Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma associated with inflammatory nasal polyposis: a case report

Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is an uncommon benign lesion of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The etiology is unclear, however it is considered to be secondary to chronic sinonasal inflammation. Although it is rare, REAH should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis of the nasal lesions. Complete surgical excision of the lesion is generally enough for the cure. A detailed pathological examination is necessary to prevent unnecessary surgical interventions. In this article, we present a 60-year-old female patient with REAH in the left nasal cavity associated with inflammatory polyp in the right nasal cavity.     

Malignant transformation of nasal polyp. Case report

Malignant transformation of nasal polyps is believed to be very rare. A 49-year-old man had suffered from nasal polyposis and visited the hospital complaining of nasal obstruction and a huge nasal polyp in the right nostril. Histologic findings showed squamous cell carcinoma with microinvasion on the surface of the polyp and no invasion of carcinoma in the stalk. Simultaneously, malignant transformation of a small polyp was found in the left nasal cavity. Clinical and histologic findings are discussed.     

Solitary polyps of the uncinate process

Cases of a solitary polyp of the nasal cavity are much less common than cases of massive polyposis. The most important factor in the formation of solitary polyps is the anatomic variations that result in mucosal contacts. We report the case of a patient who had bilateral solitary polyps of the uncinate process. Radiologic and clinical examinations revealed a medially bent uncinate process in the right nasal cavity and a bifid uncinate process in the left nasal cavity. These structures were the origins of the polyps.     

The rare case of nasal glioma

The authors presented a case of nasal glioma in an adult man which had performed as nasal polyp. Histopathologic studies confirmed neuroglial tissue--Astrocytoma fibrillare. These tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein as well as for S-100 protein and vimentin. There was no communication between the tumor and the cranial cavity on radiological examination (TC, MRI). Treatment is usually surgical. In this article authors describe a case of a nasal glioma that was removed via a lateral rhinotomy.     

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Nasal Cavity

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is often founded in the head and neck region. However, BSCC in the sinonasal tract is rare. We report here on the case of a 58-yr-old woman who presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Computed tomography and examination of the nasal cavity revealed a tumor mass that originated from the right inferior turbinate with erosion of the nasal floor. The tumor that was attached to the inferior turbinate, the lateral nasal wall and the eroded right side hard palate, and so all this was resected. Histopathologic examination of the excised tumor confirmed BSCC in the nasal cavity. We report here on a nasal cavity BSCC that was treated with partial maxillectomy only.     

Coexistence of benign schwannoma and lymphoma in a nasal polyp

The existence of a combined benign schwannoma and lymphoma presenting as a nasal polyp has not been described in the English literature. We are reporting this rare combination in a 50-year-old male whose presenting symptoms were nasal obstruction, nasal deformity and headache. Examination of the left nasal cavity revealed a mass which was confined to the nose on computed tomography (CT) scan examination. Histopathology of the mass revealed a major component to be a benign schwannoma and a minor component a large B-cell lymphoma.     

鼻息肉组织中一氧化氮与肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达及其相关性研究

目的：探讨一氧化氮(NO)与肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在鼻息肉组织中的表达的相关性及其在鼻息肉形成过程中的作用。方法：应用化学比色法和放射免疫法对33例鼻息肉患者(鼻息肉组)的息肉、黏膜和血清标本及10例鼻中隔偏曲患者(对照组)的黏膜和血清标本进行NO和TNF-α的检测。结果：鼻息肉组的息肉和黏膜中的NO及TNF-α水平明显高于对照组的黏膜，其差异有极显著性意义(P＜0．01)，两组血清标本差异无显著性意义(P＞0．05)；鼻息肉组的息肉和黏膜中NO与TNF-α之间呈明显负相关(r＝一0．411，P＜0．05和r＝一0．476，P＜0．01)；息肉和黏膜中的TNF-α水平呈明显正相关(r＝0．808，P＜0．01)。结论：鼻息肉组织中有较高水平的NO及TNF-α的存在，且二者之间存在负反馈关系，提示NO与TNF-α在鼻息肉形成过程中有重要作用。     

鼻窦炎伴巨大筛上颌窦气房患者临床分析

目的 探讨鼻窦炎伴巨大筛上颌窦(ethmomaxillary sinus,EMS)气房的临床特征和治疗效果.方法 收集15例(18侧)EMS气房患者的病例资料,记录术侧EMS气房的影像和内镜特点以及手术、随访结果.结果 诊断慢性鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉9例,慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉3例,真菌球3例.EMS气房左侧7例,右侧3例,双侧...     

三种促炎因子在鼻息肉及术后两周紧邻术区鼻黏膜的变化

目的 研究鼻息肉及鼻内镜术后2周紧邻术区鼻黏膜中血管细胞黏附分子（vascular cell adhesion molecule，VCAM）-1、嗜酸粒细胞亲合素（Eotaxin）及血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）的表达及相关性，探讨鼻息肉术后复发的可能机制。方法 应用链霉亲和素-过氧化物酶（SABC）免疫组化法检测30例鼻息肉及其中22例鼻内镜术后2周患者紧邻术区鼻黏膜的VCAM-1、eotaxin和VEGF的表达情况；HE染色光镜下观察组织结构、炎性细胞浸润情况。结果 ①HE染色可见鼻息肉组织嗜酸粒细胞大量浸润，术后则明显减少（t=2．891，P〈0．05）；②VCAM-1在鼻息肉手术前后均呈阳性表达，阳性面积差异无统计学意义（t=-2．051，P〉0．05），平均吸光度术后减弱（t=3．670，P=0．05）；Eotaxin手术前后阳性面积差异无统计学意义（t=0．739，P〉0．05），平均吸光度术后明显减弱（t=4．428，P〈0．05），Eotaxin术后腺体阳性率明显增加（t=-2．899，P〈0．05）；③VEGF阳性面积及平均吸光度手术前后表达差异均无统计学意义（t值分别为-0．037、0．825，P值均〉0．05）。结论 ①鼻息肉鼻内镜手术后嗜酸粒细胞数量明显减少，说明紧邻术区水肿状组织不同于鼻息肉。②VCAM-1、Eotaxin术后紧邻术区鼻黏膜阳性表达，说明Eotaxin有可能上调VCAM-1在血管内皮的表达，促进嗜酸粒细胞黏附于内皮细胞，穿内皮细胞问隙迁移到组织中，可能是息肉复发的基础。其中Eotaxin术后腺体阳性表达明显增加，推测其可能在鼻息肉复发早期发挥重要作用。③VEGF术后高表达，提示VEGF可促进术区血管增生及通透性增强，使局部组织增生、水肿，从而可能成为息肉复发过程中的重要因素之一。     

Two cases of paranasal sinusitis with choanal polyp in children]

Patients with choanal polyp often suffer from maxillary sinusitis of the same side. Hence, Caldwell-Luc operation in addition to polypectomy has been recommended for the treatment of choanal polyp. Choanal polyp occurs more frequently in children with nasal polyp(s) than in adults with nasal polyp(s). For this reason, it is preferable to perform surgery so as to preserve the maxillary sinus as much as possible. The authors surgically treated two children with choanal polyp. A 12-year-old girl had a choanal polyp arising from the posterior portion of the middle turbinate and received an osteoplastic maxillary operation and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The other, a 13-year-old girl, with an antro-choanal polyp underwent FESS only. One year after surgery, both patients showed no recurrence of polyp and had recovered an aerated maxillary sinus cavity covered with normal mucous membrane. Based on the experiences of these two cases, FESS appears to be very helpful in treating children with choanal polyp and paranasal sinusitis.     

肥大细胞及其类胰蛋白酶在鼻息肉发病中的作用

摘要：目的对鼻息肉中的肥大细胞及其类胰蛋白酶（mast cell tryptase,MCT）进行定位和定量分析，探讨肥大细胞及其类胰蛋白酶在鼻息肉发病中的作用。方法选取符合纳入标准的鼻息肉患者22例作为实验组，采集手术切除标本22份；选取同时行下鼻甲部分切除术的鼻中隔矫正术住院患者12例作为对照组，采集下鼻甲黏膜组织标本12份。采用ELISA法检测鼻息肉中肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶、IL 8、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子（Eotaxins）的表达状况，并用免疫组化法对鼻息肉中的肥大细胞及其类胰蛋白酶进行定位和证实。结果鼻息肉组中MCT、IL 8、Eotaxins的蛋白表达高于下鼻甲组，且MCT与IL-8之间、MCT与Eotaxins之间存在中等正相关。免疫组化提示鼻息肉组中存在大量的肥大细胞，类胰蛋白酶的表达明显高于下鼻甲组。结论肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶在鼻息肉中IL 8、Eatoxins等的分泌、炎性细胞的募集以及鼻息肉中上皮增生、间质水肿、血管增生扩张过程中扮演了十分重要的角色。     

Lymphangiomatous polyp of the nasal cavity: a rare presentation

Lymphangiomatous polyp of the nasal cavity is a very rare condition. We are reporting a case of a unilateral nasal mass presenting with noisy breathing during sleep, change of voice, watery nasal discharge, and anosmia in a 5-year-old boy. The mass was removed via a transnasal endoscopic approach, and a diagnosis of lymphangiomatous nasal polyp was established by histopathology.     

水通道蛋白-5与鼻息肉手术疗效的相关性

目的观察水通道蛋白-5（aquaporin-5,AQP5）在鼻息肉术后未复发及复发患者鼻息肉组织中的表达及分布,初步探讨AQP5在鼻息肉中的表达程度与鼻息肉手术疗效的相关性。方法选取鼻息肉患者63例,两侧病变以病重侧计,所有病例均在鼻内镜下行鼻息肉摘除及窦口开放术。取63例鼻息肉组织,用4％多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,连续切片,应用HE染色和免疫组织化学技术检测AQP5在未复发和复发鼻息肉组织中的阳性细胞的表达,对AQP5表达程度和手术疗效进行相关性统计学分析。结果AQP5在鼻息肉术后未复发组中的阳性细胞表达显著降低,与复发组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论AQP5的高表达可能与术后鼻息肉复发有一定关系;鼻息肉的AQP5的表达程度可以作为预测鼻息肉患者预后指标之一。     

The large tumour of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses--a case report

The authors described the case of the large tumour of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses caused total occlusion of the right nasal cavity. The greater part of the tumour was outside of the nasal cavity. Computed tomography showed: a mass, which filled nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, ethmoid, frontal and translocated the septum. The rhinotomy was performed and the large tumour was removed. In histopathological test was found: polypus fibrovascularis oedematicus in statu inflammationis chronicae.     

Do topical nasal decongestants affect polyps?

CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that decongestants reduce the size of nasal polyps could not be verified. Decongestion is therefore recommended prior to nasal endoscopy, especially in polyp diagnosis, as it does not artificially change the size of the polyps. OBJECTIVE: The role of nasal decongestants in nasal stuffiness is well established and their action is well known. Decongestants are also used prior to nasal endoscopy to achieve a better view of the nasal cavity in order to diagnose polyps. The question is whether this decongestion invalidates the estimation of polyp size in clinical and scientific practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of topical decongestants on polyp extension in patients with nasal polyposis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The effect of the decongestants nafazoline and epinephrine on nasal polyp size was assessed by means of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study. A sensitive endoscopic scoring system, lateral imaging, was used to assess the size and extension of the nasal polyps. RESULTS: No significant effect of decongestion on polyp size could be found for either treatment.     

Granular cell tumour arising from the Kiesselbach's area of the nasal septum

An extremely rare case of a granular cell tumour arising from the right Kiesselbach's area (Little's area) of the nasal septum is reported. A 69-year-old Japanese woman consulted our clinic and her chief complaints were of continuous serous discharge, stuffiness and occasional slight bleeding from the right nasal cavity. Fibrescopy showed a multilocular mass, which was provisionally considered a nasal polyp. Surgical excision was attempted. During surgery, the tumour shrank markedly following local application of adrenaline, suggestive of hypervascularity. The tumour was successfully excised by careful dissection after cauterisation of the mucosa surrounding the tumour. Histopathological examination revealed morphological features of granular cell tumour immunopositive for S-100 protein. This is the first report of granular cell tumour arising from the Kiesselbach's area in the English literature. The eccentric behaviour of the tumour and the management of a granular cell tumour arising from this area are discussed, together with a literature review.     

Do angiomas of the nasal septum exist?

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNA) by definition originate in the nasopharynx. Vascular tumors arising in the nasal cavity can easily be mistaken for JNA, when the correct diagnosis is hemangioma or angiofibromatous polyp. We present a case that illustrates this problem, an 11-year-old boy with a unilateral anterior nasal cavity mass associated with recurrent epistaxis. At surgery, the mass was found to arise from the anterior nasal septum and was removed easily with minimal bleeding. The initial pathologic interpretation was JNA. After extensive review of the specimen, however, the diagnosis of hemangioma was made. Similar tumors have been reported as being JNA that have been simple to remove with minimal blood loss. JNA is associated with more severe blood loss, is more difficult to expose surgically and has a higher risk of recurrence than other nasal tumors. Therefore, JNA needs to be distinguished from anterior nasal cavity masses.     

Do topical nasal decongestants affect polyps?

Conclusions. The hypothesis that decongestants reduce the size of nasal polyps could not be verified. Decongestion is therefore recommended prior to nasal endoscopy, especially in polyp diagnosis, as it does not artificially change the size of the polyps. Objective. The role of nasal decongestants in nasal stuffiness is well established and their action is well known. Decongestants are also used prior to nasal endoscopy to achieve a better view of the nasal cavity in order to diagnose polyps. The question is whether this decongestion invalidates the estimation of polyp size in clinical and scientific practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of topical decongestants on polyp extension in patients with nasal polyposis. Material and methods. The effect of the decongestants nafazoline and epinephrine on nasal polyp size was assessed by means of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study. A sensitive endoscopic scoring system, lateral imaging, was used to assess the size and extension of the nasal polyps. Results. No significant effect of decongestion on polyp size could be found for either treatment.     

鼻腔恶性黑色素瘤12例报告

报告鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤１２例，该病好发于鼻腔外侧壁和鼻中隔；应与鼻腔癌、血管瘤、鼻息肉相鉴别；广泛彻底切除为本病的主要治疗方法。并对本病的病理组织学改变，临床表现、治疗方法及预后进行讨论。     

Isolated sphenochoanal polyp: A rare clinical entity

Choanal polyps almost always appear as solitary growth and most commonly arise from the maxillary sinus. Isolated polyp originating from the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus or from its interior and extending as choanal polyp in to the nasopharynx are extremely rare clinical entities. Here we report a 34-year-old male presenting with a history of headache, intermittent nasal discharge and nasal obstruction. A diagnosis of sphenochoanal polyp (SCP) was made on nasal endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The SCP was removed endoscopically via a transnasal sphenoidotomy and histopathologically it was confirmed as inflammatory polyp. In this paper we discuss the clinical presentation and surgical management of this rare clinical entity.