前列腺组织性激素结合球蛋白的研究

目的 :旨在研究前列腺组织性激素结合球蛋白 (SHBG)的存在、含量 ,探讨SHBG的生理作用及与前列腺增生的关系。　方法 :应用12 5I标记单抗的双位点夹心免疫放射量度分析 (IRMA)方法 ,检测 2 2例正常中青年前列腺组织、11例老年对照组织和 32例良性前列腺增生 (BPH)组织的胞质和胞核提取液中SHBG的含量。组间差异采用t检验。　结果 :前列腺组织胞质中含有丰富的SHBG ,BPH组为 (5 .11± 1.37)fmol/g湿组织 ,略高于中青年组(4.98± 1.39)fmol/g湿组织和老年对照组 (5 .0 6± 1.2 7)fmol/g湿组织 ,但 3组间比较差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :前列腺组织中存在SHBG ;SHBG的存在有利于结合雄激素并使之在前列腺组织中得以积聚 ,与前列腺生理和前列腺组织增生有关。     

ET-1、ETAR、IGF-ⅠR在正常前列腺和良性前列腺增生中的表达及意义

各种生长因子在前列腺的生长、发育、病理发生中发挥重要作用 ,我们研究内皮素 (ET 1)、内皮素A型受体(ETAR)和胰岛素样生长因子 Ⅰ受体(IGF ⅠR)在正常和良性增生前列腺的表达。现报告如下。材料与方法　正常前列腺组织标本7例 ,手术切除良性增生前列腺组织标本 30例。采用SP免疫组织化学方法结合计算机辅助图像分析检测ET 1、ETAR、IGF ⅠR的表达及其差异。应用SPSS软件包 ,两组间均数比较采用t检验。结果　ET 1主要分布在腺上皮细胞核 ,间质平滑肌细胞核内也可见阳性染色 ,腺体中ET 1阳性细胞核比例在正常和良性增生前列腺…     

桂枝不同提取物对大鼠良性前列腺增生的影响

目的:观察桂枝不同提取物对丙酸睾丸素致大鼠良性前列腺增生的影响。方法:皮下注射丙酸睾丸素(雄性大鼠5mg/kg)造成良性前列腺增生动物模型。给药组分别灌胃给予桂枝不同成分提取物,前列康组相同途径给予前列康混悬液(雄性大鼠2.0g/kg),正常对照组和模型组给以等体积离子净化水。给药期间收集尿液。末次给药24h后取前列腺,计算前列腺指数并进行病理学切片检查。结果:桂枝水煎液具有一定的利尿作用,可明显降低良性前列腺增生模型大鼠的前列腺湿重和前列腺指数(P<0.01),光镜下可观察到其能明显改善前列腺组织病理现象。结论:桂枝水煎液有治疗大鼠良性前列腺增生作用。     

雄激素致去势大鼠前列腺增生的组织形态学研究

目的 :探讨前列腺增生大鼠前列腺的组织形态学改变。　方法 :采用SD大鼠去势后皮下注射丙酸睾酮法复制前列腺增生模型 ,用水取代法测量前列腺体积 ,苏木精 伊红染色观察前列腺增生组织结构 ,同时结合图像分析系统半定量检测前列腺增生内腺体、间质的形态计量学改变 ,并使用逐步引入剔出模型进行多元线性回归分析。结果 :与正常对照组比 ,模型组前列腺体积明显增大 (P <0 .0 1) ,腺腔扩张、间质增多 ;腺体面积、腺体相对总体积、单位体积内腺体平均直径、平均体积、平均表面积均明显增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,腺体数目、腺体数密度、腺体表面积 /腺体体积、腺体平均曲率显著减少 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,体积密度无差异 ;间质面积明显减少 (P <0 .0 1) ,但间质相对总体积明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。回归分析结果 ,前列腺体积与腺体相对总体积和间质相对总体积呈明显正相关 (r分别为 0 .989和 0 .789,P均 <0 .0 0 1) ;前列腺体积与腺体平均体积呈明显正相关 (r =0 .82 4 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。　结论 :雄激素致去势大鼠前列腺增生以腺上皮增生为主 ,表现为腺腔的扩张 ,同时伴间质组织的增生     

椎动脉型颈椎病患者中缩血管活性肽类物质的变化及意义

目的　探索缩血管活性肽类物质在椎动脉型颈椎病发病时的变化情况及病理意义。方法　椎动脉型颈椎病治疗组 30例 ,正常组 30例 ,椎动脉型颈椎病患者均采用中医手法治疗。正常组和治疗组患者分别在治疗前和治疗后空腹取静脉血进行神经肽类物质NPY、ET、CGRP、ANP放射免疫检测。结果　治疗前椎动脉型颈椎病患者的血浆NPY、ET、ANP明显高于正常组 ,而CGRP的含量则低于正常组 (P <0 0 5) ;经过治疗后患者的血浆NPY、ET、ANP含量降低 ,CGRP的含量升高 ,与治疗前比较具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5)。结论　缩血管活性肽类物质在椎动脉型颈椎病发病时可能起重要的神经 体液调节作用     

大鼠前列腺的锥虫蓝透过性实验研究

目的 :了解大鼠正常前列腺、炎症前列腺以及良性增生前列腺的锥虫蓝透过性。　方法 :取 6 0只SD雄性大鼠 ,随机分为正常组 (NP ,n =15 )、细菌性前列腺炎组 (BP ,n =15 )、良性前列腺增生组 (BPH ,n =15 )、良性增生合并细菌性前列腺炎组 (BPH BP ,n =15 ) ,各组随机抽取 5只作为不注射锥虫蓝的对照组 (NC ,n =5× 4 ) ,其余 10只分别由尾静脉注射 2ml1%锥虫蓝溶液。 2h后麻醉处死动物和分离前列腺 ,肉眼直接观察各组大鼠的前列腺被锥虫蓝染色情况 ,并用比色法检测前列腺组织的锥虫蓝浓度。　结果 :注射锥虫蓝的各组大鼠除脑组织和脊髓组织外 ,前列腺的表面及内部组织与肌肉、肝脏、肠道等组织同样被染成相似的蓝色。BP组和BPH BP组前列腺的锥虫蓝含量明显高于BPH组及NP组前列腺的锥虫蓝含量 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :大鼠的正常前列腺、良性增生前列腺以及炎症前列腺都容易被具有较高分子量和离子化性质的锥虫蓝透过 ,但炎性前列腺具有更加明显增高的锥虫蓝透过性。     

大鼠梗阻性黄疸形成中血及肝组织内皮素的水平及意义

目的　了解梗阻性黄疸 (obstructivejaundice ,OJ)形成过程中内皮素 (endothelin ,ET)在血浆及肝组织中的水平及其在OJ肝损伤中的作用。方法　以大鼠胆总管结扎 (bileductligation ,BDL)为模型 ,采用放射免疫法 (radioimmunassay ,RIA)测定了BDL后 3、6、9、1 2、1 5d时血浆及肝组织中ET的含量 ,同时观测血清谷丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)含量变化 ,并与肝组织病理改变进行对照分析。结果　BDL后血清总胆红素 (totalbilirubin ,TBi)迅速升高 ,明显高于NC组和SO组 (P <0 0 1 ) ;BDL组血浆及肝组织中ET水平明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1 ) ,BDL各时相组差异有显著性意义 (F =1 8 41 ,P <0 0 1和F =40 61 ,P <0 0 1 ) ,随梗阻时间延长呈进行性含量升高 ,1 5dET值最高 ,分别为 (2 94 98± 35 95) pg/ml和 (2 0 1 86± 2 4 45) pg/ 1 0 0mg ;二者与血清ALT均呈正相关 (r =0 8441 ,P <0 0 1和r=0 930 3 ,P <0 0 1 ) ,病理切片见肝细胞从肿胀、空泡变性到灶状片状坏死 ,损伤也呈进行性加重 ,与ET含量变化一致 ;病理切片还显示肝内有大量的小胆管及毛细胆管的增生 ,且随着胆管梗阻时间的延长 ,增生越来越明显。结论　实验结果提示在OJ形成中血及肝组织中ET含量上升 ,并随梗阻时间延长而加重 ;ET可能是参与OJ肝脏     

内毒素测定评价预防性抗生素在前列腺穿刺活检中的应用价值

目的 :探讨内毒素 (ET)测定在评价经直肠前列腺穿刺活检的感染危险性和预防性抗生素中的应用价值。方法 :4 8例患者随机分成无预防性处理组 (A组 ,12例 )、预防性抗生素组 (B组 ,13例 )、术前灌肠组 (C组 ,12例 )和联合处理组 (D组 ,11例 )共 4组 ,穿刺前、后分别留取血液和尿液 ,用于细菌培养和ET测定。其中ET采用鲎试验的偶氮显色法 (LQACT)测定。　结果 :前列腺穿刺前、后各组血清ET浓度变化和血培养结果无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;A和B组穿刺后尿ET明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而C和D组无明显升高 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;A和B组穿刺后尿培养细菌阳性率明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而C和D组无明显增高 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :前列腺穿刺活检引起内毒素血症可能性很小 ;术前灌肠和 /或联合预防性抗生素可减少前列腺穿刺引起尿路感染 ;血液、尿液ET测定对经直肠前列腺穿刺活检所致感染的诊断意义较大。     

先心病肺高压病儿血浆内皮素与肺组织I、III型胶原含量的相关研究

目的　探讨先天性心脏病 (先心病 )肺动脉高压病儿血浆内皮素 1(ET 1)和胶原增生的相互关系及其在先心病肺动脉高压形成中的作用。方法　 2 0例左向右分流型先心病病儿分为肺动脉高压组(PH组 )和无肺动脉高压组 (对照组 ) ,用放射免疫学方法测定两组病儿血浆ET 1水平 ,用SDS 间断聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS PAGE)测定肺组织I、III型胶原含量。结果　与对照组相比 ,PH组血浆ET 1水平和肺组织I、III型胶原含量明显增加 (P <0 0 1)。PH组血浆ET 1水平与肺组织I、III型胶原含量呈显著正相关。结论　先心病肺动脉高压的形成可能与ET 1水平升高 ,诱导肺组织I、III型胶原增生有关。     

不同前列腺组织中睾酮及双氢睾酮含量测定的研究

目的　研究雄激素在前列腺增生症及前列腺癌发生中的作用。　方法　分别测定正常人、前列腺增生症患者以及前列腺癌患者血清和前列腺组织中睾酮 (T)及双氢睾酮 (DHT)的浓度。　结果　表明随着年龄增长 ,正常人血清中T水平逐渐下降而DHT浓度保持相对稳定。前列腺增生症或前列腺癌患者血清中两种雄激素浓度与正常对照组相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。长期服用非那雄胺治疗的前列腺增生症患者血清中的DHT水平明显降低而T水平基本不变。各种组织中DHT的含量均为T的几十倍以上 ,前列腺增生症及前列腺癌组织中DHT的含量明显高于正常组织 (P<0 0 1) ,而各组之间组织中睾酮含量差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。长期应用非那雄胺治疗前列腺增生患者组织中DHT的含量没有明显降低 ,而且不同部位增生组织中DHT的含量差异有显著性意义。　结论　前列腺增生症及前列腺癌组织中DHT的高浓度积聚与其发病密切相关 ,组织中DHT的积聚可能是由于前列腺局部 5a 还原酶增高所致 ,而且前列腺组织中可能存在着不止一种 5a 还原酶的作用。     

Decreased prostatic secretory function in canine benign prostatic hyperplasia is not due to decreased levels of muscarinic cholinergic receptors

The ejaculatory volume and the prostatic secretory capacity (ml. ejaculate per gm. prostate wet weight) were determined for a group of dogs with normal and hyperplastic prostates. The ejaculatory volume and prostatic secretory capacity in dogs with BPH were decreased by 70 per cent and 80 per cent respectively, compared to dogs with normal prostates. Radioligand receptor binding using [3H]N-methylscopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, was performed on a similar group of dogs with normal and hyperplastic prostates. The mean equilibrium dissociation constant for the binding of [3H]N-methylscopolamine to homogenates obtained from normal and hyperplastic prostates was 0.21 nM. and 0.19 nM. respectively, demonstrating that the affinity of the receptor binding sites was not altered by the development of BPH. The tissue density of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors (fmol. per mg. prostate wet weight) and the cellular density of these receptors (fmol. per mg. DNA) were not significantly different in normal and hyperplastic prostates. These data indicate that the dramatic reduction in prostatic secretory capacity associated with canine BPH is not related to changes in the muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding capacity.     

Benign hyperplasia of the human prostate is associated with tissue enrichment in chondroitin sulphate of wide size distribution

BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) involves qualitative and quantitative alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) components affecting stromal-epithelial interactions. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharide components of the ECM whose role in the development of BPH is under investigation. METHODS: GAGs were extracted from human prostates of normal and BPH origin and were subsequently fractionated through DEAE-sephacel anion exchange chromatography. The isolated GAG fractions were identified through electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes and treatment with GAG-degrading enzymes of known specificity. Their size distribution was determined through gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Isolated prostatic GAGs included hyaluronic acid (HA), heparan sulphate (HS), and a mixture of dermatan sulphate (DS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS). The CS/DS ratio was significantly higher in hyperplastic as compared to normal prostates. A difference was also observed with respect to the apparent molecular mass of the DS-CS mixture, which reflects the CS enrichment in BPH. GAGs isolated from hyperplastic prostates were more diverse in size as compared to the corresponding glycans from normal prostates. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent increase in CS and decrease in DS content in prostates of patients with BPH is in good agreement with the pathological manifestation of increased cell proliferation in hyperplastic prostate tissue, since these glycan molecules have been reported to increase and decrease cell proliferation, respectively. Identification of the responsible enzymes involved in the homeostasis of CS and DS may provide alternative targets for pharmacological intervention.     

3'-大豆苷元磺酸钠抗实验性小鼠良性前列腺增生的作用观察

目的:研究3'-大豆苷元磺酸钠(DSS)对实验性小鼠BPH及性激素平衡的影响。方法:40只雄性小鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组、BPH模型组、前列康组(阳性对照)、20mg/(kg.d)DSS组及40mg/(kg.d)DSS组,每组8只。皮下注射丙酸睾酮建立小鼠BPH模型。正常对照组给予橄榄油0.1ml/只,前列康组给予前列康5g/(kg.d),DSS组给予DSS20mg、40mg/(kg.d)灌胃。观察每组处理12d后小鼠前列腺湿重、前列腺指数、前列腺组织形态学变化和性激素水平。结果:DSS治疗12d后,与模型组相比,DSS组小鼠前列腺湿重及前列腺指数出现剂量依赖性的降低(P(0.05或P(0.01),光镜下见增生的腺上皮乳头减少或消失,腺体上皮细胞呈低立方或扁平状;血清T、E2含量和T/E2比值明显降低(P(0.05或P(0.01),40mg/(kg.d)DSS组的结果与前列康组相似。结论:DSS对丙酸睾酮所致小鼠BPH具有显著的拮抗作用,其作用机制在一定程度上与降低小鼠血清T、E2含量及T/E2比值有关。     

Increased and localized accumulation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the hyperplastic human prostate

OBJECTIVE: To analyse by immunohistochemistry the expression of chondroitin sulphate (CS) (detected in the hyperplastic prostate and possibly affecting the proliferation of prostate cells) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to determine its distribution and location. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of BPH were obtained from 11 patients (aged 58-83 years) and controls consisting of the transitional zone of five prostates from young men aged 19-27 years. Tissue sections were labelled with antibodies against CS, perlecan, type IV collagen, laminin, and smooth muscle cell (SMC) alpha-actin. The amount of CS immunostaining was estimated by semi-quantitative scoring and correlated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and prostate size. RESULTS: The anti-CS antibody faintly stained the stroma of normal prostates, but in BPH samples the staining was intense and concentrated around acini, including the periphery of adjacent SMCs. This staining pattern was totally absent in the normal samples. Type IV collagen, perlecan and laminin were homogeneously distributed in the whole stroma of both normal and BPH samples. There was no significant correlation between intensity of CS staining and either PSA or prostate size. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of CS proteoglycans is increased in BPH, where they co-locate with basement membranes of the acinar epithelium and of peri-acinar SMCs. This enhanced expression is specific for these proteoglycans, as other basement membrane components are unaffected, and this may result from the regulatory effects of local factors that are active in BPH.     

Prostatic epithelial and luminal area in the transition zone acini: morphometric analysis in normal and hyperplastic human prostate

OBJECTIVE: To analyse quantitatively the acini and changes in the acinar epithelium and lumen in the transitional zone of normal and hyperplastic human prostates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tissue samples of the transitional zone were taken from prostates with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) obtained from 20 patients with clinical symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction who underwent open prostatectomy. The control tissue comprised 20 transitional zones of prostates obtained during autopsy of adults aged < 30 years (killed in accidents). The following variables were measured; the number of acini, total acinar area, area of the lumen, epithelial area, and the median (range) epithelial height, using computerized histomorphometric techniques. RESULTS: The total area of the acini and the luminal area was statistically significantly greater in BPH. In normal and hyperplastic prostates, respectively, the total mean (sd) area (mm2) of the acini was 0.041 (0.007) and 0.056 (0.016), of the lumen was 0.016 (0.003) and 0.036 (0.013), and of the epithelium was 0.025 (0.004) and 0.019 (0.003) (all P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of acini between controls and BPH. The area and the height of the acinar epithelium was statistically significantly greater in BPH; for epithelial height ( micro m) in normal and BPH tissue, respectively the minimum height was 9.92 (1.67) and 6.45 (1.14), the maximum 54.38 (4.09) and 41.52 (4.51) and the median 27.89 (2.48) and 19.96 (2.20) (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the number of acini between control and BPH tissue, but the area and the height of the acinar epithelium was significantly lower in BPH.     

前列腺导管系统远近端的细胞凋亡、雄激素受体亚型与雄雌激素环境研究

目的研究前列腺导管系统远、近端组织的细胞凋亡率、雄激素受体(AR)亚型表达及其雄、雌激素环境,以探讨诸因素在前列腺增长和前列腺增生(BPH)发病中的作用。方法按照前列腺的解剖学特征,分别切取正常前列腺导管系统远、近端组织10例。应用DNA末端原位标记的方法,对正常前列腺导管系统的远近端组织以及20例BPH标本进行了细胞凋亡率的研究,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳(IEF)技术分析了相应组织的AR亚型表达状态,并检测了相应组织的双氢睾酮(DHT)和雌二醇(E2)水平和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)含量。结果 正常前列腺导管系统远近端组织的DHT和E2差异无显著性,BPH组织中的E2含量(平均6.61 ng/g蛋白)略高于正常前列腺导管系统近端组织的含量3.13 ng/g蛋白,差异无显著性(P>0.05),而雄激素受体亚型在正常前列腺导管系统远近端和BPH组织中有明显不同的表达特征,同时正常前列腺导管系统远端组织的细胞凋亡率(41.2±3.5)％显著高于导管系统近端组织(29.2±4.0)％(P<0.05),后者非常显著高于BPH组织(3.9±1.1)％(P<0.001)。正常与增生前列腺组织内的DHT及E2含量与细胞调亡率之间无明显相关性。细胞调亡率与其组织的DHT、E2无明显相关性。结论前列腺导管系统的远近端上皮细胞结构形态生物学特性不同,其周围的间质亦有     

雄激素对良性前列腺增生组织中Bcl-2 mRNA表达的影响

目的 研究雄激素水平对良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）组织中凋亡抑制基因Ｂｃｌ－２ ｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。方法 分别通过服用药物和切除睾丸改变ＢＰＨ患者和大鼠机体雄激素水平,采用ｍＲＮＡ斑点杂交技术,检测不同雄激素水平下的ＢＰＨ组织和大鼠前列腺组织Ｂｃｌ－２ ｍＲＮＡ的表达情况。结果 在所有２０例人ＢＰＨ组织中,Ｂｃｌ－２ ｍＲＮＡ表达均呈阳性,未服药对照组Ｂｃｌ－２ ｍＲＮＡ杂交斑点和积分光密度值（ＩＯＤ     

Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the human prostate gland

BACKGROUND: Calcitonin-related peptides have been found in the human prostate, and calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been demonstrated in subpopulations of neuroendocrine (NE) cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of CT and CGRP as well as the densities of NE cells in normal prostates, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and carcinoma of the prostate (CAP). METHODS: In 42 specimens of radical prostatectomy, the number of CT- and CGRP-immunoreactive NE cells in areas of normal and BPH tissue was determined, and compared with CAP tissue using immunocytochemistry. In addition, by radioimmunoassay (RIA), tissue levels of CT and CGRP were analyzed in extracts from areas of normal, BPH, and CAP tissue, as verified by adjacent histologic sections. RESULTS: A significant decrease in CT-immunoreactive NE cells was observed in hyperplastic nodules of BPH in comparison to normal tissue. These findings were in parallel with a significant reduction in tissue CT level in BPH compared to normal tissue. There was also a marked, but statistically nonsignificant, reduction in CT levels in CAP tissue. In contrast, levels of CGRP in BPH and CAP tissue did not show any significant differences compared to normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: CT and CGRP are present in NE cells of the human prostate. Calcitonin levels are significantly reduced in BPH, in parallel with a decreased number of CT-immunoreactive NE cells, whereas no significant changes in tissue levels of CGRP were observed. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.