3种常用藏药的体外抑菌活性研究

目的 测定藏药七十味珍珠丸、八味秦皮丸、仁青常觉的体外抑菌活性。方法 用肉汤稀释法和牛津杯法研究体外抑菌活性,根据最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及抑菌圈大小判断3种藏药的抑菌活性。结果 七十味珍珠丸的抑菌作用由强到弱为金黄色葡萄球菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>铜绿假单胞菌>乙型副伤寒沙门菌>白色念珠菌>大肠埃希氏菌;八味秦皮丸的抑菌作用由强到弱依次为金黄色葡萄球菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>铜绿假单胞菌>乙型副伤寒沙门菌>大肠埃希氏菌>白色念珠菌;仁青常觉的抑菌作用由强到弱依次为金黄色葡萄球菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>铜绿假单胞菌>白色念珠菌>乙型副伤寒沙门菌>大肠埃希氏菌。结论 3种藏药对6种试验菌株的生长均具有不同程度的抑制作用,普遍对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌具有较强的抑制作用,其中八味秦皮丸对大肠埃希菌的生长具有显著的抑制作用,仁青常觉对白色念珠菌的生长抑制作用强于七十味珍珠丸和八味秦皮丸。     

月矾中空栓体外抑菌作用研究

目的研究月矾中空栓的体外抑菌作用。方法采用液体培养基2倍稀释法测定月矾中空栓及月矾普通栓对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌的体外最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果月矾中空栓剂和月矾普通栓对白色念珠菌的抑菌作用最强,其余依次为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌;中空栓剂与普通栓剂对铜绿假单胞菌的抑制效果无明显差别,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抑菌效力提高1倍左右,对白色念珠菌的抑菌效力提高4倍左右。结论月矾中空栓剂和月矾普通栓对4种实验菌均有抑菌作用,中空栓剂的抑菌作用优于普通栓剂。     

炎宁喷雾剂的抗炎、抑菌作用试验研究

目的观察炎宁喷雾剂的抗炎、抑菌作用。方法采用二甲苯引起小鼠耳缘肿胀与角叉菜引起的大鼠足跖肿胀试验方法,考察炎宁喷雾剂对小鼠的耳缘肿胀率和大鼠足跖肿胀率影响;采用体外抑菌试验,观察炎宁喷雾剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、消化道链球菌、变形杆菌、淋病双球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌等的抑制作用。结果炎宁喷雾剂能降低小鼠二甲苯引起的小鼠耳缘肿胀率,抑制由角叉菜引起的大鼠足跖肿胀;体外抑菌试验表明：炎宁喷雾剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、消化道链球菌、变形杆菌、淋病双球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌均有一定程度的抑制作用。其中对金黄色葡萄球菌、消化道链球菌、变形杆菌、淋病双球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌的药物最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为1：16,1：16,1：1,1：8,1：1,1：4（mg／mL）。结论炎宁喷雾剂具有一定的抗炎与抑菌作用。     

野菊花两种提取方式对5种常见细菌的抑菌效果的比较

目的:观察野菊花两种提取方式对5种常见细菌的杀菌效果的分析。方法:分别用50%的乙醇和水煮提取野菊花的有效成份,用琼脂稀释法制备含野菊花不同药物浓度的MH平板,在平板上点种不同的标准菌株,培养24h观察平板上的细菌生长情况。结果水煮提取野菊花对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为25%,对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度均为50%;50%的乙醇提取野菊花对大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度均为50%,对铜绿假单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度均为25%,对粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度最低,均为3.12%。结论:两种提取方法对革兰阳性球菌的抑菌效果有明显不同,相反,对革兰阴性杆菌及白色念珠菌的抑菌效果无明显差别。     

乙二胺四乙酸钠铁口服液微生物限度检查方法验证

目的：建立乙二胺四乙酸钠铁口服液的微生物限度检查法。方法：通过加菌回收的方法对不同批次产品进行验证。对照菌株为金黄色葡萄球菌，大肠埃希菌，枯草芽孢杆菌，白色念珠菌，黑曲霉。结果：常规法对照用阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌回收率〈70％，薄膜过滤法回收率均〉80％。结论：薄膜过滤法可有效去除乙二胺四乙酸钠铁口服液的抑菌活性。用该法进行微生物限度检查。可行性强。能达到检测目的。     

复方左氧氟沙星喷雾剂的体外抑菌实验

目的:考察复方左氧氟沙星喷雾剂体外抑菌能力。方法:采用琼脂稀释法测定复方左氧氟沙星喷雾剂对常见菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:复方左氧氟沙星喷雾剂对5种标准菌株(大肠埃希菌ATCC35218、大肠埃希菌ATCC25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、粪肠球菌ATCC29212、铜绿假单胞ATCC27853),临床分离株(淋球菌L20、表皮葡萄球菌U457)的MIC分别为:0.02,0.1,0.1,0.2,0.1,0.1,1.0mg.L-1。结论:复方左氧氟沙星喷雾剂体外有较好的抑菌能力。     

虎射利咽方体外抑菌作用的实验研究

目的：研究虎射利咽方的体外抑菌作用。方法：采用管碟法和标准试管二倍稀释法测定虎射利咽方对供试菌的抑菌活性、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：虎射利咽方对金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型链球菌的最大抑菌圈直径分别为15、22mm;最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为200、25mg/ml;最低杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为500、50mg/ml,对大肠埃希菌和白色念珠菌抑菌效果不明显。结论：虎射利咽方有抑菌作用。     

淫羊藿不同提取物的体外抑菌实验研究

摘 要 目的：考察淫羊藿不同提取物的体外抑菌作用。方法: 采用倍比稀释法考察淫羊藿不同提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用,测定抑菌圈大小、最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果: 淫羊藿提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌和枯草芽孢氏菌均呈现不同程度的抑菌能力,水提物的抑菌能力强于醇提物（P<0.05或P<0.01）;水提物经过不同温度热处理后对各菌株的抑菌能力无显著差异（P>0.05）,醇提物经高温处理后抑菌能力呈下降趋势,温度越高抑菌能力越弱（P<0.05）。淫羊藿水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC和MBC相同,分别为7.81,1.95,31.25 mg·mL^-1,白色念珠菌的MIC和MBC分别为15.63,31.25 mg·mL^-1;淫羊藿醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌的MIC和MBC相同,分别为15.63,3.91,62.5,62.5  mg·mL^-1。结论:淫羊藿提取物具有明显的抑菌效果,其中水提物优于醇提物。淫羊藿不同化学成分的极性会对抑菌效果产生影响。     

大理独蒜提取物体外抑菌活性的研究

目的研究独蒜的乙醇提取物的抑菌活性,为独蒜开发利用提供一定的实践和数据参考。方法采用乙醇萃取法制备独蒜提取物,并用K-B法、试管二倍稀释法对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、产ESBLs大肠埃希菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌进行体外抑菌活性的研究。结果独蒜提取物对各种供试菌株均有抑菌作用,对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径为25.31mm,MIC为3.91×103μg/mL;对产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的抑菌圈直径为16.35mm,MIC为7.81×103μg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径为18.81mm,MIC为7.81×103μg/mL;对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径为24.22mm,MIC为3.91×103μg/mL;对白色念珠菌的抑菌圈直径为47.55mm,MIC为1.95×103μg/mL。结论独蒜提取物可有效地抑制或杀灭某些革兰阳性、阴性细菌和酵母样真菌,其中对酵母样真菌的抑菌能力要明显强于细菌,且对耐药细菌也有很好的抑菌活性。本研究为大理独蒜的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

皂角刺提取物体外抑菌杀菌作用研究

目的探讨皂角刺提取物对实验室常见菌(大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌)的体外抑菌杀菌作用。方法制备不同溶剂不同浓度的皂角刺提取物,采用滤纸片法测其抑菌杀菌作用,二倍稀释法测其最低抑菌浓度。结果皂角刺提取物对大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白念珠菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌杀菌作用不明显,对金黄色葡萄球菌有一定的抑菌杀菌作用。皂角刺水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为25.0 mg.mL-1;皂角刺乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为12.5 mg.mL-1。结论不同溶剂、不同浓度的皂角刺提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌和杀菌作用。     

柏黛膏的体外抗菌活性及其与青霉素的协同抑菌作用

目的评价柏黛膏抗菌活性及其与青霉素的协同抑菌效能。方法最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定用琼脂二倍稀释法。结果柏黛膏与青霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌与大肠杆菌具有很好的抗菌活性,柏黛膏+青霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌与大肠杆菌抗菌MIC50和MIC90值分别为0.25,4.00 mg.L-1;1,4 mg.L-1。结论柏黛膏与青霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌均有协同抗菌功效。     

丁香精油的提取及其抗菌作用研究

目的考察丁香精油(挥发油)的提取方法及其抗菌活性。方法采用连续回流萃取等不同方法提取丁香精油，并应用平板法考察不同浓度提取物样品对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌作用。结果应用不同方法所得的丁香精油4种提取物对3种供试菌均有一定的抑制作用，且抗菌作用均随着浓度的降低而减弱，4种提取物对大肠埃希菌的作用普遍较强，而对铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的作用稍弱。结论丁香精油气味芬芳怡人，抗菌作用显著，资源丰富，有一定的实用价值。     

百里香精油的化学成分分析及其抗菌活性

目的：分析百里香精油的化学成分及其抗菌活性。方法：采用气相色谱一质谱联用技术（GC—MS）鉴定百里香精油的化学成分,并采用琼脂扩散法考察其对大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌直径。结果：百里香精油共分离出23个峰,鉴定出其中9种化学成分,主要是百里香酚（44．36％）和对伞花烃（31．04％）;百里香精油对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌直径分别是32mm±0．5mm和40．5mm±1．0mm。结论：百里香精油主要成分是百里香酚和对伞花烃,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抗菌活性。     

Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Hofmeisteria schaffneri

Objectives The aims of this study were to establish the antimicrobial potential of Hofmeisteria schaffneri essential oil and its chemical composition. Methods The essential oils of Hofmeisteria schaffneri harvested at flowering (batches I and IV) and non‐flowering (batches II and III) seasons were prepared by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC‐MS. The aqueous and organic (CH₂Cl₂‐MeOH 1 : 1) extracts were prepared by using infusion and maceration techniques, respectively. The in‐vitro antimicrobial activity of the preparations and compounds against Candida albicans and some bacteria (Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive) was assessed using the broth dilution method in 96‐microplate wells. Key findings Forty‐four compounds, representing ～90% of the total constituents, were identified in the essential oil of Hofmeisteria schaffneri collected in flowering (batches I and IV) and non‐flowering (batches II and III) seasons. In all cases, several thymol analogues were the major components of the oils (～65%); some small differences in the relative proportions of these constituents were observed. The infusion exhibited an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, with a MIC value of 64 µg/ml in each case. The essential oil batches were active against Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC ranging from 48 to 192 µg/ml. They were, however, inactive against Gram‐negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi (MIC > 1024 µg/ml). On the other hand, the infusion of the plant as well as the oil from batch I displayed anti‐Candida albicans activity, with MIC of 128 and 192 µg/ml, respectively. Finally, the organic extract did not displayed significant activity against the tested microorganisms (MIC ≥ 1024 µg/ml). Some of the compounds isolated from the plant were also tested. Compounds 8 and 38, which were present in the essential oils, displayed the best antibacterial effect against Gram‐positive bacteria (MIC ranging between 32 and 64 µg/ml). Compounds 6 (present in the infusion) and 10 (present in all preparations) showed higher activity against the yeast (MIC = 128 µg/ml) than the remaining compounds, with MIC values ranging from 256 to 512 µg/ml. Conclusions The composition and antimicrobial activity of the oils changed slightly from flowering to non‐flowering seasons. The results of the present investigation provide in‐vitro scientific support for the use of the plant against skin infections in Mexican folk medicine.     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils from flower,leaf and stem of Ferula cupularis growing wild in Iran

Abstract

Context: Ferula cupularis (Boiss.) Spalik et S. R. Downie (Apiaceae) is a common plant in Iran that grows in the foothills of Dena Mountain. In traditional folk medicine, this plant has different applications, but there are no studies proving their uses.

Objective: This study is the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial effect of the essential oils of F. cupularis.

Materials and methods: The essential oils from flower, leaf, and stem of F. cupularis were analyzed by using GC and GC-MS. Antibacterial activity of essential oils was determined by microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Results: The essential oil from flower of F. cupularis contained 15 monoterpene, 13 oxygenated monoterpene, and 2 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The leaf essential oil contained 12 monoterpene, 13 oxygenated monoterpene, 2 sesquiterpene, 6 oxygenated sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and 3 non-terpenoid components. Stem essential oil contained one monoterpene, 23 oxygenated monoterpene, 2 sesquiterpene, and 6 oxygenated sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The MIC value of stem essential oil was 2.85?mg/mL against both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria except P. aeruginosa which was inhibited at 22.75?mg/mL. The MIC values of leaf and flower essential oils were higher than 5.69 and 22.75?mg/mL, respectively.

Discussion: This study highlighted the strong antibacterial effect of Ferula cupularis’s essential oil which might be due to its high content of oxygenated monoterpene hydrocarbons.

Conclusion: Our results suggested that this plant may be a good candidate for further biological and pharmacological investigations.     

雪荔组方挥发油成分分析及体外抑菌活性研究

目的研究雪荔组方中挥发油的化学成分及其抗菌活性。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取雪荔组方中的挥发油,用GC-MS进行成分分析,面积归一化法测定各成分的质量分数;并采用微量肉汤稀释法测定挥发油的抑菌活性。结果水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油共鉴定出43种成分,占挥发油总成分的85.21?,其中主要含棕榈酸(30.46?),匙桉醇(15.70?),1,2,3,4,4a,7-六氢-1,6-二甲基-4-异丙基萘(6.71?),氧化石竹烯(6.13?),2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(5.93?)等。挥发油在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌均有一定的抑菌作用。结论雪荔组方挥发油具有多种活性成分,有一定的抑菌活性,为进一步合理开发组方提供了科学依据。     

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Centella asiatica. Growing in South Africa

ABSTRACT

In South Africa, Centella asiatica. (L.) Urb is used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases. Analyses of the essential oil of this medicinal plant revealed 11 monoterpenoid hydrocarbons (20.20%), nine oxygenated monoterpenoids (5.46%), 14 sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons (68.80%), five oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (3.90%), and one sulfide sesquiterpenoid (0.76%). α.-Humulene (21.06%), β.-caryophyllene (19.08%), bicyclogermacrene (11.22%), germacrene B (6.29%), and myrcene (6.55%) were the predominant constitutes. The essential oil extract exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus.) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei.) organisms.     

蒙特卡洛模拟评价鞘内注射万古霉素治疗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌颅内感染的给药方案

目的 应用蒙特卡洛模拟评价万古霉素鞘内注射治疗成人开颅术后耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)颅内感染的给药方案.方法 查阅有关成都地区万古霉素对MRSA菌株的最低抑菌浓度值(MIC)及其分布频率与中国成人开颅术后脑膜炎感染患者的群体药动学资料,Crystal Ball软件模拟5 000例次后得到相应目标获得概率(PTA)和累计反应分数(CFR).结果 当MIC值分别为0.03、0.06、0.12、0.25、0.50、1、2 mg·L-1时,万古霉素对MRSA的MIC分布频率分别为12.79％、12.79％、12.79％、12.79％、12.79％、29.07％和6.98％.当MIC分别为≤0.25、0.05、1、2mg·L-1时,分别予2.5、5、10、20 mg·d-1即可达到满意的抗菌活性(PTA=100％);鞘内注射10 mg·d-1的给药方案,其CFR大于90％.结论 结合各MIC分布频率与达满意抗菌活性的最低剂量可知,大多数成人开颅术后MRSA颅内感染的患者鞘内注射万古霉素10 mg·d-1时均可达到满意的治疗效果,经验性鞘内注射万古霉素时可考虑10 mg·d-1的给药剂量方案.     

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and the ethanol extract of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr and Perry buds

In the present study, the essential oil isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 55 compounds representing 93.71% of the oil were identified. The oil significantly inhibited the growth of food spoilage (FS), food-borne (FB), skin pathogens (SP), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and multiantibiotic-resistant bacteria (MARB). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the oil against the tested microorganisms were found in the range of 1-20muL/mL. Whereas the ethanol extract exhibited potential antibacterial activity against the entire tested Gram positive bacteria and one food spoilage Gram negative bacterium P. aeruginosa. The MIC and MBC values of ethanol extract against the tested bacteria were found in the range of 0.25-32mg/mL. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies demonstrated potential detrimental effect of the essential oil on the morphology of MRSA-P249 and VRE-B2332 at the used MIC values, along with the potential effect on cell viabilities of the tested bacteria. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity and the scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals of the essential oil and the ethanol extract were also evaluated.     

北极放线菌BF-1发酵条件优化及代谢产物抑菌活性研究

目的优化发酵工艺以提高北极放线菌BF-1发酵液中抑菌活性物质的产量;测定BF-1次级代谢产物的体外抑菌活性。方法以发酵液抑菌活性为指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验对放线菌BF-1发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化;琼脂稀释法测定BF-1发酵液最低抑菌浓度。结果最佳发酵培养基:淀粉5g.L-1,NH4Cl 5g.L-1,黄豆15g.L-1,MgSO40.25g.L-1,海水晶30g.L-1;最佳发酵条件:28℃,起始pH7,接种量5%;BF-1发酵液对绿脓杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为640μg.mL-1。结论北极放线菌BF-1发酵液中次级代谢产物具有显著的体外抑菌活性,优化后BF-1发酵液的抑菌活性与优化前相比提高了约2.6倍。