Biochemistry and the schizophrenias.

This paper reviews the present status of the transmethylation and the dopamine hypotheses of schizophrenia and presents recent data on the definitive identification and measurement of the endogenous hallucinogen, dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in human cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Elevated levels are found in some cases of schizophrenia and of liver disease. Evidence is discussed showing that DMT may be a normal neuroregulatory agent which is responsive to stress or emotional reactions.     

Biochemistry of reoxygenation injury

This paper summarizes current knowledge on the biochemistry of oxygen toxicity in general and the ischemia-reoxygenation tissue injury in particular. The superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical in cells can be formed enzymically or nonenzymically. Primary effects of oxygen radicals result in lipid peroxidation, which is believed to be initiated by a perferryl radical. Secondary effects are believed to be due to a disturbance in cellular calcium homeostasis. Reactions and treatment potentials are highly complex and their effects on cells, tissues, and organism are difficult to predict. Treatment potentials include superoxide dismutase, catalase, calcium entry blockers, iron chelators, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, and agents to prevent leukocyte adhesion. Reoxygenation injury mechanisms during resuscitation from clinical death can be studied in animals by evaluating the effects of antireoxygenation injury therapies and by monitoring free radical reactions.     

Biochemistry of Snake Venoms

Abstract

Lead intoxication is common among young urban dogs. The age, seasonal, and slum occurrence is similar to that in children. The clinical signs, radiographic, hematologic, and urinary changes, and the tissue lesions are also comparable to those in children. Because of these similarities, the study of accidental and experimental lead poisoning in dogs may be of considerable comparative interest. It is suggested that the study of known or suspected toxicologic diseases and the blood or tissue accumulation of various toxicants in urban pets, especially dogs and cats, might be of considerable value in determining the hazards of environmental lead and other toxins for urban man.     

Biochemistry of copper.

Copper, as a component of numerous cuproenzymes, plays a vital role in many physiologic functions in man and animals. From the stand-point of human health there are at least three functional areas of prime importance. Copper is involved in the development and maintenance of cardiovascular and skeletal integrity, central nervous system structure and function, and erythropoietic function including iron metabolism. Although there is no evidence for widespread copper deficiency in the human population, it does occur, owing to genetic defects and other precipitating factors. A clear understanding of the functions of copper and its mechanisms of action could prove highly beneficial in the solution of present and unforeseen problems in medicine.