Understanding the Choice of Sleep Arrangements and Soothing Methods and Their Associations with Sleep Problems among Children Under 3 Years Old: A Chinese Population-Based Study

Objective This study aimed to examine the sleep arrangements and soothing methods and to assess their associations with sleep problems among children aged < 3 years in China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 from six provinces in China. A total of 1,195 caregivers of children aged 0–35 months were included in the study. Data on sleep arrangements,soothing methods, and sleep problems(i.e., frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep)were assessed using the Brie...     

缺血性脑卒中全基因组关联研究提示阳性基因位点与睡眠行为的交互作用

目的: 探讨睡眠行为(睡眠时长、睡眠效率、入睡时间)和全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association studies, GWAS)提示阳性缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke, IS)基因位点与IS风险的关联,以及睡眠-基因交互作用与IS风险的关联。方法: 基于北京市房山家系队列,在基线对所有研究对象进行问卷调查、体格检查、血生化检测和基因型检测。采用多因素广义线性模型分析睡眠、基因与IS的关联。结果: 共纳入研究对象4 648人,平均年龄(58.5±8.7)岁,其中IS患者有1 316人。相比于非患者,IS患者睡眠时长≥9 h、睡眠效率 < 80%及入睡时间早于22:00占比更高(P均 < 0.05)。多因素广义线性模型下,未见睡眠时长与IS风险的线性关联(OR=1.04,95%CI：0.99~1.10,P=0.085)。睡眠效率与IS风险呈线性负相关(OR=0.18,95%CI：0.06~0.53,P=0.002);相比于睡眠效率≥80%,睡眠效率 < 80%的IS风险为其1.47倍(95%CI：1.03~2.10,P=0.033)。相较于在22:00—22:59入睡,入睡时间早于22:00的IS风险是其1.26倍(95%CI：1.04~1.52,P=0.017)。多因素模型发现ABO基因上rs579459位点与入睡时间存在交互作用(P_交互=0.040),rs579459致病等位基因T个数为2时,相比于入睡时间22:00—22:59,早于22:00入睡者IS风险显著升高,为其1.56倍(95%CI：1.20~2.04,P=0.001),而致病等位基因个数为0或1时无显著关联。仅调整性别、年龄、家系的模型中,睡眠时长与PITX2基因上rs2634074致病等位基因T的个数对IS存在交互作用(P_交互=0.033)。结论: 睡眠效率降低与IS风险增高有关,入睡时间早于22:00与较高的IS风险相关。入睡时间与ABO基因上rs579459和IS风险存在交互作用;睡眠时长与PITX2基因上rs2634074和IS风险可能存在潜在的交互作用。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停临床亚型的潜在类别以及对不同类别首次持续气道正压通气治疗反应的分析研究

背景　阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）具有高度异质性，不同临床亚型提示不同的临床特点。本研究团队前期研究发现不同OSA临床亚型在初次持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗上存在显著差异性，但目前国内外缺乏相关研究。目的　使用潜在类别分析探索OSA患者中存在的临床亚型，分析不同临床亚型诊断夜（首次CPAP治疗前）睡眠特征和对首次CPAP治疗反应的差异。方法　回顾性分析了2011年1月-2016年12月在唐都医院睡眠中心进行首次CPAP治疗的491例OSA患者的临床资料。将22种临床症状（入睡困难、多醒、早醒、打鼾、憋气、突然憋醒、梦魇、梦话、尿床、睡眠中肢体抽动、晨起头痛、头昏、焦虑、情绪低落、思维困难、注意力不集中、头脑不清、反应迟钝、工作能力减退、心悸、疲劳乏力、白日嗜睡）纳入潜在类别分析模型。比较不同临床亚型症状分布特点、诊断夜的睡眠特征以及首次CPAP治疗反应的差异性。结果　临床亚型数目为4时，模型拟合最佳，分为类别1 “呼吸中断伴白日嗜睡组”143例（29.1%），类别2 “症状轻微组”189例（38.5%），类别3 “日间功能严重受损组”64例（13.0%）和类别4 “合并失眠组”95例（19.3%）。类别2 “症状轻微组”年龄更小，男性比例更高，而类别4 “合并失眠组”正好相反。不同临床亚型除外憋气症状，其余临床症状占比比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同临床亚型OSA患者诊断夜的睡眠潜伏期（SL）、N1%、N2%、N3%、快速眼动睡眠期占总睡眠时期的比例（REM%）比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同临床亚型OSA患者接受首次CPAP治疗后的总睡眠时间（TST）、睡眠效率（SE）、N1%、N2%、N3%、REM%、入睡后清醒时间（WASO）、氧饱和度下降指数（ODI）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）<90%的时间、最低SpO2（LSpO2）、整夜平均SpO2比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　通过潜在类别分析，可以将OSA的临床症状分为4种临床亚型，且4种临床亚型首次CPAP治疗反应存在统计学差异。这些发现强调了识别一系列OSA临床症状，进行个体化治疗的必要性。     

A Nomogram for Predicting the Likelihood of Obstructive Sleep Apnea to Reduce the Unnecessary Polysomnography Examinations

Background:

The currently available polysomnography (PSG) equipments and operating personnel are facing increasing pressure, such situation may result in the problem that a large number of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients cannot receive timely diagnosis and treatment, we sought to develop a nomogram quantifying the risk of OSA for a better decision of using PSG, based on the clinical syndromes and the demographic and anthropometric characteristics.

Methods:

The nomogram was constructed through an ordinal logistic regression procedure. Predictive accuracy and performance characteristics were assessed with the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics and calibration plots, respectively. Decision curve analyses were applied to assess the net benefit of the nomogram.

Results:

Among the 401 patients, 73 (18.2%) were diagnosed and grouped as the none OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] <5), 67 (16.7%) the mild OSA (5 ≤ AHI < 15), 82 (20.4%) the moderate OSA (15 ≤ AHI < 30), and 179 (44.6%) the severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30). The multivariable analysis suggested the significant factors were duration of disease, smoking status, difficulty of falling asleep, lack of energy, and waist circumference. A nomogram was created for the prediction of OSA using these clinical parameters and was internally validated using bootstrapping method. The discrimination accuracies of the nomogram for any OSA, moderate-severe OSA, and severe OSA were 83.8%, 79.9%, and 80.5%, respectively, which indicated good calibration. Decision curve analysis showed that using nomogram could reduce the unnecessary polysomnography (PSG) by 10% without increasing the false negatives.

Conclusions:

The established clinical nomogram provides high accuracy in predicting the individual risk of OSA. This tool may help physicians better make decisions on PSG arrangement for the patients referred to sleep centers.     

Spirometry and flow-volume curve in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of spirometric abnormalities in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and its clinical utility in diagnosing OSA. METHODS: We conducted an observational study between March 2006 and March 2007 at King Khalid University Hospital on consecutive patients presenting with suspected OSA. Spirometric indices of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced expiratory volume (FVC), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF)75/25, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow (FEF)50, and forced inspiratory flow (FIF)50 were analyzed for 138 patients with OSA. Expiratory and inspiratory flow volume curves were examined for the presence of fluttering of the upper airway (saw-tooth sign) and signs of upper airway obstruction defined as a FEF(50)/FIF(50) >1. Patients with flow-volume curve abnormalities were compared with patients who did not show any abnormalities. RESULTS: Saw-tooth sign was present in 12.3% and the ratio of FEF(50)/FIF(50) >1 was found in 26.1% of OSA patients. Obstructive sleep apnea patients who had these abnormalities did not differ from patients who did not have them with regard to age, body mass index, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), desaturation index and other spirometric indices. The presence of saw-tooth sign and FEF(50)/FIF(50) >1 was not related to the severity of AHI CONCLUSION: Spirometric abnormalities are not common in OSA patients not known to have underlying chronic lung diseases. Saw-tooth sign and FEF(50)/FIF(50) >1 are not useful in predicting OSA.     

Review of sleep studies of patients with chronic insomnia at a sleep disorder unit

INTRODUCTION

Chronic insomnia is associated with many physical and psychiatric illnesses, and its underlying aetiology needs to be identified in order to achieve safe and effective treatment. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) are common primary sleep disorders that can lead to chronic insomnia. Patients with these conditions are evaluated using polysomnography (PSG).

METHODS

The PSG records of 106 patients with chronic insomnia who presented to a multidisciplinary sleep clinic in Singapore over a five-year period were reviewed. To examine the utility of PSG in the evaluation of chronic insomnia, the clinical diagnoses of the patients before and after the sleep studies were compared.

RESULTS

Among the 106 patients, 69 (65.4%) were suspected to have primary sleep disorders based on clinical history and examination alone. Following PSG evaluation, 42.5% and 4.7% of the study population were diagnosed with OSA and PLMD, respectively. OSA was found in 35.9% of the 39 patients who had underlying psychiatric conditions.

CONCLUSION

This study illustrates that many patients with chronic insomnia have underlying primary sleep disorders. It also highlights the danger of attributing chronic insomnia in psychiatric patients to their illness, without giving due consideration to other possible aetiologies. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for the presence of other aetiologies, and make timely and targeted referrals for sleep studies where appropriate.     

Comparative Clinical Study of Two Hypnotic Drugs

The comparative sleep-inducing and sleep-sustaining effects of glutethimide, 0.5 g., and ethchlorvynol, 0.5 g., were studied in 20 patients hospitalized for a considerable time (average: 21 years; minimum nine years and maximum 32 years) and not receiving psychotropic agents. Assessment of sleep and para-sleep parameters (pre-sleep tension; frequency of awakening at night; post-sleep activity) revealed that patients fell asleep faster (P>.001) and slept for a longer time with ethchlorvynol than with glutethimide.     

不同严重程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与睡眠结构的关系

目的: 研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）对各期睡眠的影响,并分析非快速眼动Ⅲ期（N3期）睡眠与呼吸异常事件的关系。方法: 对2019年6月24日至12月26日在浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院睡眠中心接受整夜多导睡眠图监测的188例成年患者进行回顾性分析。OSA患者的严重程度根据呼吸暂停-低通气指数（AHI）进行分类,比较各期睡眠中的多导睡眠图监测各项指标,以及在各期睡眠中的AHI与最低血氧饱和度。结果: 不同严重程度OSA患者的总睡眠时间与睡眠效率相差不大（均P>0.05）。与轻度OSA组比较,中度OSA组和重度OSA组N3期睡眠占比更小（均P < 0.05）;与中度OSA组比较,重度OSA组N3期睡眠占比更小（P < 0.05）。与轻度OSA组比较,中度OSA组和重度OSA组N3期潜伏期更长（均P < 0.05）;与中度OSA组比较,重度OSA组N3期潜伏期更长（P < 0.05）。不同严重程度OSA患者AHI存在差异。与N1、N2、快速眼动期比较,不同严重程度OSA组N3期AHI比N1、N2、快速眼动期更小（均P < 0.01）。仰卧位时,轻度和中度OSA组N3期AHI比N1、N2、快速眼动期更小（均P < 0.01）,重度OSA组的N3期AHI比N2、快速眼动期也更小（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。与N1、N2、快速眼动期比较,不同严重程度OSA患者N3期最低血氧饱和度更高（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。结论: OSA患者的N3期睡眠减少,且患者在N3期呼吸异常事件的发生率更低,提示通过增加OSA患者的N3期睡眠比例可能可以改善OSA。     

睡眠时间及入睡时刻对阴虚体质的影响研究

背景　睡眠对人们的健康至关重要。有研究显示睡眠时间与中医体质相关,但关于睡眠时间、入睡时刻对阴虚体质的影响研究较为缺乏。目的　探讨睡眠时间、入睡时刻对阴虚体质的影响。方法　采用横断面现场调查法,于2015年3月-2016年12月在北京市和河北省石家庄市健康体检人群中施测。采用中医体质量表中的阴虚质亚量表评价受试者阴虚体质程度,根据得分均值将调查对象分为高分组和低分组。睡眠时间和入睡时刻的信息分别由调查员询问“你平均每天睡觉时间是多少”和“你平常几点入睡”进行收集。将睡眠时间分为<6.0 h/d、6.0~6.9 h/d、7.0~7.9 h/d、8.0~8.9 h/d和≥9.0 h/d,入睡时刻分为<23：00、23：00~23：59、≥24：00。采用Logistic回归分析睡眠时间和入睡时刻对阴虚体质的影响。结果　共发放问卷2 170例,回收问卷 2 170例,删除442例,共纳入1 728例,有效回收率为79.6%。1 728例患者阴虚质亚量表得分为（23.5±15.0）分,将得分≥23.5分设为高分组,得分<23.5分为低分组。其中高分组884例,低分组844例。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,以睡眠时间7.0~7.9 h/d为参照,睡眠时间<6.0 h/d〔OR=1.926,95%CI（1.014,3.658）〕、6.0~6.9 h/d〔OR=1.503,95%CI（1.115,2.027）〕、≥9.0 h/d〔OR=1.975,95%CI（1.087,3.589）〕是阴虚体质的危险因素（P<0.05）;以入睡时刻≥24：00为参照,入睡时刻为<23：00〔OR=0.576,95%CI（0.413,0.803）〕和23：00~23：59〔OR=0.579,95%CI（0.438,0.765）〕是阴虚体质的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论　睡眠时间不足或过长,以及凌晨以后入睡均增加阴虚体质风险。     

通体沉香对小鼠催眠和自主活动抑制作用

目的：基于“通体结香技术”所产沉香，评价其不同部位在镇静催眠方面的药效学作用，为今后临床应用及产品开发提供科学依据。方法针对通体沉香的不同提取部位（水提物、醇提物及挥发油），通过协同戊巴比妥钠阈上和阈下催眠实验，观察小鼠入睡率、入睡潜伏期和睡眠时间；通过自主活动实验，观察小鼠运动路程、运动时间、平均速度等指标，评价通体沉香在镇静催眠方面的药理功效，并与市售野生沉香进行比较。结果协同戊巴比妥钠催眠实验结果显示，与空白对照相比，通体沉香醇提物和挥发油均能显著增加入睡率和延长睡眠时间（P＜0.05），挥发油还能显著缩短入睡潜伏期（P＜0.05）；自主活动实验表明，与空白对照相比，醇提物和挥发油均能够显著减少总路程、运动路程和运动时间，降低平均速度（P＜0.05）；而水提物作用不明显（P＞0.05）。结论利用“通体结香技术”所产沉香具有镇静催眠作用，其作用与市售沉香一致甚至优于市售沉香。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的呼吸中枢驱动

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患者呼吸中枢驱动的变异性以及持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对OSA患者呼吸中枢驱动的作用.方法 以13例经多导睡眠图(PSG)检查确诊为中重度OSA的患者(OSA组)和6名健康人(对照组)为研究对象.在PSG监测下记录2组受试者睡前清醒期和睡眠期以及OSA组患者睡眠呼吸事件发生和CPAP治疗时食管膈肌肌电,并分析其变异性.结果 对照组清醒期和睡眠期食管膈肌肌电变异系数分别为15.4%±3.8%和17.3%±5.2%,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).OSA组患者清醒期、睡眠期、睡眠呼吸事件发生和CPAP治疗时食管膈肌肌电变异系数分别为14.7%±1.9%、40.7%±12.0%、29.1%±7.5%和15.4%±4.6%,睡眠期和睡眠呼吸事件发生时均明显高于清醒期(均P＜0.01),而CPAP治疗时与清醒期相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 OSA患者睡眠时呼吸中枢驱动变异性较大,CPAP具有降低呼吸中枢驱动变异性的作用.     

快动眼睡眠期相关阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征人群特征的研究

目的研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者呼吸事件发生与睡眠时相的关系,探索快动眼睡眠期(REM)依赖的OSAHS患者的临床和多导睡眠图特征。方法OSAHS患者417例,行多导睡眠监测,以REM期呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)和非快动眼睡眠期(NREM)AHI的比例表示呼吸事件的REM期主导度。分析患者REM期和NREM期AHI和呼吸事件维持时程的差异以及REM期主导度与睡眠监测参数的相关性;比较REM依赖患者(定义为REM期主导度≥2)与其他患者临床特征的差异。结果患者总体REM期和NREM期AHI比较差异无统计学意义(t=-0.361,P=0.718),呼吸暂停低通气时间指数(AHTI)差异有统计学意义(t=5.784,P=0.000)。229例(55.0%)患者REM期AHI小于NREM期,286例患者(68.6%)REM期AHTI大于NREM期。REM期主导度与AHI显著相关(r=-0.234,P=0.000)。REM依赖的OSAHS患者(67例/16.7%)与其他患者(350例)的AHI(t=10.708),觉醒指数(t=6.070),最低血氧饱和度(t=-5.989),阻塞性呼吸暂停事件比例(t=4.282),颈围(t=2.181)、ESS评分(t=2.772)及体质量指数(t=2.858)差异有统计学意义,而REM睡眠期比例和年龄差异无统计学意义。结论在REM睡眠期多数OSAHS患者存在呼吸事件时程的增长而非单纯的呼吸事件频率的增加。REM睡眠依赖的OSAHS患者AHI相对较低,病情严重度较轻。     

Automated Detection of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Events from a Single-Lead Electrocardiogram Using a Convolutional Neural Network

In this study, we propose a method for the automated detection of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) from a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) using a convolutional neural network (CNN). A CNN model was designed with six optimized convolution layers including activation, pooling, and dropout layers. One-dimensional (1D) convolution, rectified linear units (ReLU), and max pooling were applied to the convolution, activation, and pooling layers, respectively. For training and evaluation of the CNN model, a single-lead ECG dataset was collected from 82 subjects with OSA and was divided into training (including data from 63 patients with 34,281 events) and testing (including data from 19 patients with 8571 events) datasets. Using this CNN model, a precision of 0.99%, a recall of 0.99%, and an F₁-score of 0.99% were attained with the training dataset; these values were all 0.96% when the CNN was applied to the testing dataset. These results show that the proposed CNN model can be used to detect OSA accurately on the basis of a single-lead ECG. Ultimately, this CNN model may be used as a screening tool for those suspected to suffer from OSA.     

NoSAS评分和女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征筛查模型在女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停筛查中的应用

目的 评估NoSAS评分与女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)筛查模型在女性人群中对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的筛查效果,并对两种筛查工具进行比较。方法 收集425例行多导睡眠呼吸监测女性的资料,包括NoSAS评分、女性OSAHS筛查模型的筛查结果。依据呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)将患者分为4组:非OSA组(AHI<5次/h)、OSA组(AHI≥5次/h)、中重度OSA组(AHI>15 /h)和重度OSA组(AHI>30次/h),评估2种筛查工具的筛查效果。结果 在OSA组、中重度OSA组和重度OSA组中,NoSAS评分的灵敏度和特异度分别为57.3%、64.9%、69.5%和83.5%、76.6%、70.9%;女性OSAHS筛查模型的灵敏度和特异度分别为62.7%、74.8%、75.8%和92.5%、84.3%、74.5%;两种工具均有较高的特异度,可有效排除女性人群中的非OSA患者。AHI≥5次/h时,NoSAS评分和女性OSAHS筛查模型的筛查结果与OSA诊断结果均有中、高度一致性,Kappa值分别为0.401、0.541;两种工具的接收者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积分别为0.792(95%CI=0.750~0.829)、0.866(95%CI=0.830~0.897),均有中度筛查价值。不同病情严重程度下,女性OSAHS筛查模型的ROC曲线下面积均大于NoSAS评分(P=0.002,P=0.003,P=0.019)。结论 两种筛查工具对女性人群均有中度筛查价值。与NoSAS评分相比,女性OSAHS筛查模型在女性人群中的筛查效果较好,但灵敏度仍需提高。     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者夜间睡眠呼吸参数的变化及护理对策(英文)

目的：探讨睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ＳＡＳ）患者夜间睡眠呼吸参数的变化及相应护理对策。方法：对１６例ＳＡＳ住院患者在治疗前、睡眠姿势训练、气道持续正压（ＣＰＡＰ）呼吸机治疗三种状态下,进行整夜多导睡眠仪监测。结果：在ＳＡＳ整夜呼吸紊乱中,零点以后其危险因素大大增加,出现严重低氧血症,血压升高,心律失常,尤其是呼吸暂停时间延长,次数增加。而侧卧位可显著地改善低氧血症,最低血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）从（６２±１９）％升高至（８３±１１）％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＣＰＡＰ呼吸机治疗能使呼吸调节障碍得到明显的恢复,呼吸暂停由（４４．３±２２．６）次降至（０．２５±０．５４）次（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：护理上应密切观察病情变化,特别是零点以后应加强巡视,除观察呼吸运动外还应警惕脑血管病及心脏疾病的发生,对不具备ＣＰＡＰ呼吸机治疗条件者宜采取睡眠时督促取侧卧位。对ＳＡＳ患者进行健康教育也是减少危险因素的重要护理措施。     

Obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are diseases with high prevalence and major public health impact. There is evidence that regular snoring and OSA are independently associated with alterations in glucose metabolism. Thus, OSA might be a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Possible causes might be intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, which are typical features of OSA. OSA might also be a reason of ineffective treatment of type 2 diabetes. There is further evidence that the treatment of OSA by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy might correct metabolic abnormalities in glucose metabolism. It is assumed that this depends on therapy compliance to CPAP. On the other hand, there are also hints in the literature that type 2 diabetes per se might induce sleep apnea, especially in patients with autonomic neuropathy. Pathophysiological considerations open up new insights into that problem. Based on the current scientific data, clinicians have to be aware of the relations between the two diseases, both from the sleep medical and the diabetological point of view. The paper summarizes the most important issues concerning the different associations of OSA and type 2 diabetes.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与呼吸调节功能异常

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的发病机制尚不明确,可能与呼吸中枢控制功能异常有关。除少数白天并发肺泡通气不足者外,大部分OSA患者在清醒时的呼吸中枢低氧及高CO_2反应性与正常人无差异。进入睡眠状态后,OSA患者呼吸中枢的敏感性在各睡眠时相均降低,其中枢呼吸驱动在NREM Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期及REM睡眠期减弱,特别是伴白天CO_2潴留者呼吸中枢的反应性几乎消失,经夜间持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗后,部分患者的中枢反应性可逐渐升高,提示这种改变可能继发于长期睡眠呼吸暂停引起的低氧、高CO_2及睡眠紊乱。动物实验还发现,呼吸中枢的化学反应性与遗传有关,基因缺陷可以引起小鼠的呼吸暂停,说明OSA患者中枢反应性低下也受遗传因素的影响。明确呼吸调节功能异常在OSA发生中的重要作用对选择内科治疗方案,特别是无创性机械通气治疗有指导意义。     

下颌前移矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停大白兔对舌下神经影响

目的 通过建立阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)新西兰大白兔动物模型研究OSA及其下颌前移矫治器(mandibular advancement device,MAD)治疗对舌下神经结构及功能影响,为进一步研究舌下神经与OSA精准治疗提供理论基础.方法 18只6月龄雄性新西兰大白...     

Relationship of daytime blood pressure and severity of obstructive sleep apnea among Chinese: a multi-center investigation in China

Background Epidemiologic studies have shown an independent and definite association between obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） and hypertension. This study aimed to define the association between daytime blood pressure and severity of OSA in Chinese population in mainland of China. Methods Twenty university hospital sleep centers in mainland of China were invited by the Chinese Medical Association （CMA） to participate in this epidemiologic study and 2297 consecutive patients （aged 18-85 years; 1981 males and 316 females） referred to these twenty sleep centers for evaluation of OSA between January 2004 and April 2006 were prospectively enrolled. Nocturnal polysomnography was performed in each patient, and disease severity was assessed based on the apnea-hypopnea index （AHI）. These patients were classfied into four groups： non-apneic control （control, n=257） with AHI 〈5 episodes/hour; mild sleep apnea （mild, n=402） with AHI 〉5 and 〈15 episodes/hour; moderate sleep apnea （moderate, n=460） with AHI 〉15 and 〈30 episodes/hour and severe sleep apnea （severe, n=1178） with AHI 〉30 episodes/hour. Daytime blood pressure measurements were performed under standardized conditions in each patient at 10 a.m. in office on the day of referring to sleep centers for getting average value. All the patients were requested to quit medications related to blood pressure for three days before the day of assessing. Results Both daytime systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly related to AHI positively （r = 0.201 and 0.276, respectively; both P values 〈0.001） and to nadir nocturnal oxygen saturation negatively （r = -0.215 and -0.277, respectively; both P values 〈0.001）, which were the parameters of OSA severity. In two special designed mean plots, means of daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased gradually with increasing AHI. Beyond AHI of 61-65, this increasing trend reached a plateau. Conclusions The results showed that OSA severity was associated with daytime blood pressure until AHI of 61-65, providing evidence for early OSA management, especially in OSA patients with concomitant hypertension.     

滋阴敛阳法治疗老年人失眠32例临床观察

目的探讨滋阴敛阳法治疗老年人失眠属阴虚阳亢证的临床疗效.方法采用滋阴敛阳法治疗老年人失眠属阴虚阳亢证者32例,观察治疗前后入睡时间、睡眠质量及睡眠时间的变化.结果治疗后较治疗前入睡时间缩短,睡眠质量改善,平均睡眠时间明显延长(P＜0.01),总有效率为87.5%.结论滋阴敛阳法对老年人失眠属阴虚阳亢证者有较好疗效.