实时三维经胸超声心动图能够模拟手术野,为ASD的测量提供了准确可靠的新方法,具有重要的临床应用潜力。     

超声五切面在筛查胎儿先天性心脏病中的临床价值

目的探讨超声五切面(UAT、4C、LVOT、RVOT和3VT)在产前筛查胎儿先天性心脏病中的临床价值。方法采用超声五切面对9237例孕16～41周胎儿进行心脏超声筛查,发现心血管异常或可疑异常,即进行详细的胎儿超声心动图检查。将产前超声检查结果与引产后尸解结果和产后超声心动图检查结果进行对照分析。结果 9237例胎儿产前超声诊断胎儿先天性心脏病38例,其中4例(10.53%,4/38)合并其它心内畸形,11例(28.95%,11/38)合并心外畸形。胎儿心脏畸形在五切面上的产前超声图像特征包括腹部大血管位置异常、心尖指向异常、非四腔心结构、四腔心不对称、室间隔缺损、冠状静脉窦扩张、室壁增厚、心腔占位、胸部大血管连接、数目、位置、瓣膜和内径比例异常、房室瓣反流、穿隔血流、主、肺动脉弓血流反向。38例胎儿心脏畸形均经病理解剖或产后随访验证,其中36例与产前诊断结果符合,1例法洛四联症误诊为永存动脉干,1例主动脉弓缩窄胎儿经产后超声心动图复查正常。漏诊3例,包括2例室间隔缺损和1例房间隔缺损。超声五切面筛查胎儿先心病的敏感度为90.24%,特异度为100%。结论超声五切面在产前筛查胎儿先天性心脏病中具有重要的临床价值,能够筛查出大多数的先心病,但对部分室间隔缺损和房间隔缺损易漏诊。     

超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形

目的: 探讨超声筛查胎儿先天性心脏畸形的可行性及应用价值.材料和方法: 对5000例产前超声检查者常规观察胎儿心脏四个切面,即四腔心、左室流出道、右室流出道、三血管平面,疑有异常者行超声心动图检查.结果: 超声检查发现25例先天性心脏畸形,其中22例引产尸解证实,3例出生后超声心动图复查证实.漏诊室间隔缺损3例,房间隔缺损3例.结论: 胎儿心脏四个切面筛查能发现绝大部分先天性心脏畸形,包括大血管畸形,但易漏诊小的室间隔缺损及房间隔缺损.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.