Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients receiving enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin after fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 trial.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate whether enoxaparin (ENOX) is superior to unfractionated heparin (UFH) as adjunctive therapy for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who receive fibrinolytic therapy and subsequently undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by analyzing data from the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 (Enoxaparin and Thrombolysis Reperfusion for Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 25) trial. BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on the use of ENOX compared with UFH as adjunctive therapy in STEMI patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy and subsequent PCI. METHODS: A total of 20,479 STEMI patients who received fibrinolytic therapy were randomized to a strategy of ENOX throughout index hospitalization or UFH for at least 48 h, with blinded study drug to continue if PCI was performed. The primary end point of death or recurrent MI through 30 days was compared for ENOX versus UFH among the patients who underwent subsequent PCI (n = 4,676). RESULTS: After initial fibrinolysis, fewer patients underwent PCI through 30 days in the ENOX versus the UFH group (22.8% vs. 24.2%; p = 0.027). Among patients who underwent PCI by 30 days, the primary end point occurred in 10.7% of ENOX and 13.8% of UFH patients (0.77 relative risk; p < 0.001). There were no differences in major bleeding for ENOX versus UFH (1.4% vs. 1.6%; p = NS). Results were similar when PCI was carried out in patients receiving blinded study drug during PCI (n = 2,178). CONCLUSION: Among patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy for STEMI who underwent subsequent PCI, ENOX administration was associated with a reduced risk of death or recurrent MI without difference in the risk of major bleeding. The strategy of ENOX support for fibrinolytic therapy followed by PCI is superior to UFH and provides a seamless transition from the medical management to the interventional management phase of STEMI without the need for introducing a second anticoagulant in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.     

Association of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytic therapy: an ExTRACT-TIMI 25 analysis

Background Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prothrombotic, may worsen hypertension or congestive heart failure and obstruct access to the binding site of aspirin to cyclooxygenase-1 and thereby interfere with aspirin’s mechanism of action in reducing death and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that treatment with NSAIDs prior to an index MI would be associated with an increase in the risk of death, heart failure and recurrent MI among patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) treated with fibrinolytic therapy. Methods In ExTRACT-TIMI 25, patients with STEMI were treated with aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy and randomized to either enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin. We included patients who had received NSAIDs within 7 days of enrollment and evaluated the incidence of MI, the composite of death and MI and the composite of death, MI, severe heart failure and shock through 30 days. Results Of 20,479 patients enrolled, 572 (2.8%) received an NSAID within 7 days of enrollment. NSAID treatment prior to entry was associated with a higher incidence of 30-day death or nonfatal recurrent MI (15.9% vs. 10.8%, univariate P < 0.001). In multivariable models adjusting for randomization group and differences in baseline characteristics, NSAID use was associated with higher odds of MI (adjusted odds ratio [OR_adj] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.07, P = 0.047), the composite of death and MI (OR_adj 1.29, 95% CI 1.00–1.66, P = 0.051), and the composite of death, MI, severe heart failure and shock (OR_adj 1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.65, P = 0.037). Conclusions Among STEMI patients treated with a fibrinolytic agent and aspirin, use of NSAIDs in the week preceding the incident event was associated with a higher incidence of MI, the composite of death and MI as well as the composite of death, MI, severe heart failure and shock at 30 days.     

Enoxaparin is superior to unfractionated heparin in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing fibrinolysis regardless of the choice of lytic: an ExTRACT-TIMI 25 analysis.

AIMS: We compared outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients randomized to a strategy of either enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin (UFH) to support fibrinolysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the Enoxaparin and Thrombolysis Reperfusion for Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Study 25 (ExTRACT-TIMI 25) trial, 20,479 patients undergoing fibrinolysis for STEMI with a fibrin-specific agent (N = 16,283) or streptokinase (SK) (N = 4139) were randomized to enoxaparin throughout their hospitalization or UFH for at least 48 h. The primary end point of death or nonfatal recurrent MI through 30 days occurred in 12.0% of patients in the UFH and 9.8% in the enoxaparin groups when treated with fibrin-specific lytics [odds ratio(adjusted) (OR(adj)) 0.78; 95% CI 0.70-0.87; P < 0.001] and 11.8 vs. 10.2%, respectively, when treated with SK (OR(adj) 0.83; 95% CI 0.66-1.04; P = 0.10; P(interaction) = 0.58). Major bleeding rates including intracranial hemorrhage within the fibrin-specific cohort were 1.2 and 2.0% in the UFH and enoxaparin groups, respectively (P < 0.001) and 2.0% in UFH and 2.4% in enoxaparin patients in the SK cohort (P = 0.16). Interaction tests between antithrombin- and lytic-type were non-significant (P = 0.20). Death, nonfatal MI, or major bleeding was significantly reduced with enoxaparin in the fibrin-specific cohort (OR(adj) 0.82; 95% CI 0.74-0.91; P < 0.001) and favoured enoxaparin in the SK cohort (OR(adj) 0.89; 95% CI 0.72-1.10; P = 0.29; P(interaction) = 0.53). CONCLUSION: The benefits of an enoxaparin strategy over UFH were observed in both SK and fibrin-specific-treated STEMI patients. Therefore, an enoxaparin strategy is preferred over UFH to support fibrinolysis for STEMI regardless of lytic agent.     

红细胞分布宽度联合NT-proBNP预测ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI后心电图ST段回落不良的临床价值

目的探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)联合N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)预测ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)后心电图ST段回落不良的临床价值。方法2017年1月至2019年1月252例接受急诊PCI治疗的STEMI患者,按照PCI后60min时的心电图ST段回落情况分为ST段回落不良组和ST段回落良好组,比较两组临床资料、RDW和NT-proBNP。结果ST段回落不良组Killip分级≥2级、前壁心肌梗死比例、胸痛到球囊扩张时间、入院时肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血尿酸(UA)、纤维蛋白原、甘油三酯(TG)高于ST段回落良好组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。ST段回落不良组NT-proBNP[(4310.34±1514.65)pg/ml]显著高于ST段回落良好组[(2714.71±854.56)pg/ml](t=12.545,P<0.01)。ST段回落不良组RDW[(15.94±1.24)%]显著高于ST段回落良好组[(14.67±1.18)%](t=4.331,P<0.01)。多元logistic回归方程显示NT-proBNP、RDW是STEMI患者PCI后ST段回落不良的独立危险因素(均P<0.01)。NT-proBNP和RDW预测PCI后ST段回落的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.771和0.689,联合NT-proBNP和RDW预测的ROC曲线下面积为0.849(0.738~0.920),显著高于两者单独预测的面积(Z=2.910,P<0.05)。结论RDW联合NT-proBNP有助于预测STEMI患者PCI后ST段回落不良。     

STEMI患者血清多克隆联合游离轻链与PCI术后心功能早期改善及预后的关联性分析

目的 分析ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者血清多克隆联合游离轻链(cFLC)与经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后心功能早期改善及预后的关联性。方法 选择2019年1月至2021年12月于内蒙古自治区人民医院行PCI术治疗的STEMI患者332例(STEMI组),另选择同期非冠心病者162例作为对照组。采用N-Latex FLC系统和散射比浊法测定入院时,发病72 h、7 d和30 d时的血清cFLC水平。PCI术后进行随访,在入院后24 h和3个月后进行超声心动图检查,并记录主要心脏不良事件(MACEs)的发生情况。结果 STEMI组血清cFLC水平于发病7 d时达到峰值,高于对照组入院时水平(P<0.05)。以STEMI组发病后7 d时的血清cFLC中位值为界值将患者分为低cFLC组(<0.66 mg/dl, 166例)和高cFLC组(≥0.66 mg/dl, 166例)。高cFLC组入院时峰值心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、峰值N末端B型脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)、峰值超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、SYNTAX评分、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径...     

Non-invasive detection of early infarct vessel patency by resolution of ST-segment elevation in patients with thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction; results of the angiographic substudy of the Hirudin for Improvement of Thrombolysis (HIT)-4 trial.

Aims The purpose of this study was to validate ST segment resolution as a non-invasive marker for patency of the infarct-related artery 90 min after the start of streptokinase therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods and Results In the HIT-4 angiographic substudy, 447 patients with acute myocardial infarction or =70% ST resolution (n=70) had a 92% probability of TIMI 2/3 flow, while <30% ST resolution (n=172) was associated with the absence of TIMI 3 flow in 84% of patients.Conclusions Despite fairly good sensitivities and specificities the prediction of infarct vessel patency by ST resolution in the individual patient is limited. However, patients with > or =70% ST resolution are likely to have a patent infarct artery and <30% ST resolution predicts epicardial vessel occlusion or, since persistent ST elevation reflects the existing ischaemic myocardial injury, absence of myocardial perfusion.