卫勤优化决策支持装备设计

目的：提出卫勤优化决策支持装备设计方案，为提高卫勤指挥能力提供信息化的辅助决策工具。方法：针对卫勤力量部署的复杂决策问题，集成GIS技术、决策支持系统（DSS）技术、计算机硬件技术等技术与方法。结果：设计了卫勤优化决策支持装备，为卫勤指挥人员提供各种卫勤力量部署实施方案。结论：针对卫勤指挥的特点，紧扣提高指挥能力这一核心，为卫勤指挥人员提供装备支持。     

书讯

由第二军医大学卫勤系张鹭鹭教授主编的《卫勤优化决策支持》一书,已由人民军医出版社出版。该书由总后卫生部原部长李建华作序,军事医学科学院陈文亮研究员主审,集成现代卫勤、军队卫生资源配置以及优化决策支持等理论与方法,针对新军事变革对卫勤保障提出的新要求,以实现卫勤指挥与保障的快速决策与系统保障能力提高为出发点,从基础与应用两个角度,对不确定条件下的卫勤优化决策支持进行了系统论述,是当前条件下卫勤指挥训练及理论学习的参考书。可作为军     

卫勤优化决策模拟训练系统研发

目的：通过卫勤优化决策模拟训练系统的研发,提高战役卫勤机关人员的作业技能和决策能力,使其能够胜任现职岗位并满足未来任职的需要,为卫勤模拟训练提供工具支持和方法借鉴。方法：以现代卫勤理论和决策支持理论为基础,应用软件开发技术,在“卫勤优化决策支持系统”的基础上,融入训练、考试的相关功能模块,研发“卫勤优化决策模拟训练系统”,并以之作为开展卫勤模拟训练的工具,在实际教学中进行应用。结果：研发了卫勤优化决策模拟训练系统,为信息化条件下开展卫勤模拟训练提供了工具上的支持。结论：卫勤优化决策模拟训练系统的研发,为传统的卫勤训练引入了信息化工具,改革了训练方式与考核方法,实现了考训结合。     

书讯

由第二军医大学卫勤系张鹭鹭教授主编的《卫勤优化决策支持》一书,已由人民军医出版社出版。该书由总后卫生部原部长李建华作序,军事医学科学院陈文亮研究员主审,集成现代卫勤、军队卫生资源配置以及优化决策支持等理论与方法,针对新军事变革对卫勤保障提出的新要求,以实现卫勤指挥与保障的快速决策与系统保障能力提高为出发点,从基础与应用两     

卫勤决策支持平台功能研究

本文针对建设现代后勤及我军遂行多样化军事任务卫勤保障的现实需求,提出了构建卫勤决策支持平台的现实意义,并对卫勤决策支持平台的功能定位、用途和组成进行了阐述,结合卫勤决策支持平台的特点,分别论述了卫勤决策行为模拟平台、卫勤决策软件技术平台、卫勤决策支持系统平台、卫勤决策支持装备平台和卫勤决策支持硬件平台的基本功能。     

书讯

由全军军队卫生事业管理研究所所长张鹭鹭教授主编的《卫勤优化决策支持》一书,已由人民军医出版社出版。该书由总后卫生部李建华部长作序,军事医学科学院陈文亮研究员主审。该书集成现代卫勤、军队卫生资源配置以及优化决策支持等理论与方法,针对新军事变革对卫勤保障提出的新要求,以实现卫勤指挥与保障的快速决策与系统保障能力提高为出发     

航天员海上应急救治及岸基后方支援医院卫勤保障研究

本文通过对载人航天飞行任务卫勤保障实践,针对航天员海上应急救治卫勤需求,采用后勤指挥、卫生勤务学、流程优化等理论方法,构建航天员海上应急救治及岸基后方支援医院卫勤保障模式,优化卫勤保障流程,为载人航天飞行卫勤保障提供理论与方法支持。     

卫勤指挥作业箱软件系统构建

针对野战救治机构卫勤指挥业务流程、信息流程与软件系统功能结构进行需求分析,构建包括信息管理、卫勤编组、指挥作业、卫生救护、系统管理五大功能模块的卫勤指挥作业箱软件系统,实现了野战救治机构卫勤指挥信息的快速融合、汇总与处理,为“卫勤指挥作业箱”提供软件支持。     

野战救治机构卫勤指挥网络构建

分析野战救治机构卫勤指挥与保障的作业需求和信息需求,构建包括卫勤指挥作业模块与卫勤指挥通讯模块的野战救治机构卫勤指挥网络,实现了野战救治机构卫勤指挥信息的快速融合、汇总与处理,为战术层面卫勤指挥提供信息化装备。     

机动卫勤力量护理人员抽组信息平台的设计与实现

目的 ：设计机动卫勤力量护理人员抽组信息平台,为多样化卫勤保障任务下的护理人员抽组提供快捷、高效的技术手段。方法：该平台基于前后端分离模式进行开发,采用浏览器/服务器（Browser/Server,B/S）架构进行分层设计。其中,展示层采用Vue架构开发,应用服务层采用Springboot框架设计,数据访问层采用MyBatis框架实现数据交互,数据资源层采用MySQL数据库存储和管理数据。整个平台包括综合管理、人员抽组和任务管理3个模块。结果：该平台可以实现多样化卫勤保障任务下的护理人员抽组,而且能缩短抽组用时和保证抽组质量。结论：该平台可以提高卫勤力量护理人员抽组效率,为指挥官指挥决策提供了快捷、高效的信息化辅助决策工具。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.