相思藤总黄酮对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用及机制

目的 研究相思藤总黄酮(XSTF)对四氯化碳(CCl4)、对乙酰氨基酚(AP)和D-半乳糖胺(D-GalN)所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法 分别以CCl4、AP和D-GalN诱导小鼠急性肝损伤为模型,检测其血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)以及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-PX)的含量,观察XSTF对急性化学性肝损伤的影响.结果 XSTF明显降低CCl4、AP及D-GalN所致急性肝损伤小鼠的AST、ALT活性,并呈现明显的量效关系;XSTF能显著提高肝组织中SOD、GSH和GSH-PX含量,并显著降低MDA含量(P＜0.05).结论 相思藤总黄酮对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用,可能与其清除自由基,抑制脂质过氧化有关.     

玉郎伞提取物对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制的研究

目的：探讨玉郎伞提取物(YLS)对四氯化碳(CCl4)、硫代乙酰胺(Thioacetamide，TAA)和对乙酰氨基酚(Acetaminophen，AP)致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法：采用CCl4、TAA和AP所致的实验性肝损伤模型，通过测定ALT、肝药酶和丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—PX)等的改变，观察YLS对急性化学性肝损伤的影响。结果：YLS对CCl4、TAA和AP所致急性肝损伤小鼠有明显的降低ALT活性，抑制脂质过氧化、降低肝组织MDA含量，提高肝脏细胞色素P450(P450)和细胞色素b5(Cyt．b5)含量，增强苯胺羟化酶和氨基比林—N—去甲基酶活性，以及诱导肝药酶活性作用。此外，YLS还能明显提高AP肝损伤小鼠肝组织和血清中谷胱甘肽(GSH)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶((3SH—PX)的水平。结论：YLS对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤具有显著的保护作用，其机制可能与抑制脂质过氧化、诱导肝药酶、提高GSH含量和GSH—PX活性有关。     

虫草多糖对小鼠化学性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察虫草多糖(CP)对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用.方法分别采用四氯化碳(CCl4)和D-氨基半乳糖(D-galactosamine, D-GalN)诱导小鼠急性化学性肝损伤,比色法测定血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的含量、肝匀浆中超氧歧化酶(SOD)活力以及丙二醛(MDA)浓度,并作肝组织切片病理观察.结果虫草多糖(125、250、500 mg/kg)ig 给药明显降低CCl4和D-GaLN诱导的化学性肝损伤后小鼠血清中升高的ALT和AST水平,抑制肝匀浆中上升的MDA水平和升高过低的SOD活性.病理检查结果显示有明显的保肝作用.结论虫草多糖对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤有一定的保护作用.     

来氟米特对急性化学性肝损伤小鼠肝Cyt.P450酶含量及CYP2E1 mRNA表达的影响

目的观察来氟米特(Lef)作用前后急性化学性肝损伤小鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450(Cyt.P450)、细胞色素b5(Cyt.b5)含量及P4502E1(CYP2E1)mRNA表达水平的变化,进一步研究其治疗机制。方法采用CCl4诱导小鼠急性化学性肝损伤模型,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性,肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及肝微粒体细胞色素P450(Cyt.P450)和细胞色素b5(Cyt.b5)含量,RT-PCR法检测小鼠肝脏细胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)mRNA表达水平,并作肝组织切片病理观察。结果Lef明显降低CCl4急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST水平;降低肝匀浆MDA含量;提高GSH含量并提高肝微粒体Cyt.P450、Cyt.b5含量;抑制CYP2E1 mRNA表达;减轻肝脏病理损伤。结论Lef治疗CCl4所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤,可能与其诱导肝微粒体Cyt.P450表达,抑制CYP2E1 mRNA转录及抗脂质过氧化有关。     

三七总皂苷对急性化学性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的:研究三七总皂苷(PNS)对急性化学性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法:昆明种小鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、PNS(100 mg/kg,200 mg/kg,400 mg/kg)组和联苯双酯(BP,150 mg/kg)组。给药组分别灌胃相应的受试药物,正常组和模型组给予等量溶媒,每天1次,连续10 d。第10天经腹腔注射0.1%四氯化碳(CCl4,10 ml/kg)诱发急性化学性肝损伤小鼠模型。比色法测定血清中丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、羟脯氨酸(Hyp)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量。取固定部位肝脏组织,HE染色观察肝组织病理损伤程度,免疫组织化学法检测肝组织肿瘤坏死因子蛋白(TNF-α)的表达。结果:与模型组相比,三七总皂苷(200 mg/kg,400 mg/kg)不仅可减轻肝组织损伤程度,降低ALT、AST、MDA和Hyp含量,升高SOD、GSH的水平,还可抑制肝组织中TNF-α的表达。结论:PNS对急性化学性肝损伤小鼠具有一定保护作用。     

橙皮苷对急性化学性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及机制

目的 探讨橙皮苷(HDN)对D-氨基半乳糖胺(D-GalN)致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用及可能机制.方法 建立D-GalN诱导小鼠急性化学性肝损伤模型,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平,放射免疫分析法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)活性、肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量.RT-PCR法检测小鼠肝脏白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)mRNA表达水平,并作肝组织切片病理观察.结果 病理学切片显示HDN能明显改善模型组小鼠肝脏组织病变范围与程度,使炎细胞浸润减少;并且HDN能降低D-GalN急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST、TNF-α水平;降低肝组织匀浆MDA含量;提高SOD、GSH-Px活性;抑制IL-1β mRNA表达.结论 HDN对D-GalN致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤具有保护作用,可能与其降低小鼠血清中TNF-α的水平、抑制IL-1β mRNA表达及抗脂质过氧化有关.     

凯西莱对四氯化碳致小鼠肝毒性保护作用的研究

目的 :研究凯西莱对四氯化碳 (CCl4 )致小鼠肝毒性的保护作用及其机理 ,并探讨其剂量学。方法 :采用 CCl4 腹腔注射制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型 ,随机分为 4组 ,以不同剂量凯西莱 (2 5 ,5 0 ,10 0及 2 0 0 mg· kg- 1·d- 1 )腹腔注射治疗 4天。观察动物体重改变及肝组织超微结构改变 ,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (AL T)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST)活性及肝脏蛋白、丙二醛 (MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)水平。结果 :CCl4 注射后小鼠体重不增 ,血清 AL T、AST和肝脏 MDA水平明显升高 ,肝脏 GSH和 SOD水平则降低 ,肝组织超微结构显示有明显损伤。凯西莱治疗组与模型组相比 ,血清 ALT和 AST活性及肝组织 MDA含量均显著降低 ,以 5 0 mg/ kg治疗组肝损伤最轻。凯西莱还可使肝脏 GSH和 SOD恢复到正常水平。结论 :凯西莱通过抗脂质过氧化而有效对抗 CCl4 对小鼠的肝毒性 ,且存在最佳剂量。     

补肺元汤对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

[目的]探讨补肺元汤对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.[方法]用四氯化碳制作小鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察补肺元汤对小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)及肝匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的影响.[结果]补肺元汤可明显降低四氯化碳所致急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT,AST活性,降低肝组织MDA含量,提高SOD,GSH活性和T-AOC.[结论]补肺元汤对四氯化碳所致急性肝损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与清除氧自由基,抑制脂质过氧化有关.     

肝达复颗粒对四氯化碳肝损伤大鼠和小鼠影响的实验研究

目的:研究肝达复颗粒对四氯化碳肝损伤大鼠和小鼠的保肝作用。方法:以灌胃CCl4复制小鼠急性肝损伤模型、皮下注射CCl4复制大鼠急、慢性肝损伤模型。以血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT),谷草转氨酶(AST),肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、肝羟脯氨酸(Hyp)、肝组织病理学检查等为指标,观察肝达复颗粒的抗肝损伤作用。结果:肝达复颗粒对CCl4造成的急性肝损伤大鼠和小鼠ALT,AST活性升高有显著的降低作用,可显著降低大鼠肝组织MDA水平,升高SOD水平。肝达复颗粒可显著降低CCl4慢性肝损伤大鼠ALT,AST活性,升高肝组织SOD、GSH水平,降低MDA、Hyp水平。结论:肝达复颗粒对四氯化碳肝损伤大鼠和小鼠有显著的保肝作用。     

胡黄连总苷对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 :研究胡黄连总苷 (TGP)对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 :腹腔注射四氯化碳 (CCl4 )制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型 ,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST)活性、肝脏重量指数 ;同时测定肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮 (NO)含量和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性。结果 :连续 7d灌胃给予 8、16mg (kg·d)TGP ,能明显抑制肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST活性的升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,减轻增加的肝脏重量指数 ,显著抑制肝组织中MDA、NO含量的升高及SOD活性的下降 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :TGP对CCl4 引起的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用 ,这种作用与其抗脂质过氧化有关     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.