脑磁图结合颅内电极监测在额叶癫痫手术中的作用

目的探讨额叶癫痫发作间期脑磁图（MEG）与颅内电极视频脑电图（iV-EEG）对致痫灶定位的一致性。方法 2009~2012年手术治疗22例额叶癫痫患者,术前行发作间期MEG检测以及iV-EEG监测定位致痫灶。所有患者术后随访1年以上并运用Engel＇s法评价预后。结果本组术后癫痫无发作率（Engel＇s分级IA级）为45.5%（10/22）,有效率（Engel＇s分级I、II级）为68.2%（15/22）。MEG定位与iV-EEG一致的14例中,术后无发作率为57.1%（8/14）,有效率为85.7%（12/14）;MEG定位与iV-EEG不一致的8例中,术后无发作率为25%（2/8）,有效率为37.5%（3/8）。结论 MEG与iV-EEG监测定位致痫灶范围一致时可作为额叶癫痫患者术后较好的一评价指标。     

额叶癫痫的临床特点及脑电图分析

目的探讨额叶癫痫的临床特点及脑电图改变。方法抽取2011-06—2013-06在我院就诊的60例额叶癫痫患者为研究对象,分析患者的临床特点及脑电图改变情况。结果临床发作次数共148次,每例患者平均发作2.5次,其中100次为睡眠期间发作,48次为清醒期间发作;发作主要表现为全身强直阵挛、发声发作及偏转性强直等。额叶癫痫脑电图主要特点为放电部位以额区为主49例(81.67%),主要发作频率为偶发/阵法54例(90.00%),常见的节律为阵发性棘(尖)波或棘(尖)慢波38例(63.33%)。结论对于额叶癫痫,主要的临床特点为全身强直阵挛、发声发作及偏转性强直,且在夜间发作较为常见,脑电图的主要形式为额区偶发/阵发性棘(尖)波或棘(尖)慢波。     

额叶性癫痫的临床分析

额叶性癫痫的临床分析李露斯，吴盛荣额叶性癫痫是起源于额叶的癫痫综合征。其临床特点是以单纯部分性发作，复杂部分性发作，继发全部性发作以及以上症状的综合［１］。由于表现的多样性，给临床诊断及治疗常带来一定的困难。本文就我科门诊癫痫专病随访病人中确诊的额叶...     

额叶癫癎发作的癫癎灶定位

目的 通过分析40例额叶癫痫发作患者术前定位的临床资料，探讨额叶癫痫发作的癫痫灶综合定位方法。方法 应用临床发作症状评估、MRI／CT扫描、单光子发射计算机体层摄影术(SPECT)检查、长程视频脑电图监测以及颅内电极记录等方法综合定位额叶癫痫患者的癫痫灶。结果 应用非侵袭性检查可以为45．0％的患者进行额叶癫痫灶定位；结合颅内脑电图长程记录，癫痫灶定位率可达90．0％；当影像学检查阴性时，78．9％的患者可以定位癫痫灶。结论 应用临床发作症状学评估、影像学检查、长程视频脑电图监测以及颅内脑电图长程记录相结合的综合定位方法，可以显著提高额叶癫痫发作的癫痫灶定位效果。     

额叶癫痫的手术治疗

目的总结并分析顽固性额叶癫痫患者手术治疗的效果、手术方式和经验。方法回顾性分析2003年3月至2009年4月在我院接受手术治疗的116例顽固性额叶癫痫患者的临床及脑电图特征、手术方式和疗效。结果随访1～6年,平均2.6年。疗效根据Engel的标准进行评定,其中I级（癫痫发作消失）49例（42.2%）;Ⅱ级（癫痫发作频率减少≥90%）36例（31.0%）;Ⅲ级（癫痫发作频率减少≥75%）19例（16.4%）;Ⅳ级（癫痫发作频率减少〈75%或与术前相近）12例（10.3%）。本组总有效（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级）率为89.7%;效果优良（Ⅰ、Ⅱ级）率为73.3%。此外,患者术前所伴有的精神和行为异常在术后多数患者有所改善。术后无严重并发症及手术死亡。结论对于顽固性额叶癫痫,准确定位原发致痫灶并采用合理的手术方式彻底处理痫灶是手术成功的关键。必要时应采用颅内埋藏电极来寻找原发致痫灶。     

额叶癫痫脑电模式分析

目的 探讨额叶癫痫的脑电模式特点.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年4月手术治疗的额叶有确切结构病灶或立体定向脑电图(SEEG)证实额叶起源的51例癫痫的临床资料,51例均行头皮视频脑电图(VEEG)监测,21例行SEEG监测.结果 ①VEEG表现:背景正常29例(56.86％),异常22例(43.14％);间...     

顽固性额叶癫痫的手术治疗

目的 总结与分析顽固性额叶癫痫患者手术治疗的效果和经验。方法 回顾性分析2001年9月到2003年3月在我科接受手术治疗的66例顽固性额叶癫痫病例，统计患者的症状、检查及手术治疗情况，并总结手术体会。结果 手术行额叶癫痫病灶切除 多处软膜下横切(MST)12例。额极切除1例。额叶MST 选择性胼胝体切开 选择性海马杏仁核切除14例，额叶MST 选择性胼胝体切开30例，额叶MST 选择性海马杏仁核切除3例，额叶MST 选择性胼胝体切开 双侧直回内侧切除术2例，单纯MST4例。术后疗效满意49例(74．2％)，显著改善ll例(16．7％)，良好4例(6．1％)，无效2例(3．0％)。结论 顽固性额叶癫痫患者的特点是病情严重，手术效果好。     

75例额叶癫痫的临床特点及发作期发作间期脑电图分析

目的回顾性分析额叶癫痫(FLE)的临床及发作期和发作间期脑电图特点,为临床早期识别和治疗提供依据。方法详细整理75例FLE患者的临床资料,发作期及发作间期脑电图改变和影像学表现,并进行总结分析。结果 (1)临床表现:一种发作类型25例(33%);两种或两种以上发作类型50例(67%);发作时意识清醒者20例(27%);丛集性发作27例(36%);夜间发作36例(48%)。(2)脑电图表现:1发作间期脑电:50例FLE行长程视频脑电监测中异常者47例(94%);2发作期脑电:监测到临床发作22例;3睡眠期痫性放电阳性率高于清醒期(P0.01)。(3)影像学表现:影像学检查异常且病灶位于额叶者36例(54%);非额叶病灶者5例(7.6%);神经影像学未见异常者25例(33%)。结论 FLE临床表现复杂多样,运动症状常见;意识恢复快,多无发作后状态;FLE多于夜间发作,发作时间短暂,呈丛集性发作;FLE脑电图特异性差,长程视频脑电较普通脑电易于检测出痫性放电,睡眠期脑电图阳性率高于清醒期;FLE脑电显示多无侧别提示。     

颅内电极监测的额叶癫痫外科治疗

目的探讨颅内电极监测对额叶癫痫手术治疗的指导作用,总结额叶癫痫手术治疗效果。方法从2007年3月至2012年3月对我科40例额叶癫痫患者,采用颅内电极监测定位致痫灶和功能区,二次手术进行致痫灶处理。术后对患者进行1年到6年随访,对手术疗效进行改良ENGEL分级。结果本组男性25例,女性15例;患者年龄最小为6岁,最大为50岁,平均24．1岁;所有患者均成功行颅内电极植入,其中单侧28例,双侧12例。所有患者均通过颅内电极监测到致痫灶,其中16例致痫灶涉及功能区。对40例患者均行额叶致痫灶切除,并对5例行部分颞叶处理,9例行胼胝体切开,16例致痫灶涉及功能区者行皮层电热灼。电极植入术后,1例患者发生硬膜下血肿,约50ml,进行血肿清除后成功监测并进行致痫灶手术处理,1例致痫灶处理术后发生头皮延迟愈合,经清创术后1月愈合。对术后患者疗效行1年到6年时间随访,按照改良ENGEL分级显示I级23例,占57．5％;Ⅱ级7例,占17．5％;Ⅲ级8例,占20％;Ⅳ级2例,占5％;Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级患者占总体75％,说明手术疗效良好者占比例高。结论颅内电极对额叶癫痫致痫灶和功能区准确定位是额叶癫痫手术治疗取得成功的关键。     

额叶癫癎的致癎灶定位与手术治疗

目的 探讨额叶癫癎的致痴灶定位和手术治疗的策略。方法 分析29例额叶癫癎患者的术前综合定位、术中皮层脑电图监测、术式选择及术后效果的临床资料。结果 影像学检查结合长程视频脑电图监测,可以为12例定位致癎灶;而结合颅内脑电图长程记录,24例可以定位致癎灶,其中包括10例影像学检查阴性的病例。随访1年以上,按照Engel’s效果分级:Ⅰ级13例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级5例。结论 影像学检查、长程视频脑电图监测以及颅内脑电图长程记录和术中皮层脑电图监测相结合的综合定位方法,可以提高额叶癫癎的致癎灶定位效果和手术疗效,其中颅内电极记录尤其有助于定位影像学检查阴性病例的致癎灶。     

额叶癫癎的临床特征和脑电图分析

目的　分析和总结额叶癫的临床特征、脑电图特点及临床意义。方法　对 94例额叶癫患者的临床和脑电图资料进行分析 ,并对 42例患者进行 6个月至 4年的随访观察。结果　 94例患者中 ,无明确病因者 61例 ,有明确病因者 33例 ,头颅外伤、脑炎、肿瘤是最常见的因素。额叶癫临床发作形式复杂多样 ,有局灶性运动发作、不对称强直以及伴过度运动的额叶发作等 ,睡眠中发作多见 ,脑电图也表现为多在睡眠中出现的异常放电。 42例随访的病人 ,30例临床得到很好控制 ,1 2例有难治性趋势。结论　额叶癫是一组临床表现复杂多样具有特征性的综合征 ,正确认识临床特征和脑电图特点是诊断和治疗的关键     

Factors predictive of the outcome of frontal lobe epilepsy surgery

PURPOSE: To identify factors that predict the outcome in seizure control after frontal lobe epilepsy surgery (FLES). FLES is the second most frequent type of epilepsy surgery, but the results are generally not as good as those after anterior temporal lobectomy. METHODS: Our cohort consisted of 68 consecutive patients whose first epilepsy surgery involving the frontal lobe occurred between 1987 and 1994. Clinical history and results of imaging and electroencephalographic studies were reviewed in detail. Excellent outcome was defined as being seizure free or having only nondisabling seizures at last follow up. RESULTS: Forty of the 68 patients (58.8%) had an excellent outcome; none of the patients with a history of childhood febrile seizures had an excellent outcome, whereas outcome was excellent in 63% of those without that history (p 相似文献   

额叶癫痫的诊断—形态与功能定位的对比

本文对２８例额叶癫痫病人的ＥＥＧ，ＣＴ，ＳＰＥＣＴ检查定位结果进行了对比研究，结果显示：８５．７％的病人发作间期和／或发作期ＥＥＧ有额叶定位征象，两者结合可提高定位诊断阳性率及准确率。ＣＴ检查仅４２．９％发现额叶损害，仍是重要辅助诊断手段。     

Widespread cortical thinning in children with frontal lobe epilepsy

Purpose: Spread of seizure activity outside the frontal lobe due to cortico‐cortical connections can result in alteration in the cortex beyond the frontal lobe in children with intractable frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). The aim of this study was to identify regions of reduced cortical thickness in children with intractable FLE. Methods: High‐resolution volumetric T₁‐weighted imaging was performed on 17 children with FLE, who were being evaluated for epilepsy surgery, and 26 age‐matched healthy controls. The cortical thickness of 12 patients with left FLE and 5 patients with right FLE was compared to controls. The clusters of cortical thinning were regressed against age of seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, seizure frequency, and number of medications. Key Findings: In children with left FLE, cortical thinning was present in the left superior frontal, paracentral, precuneus, cingulate, inferior parietal, supramarginal, postcentral, and superior temporal gyri, as well as in the right superior and middle frontal, medial orbitofrontal, supramarginal, postcentral, banks of superior temporal sulcus, and parahippocampal gyri. In children with right FLE, cortical thinning was present in the right precentral, postcentral, transverse temporal, parahippocampal, lingual, and lateral occipital gyri, as well as in the left superior frontal, inferior parietal, postcentral, superior temporal, posterior cingulate, and lingual gyri. In children with left FLE, following exclusion of one outlier, there was no significant association between age at seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, seizure frequency and number of medications with clusters of cortical thinning. In children with right FLE, age at seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, frequency of seizures, and number of medications were not associated with clusters of cortical thinning within the right and left hemispheres. Significance: Cortical changes were present in the frontal and extrafrontal cortex in children with intractable FLE. These changes may be related to spread of seizure activity, large epileptogenic zones involving both frontal and extrafrontal lobes, and development of secondary epileptogenic zones that over time lead to cortical abnormality. Further studies correlating cortical changes with neurocognitive measures are needed to determine if the cortical changes relate to cognitive function.     

Cardiac asystole during right frontal lobe seizures: a case report

Abstract The association between partial seizures and cardiac asystole has rarely been reported in the literature. This potentially life-threatening symptom has been observed principally in left-sided epilepsies, in particular during seizures originating in temporal lobe. We describe a case with ictal bradycardia followed by cardiac asystole during right frontal lobe seizures. Video-EEG monitoring recorded two partial seizures with electro-clinical findings suggestive of a right frontal lobe origin, associated with ictal bradycardia followed by prolonged asystole. The brain MRI showed a lesion located in the cingulate gyrus of the right frontal lobe. The patient required a subsequent placement of a pacemaker. In conclusion, cardiac asystole may be a potentially life-threatening symptom during seizures of frontal lobe origin. The right fronto-mesial structures may play a role in autonomic regulation of cardiovascular responses.     

Intractable occipital lobe epilepsy: Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment

Intractable occipital lobe epilepsy remains a surgical challenge. Clinical characteristics of 14 patients were analyzed. Twelve patients had surgery, seven patients had visual auras (50%) and only eight patients (57%) had posterior scalp EEG changes. Ictal single‐proton emission computed tomography (SPECT) incorrectly localized in 7 of 10 patients. Six patients (50%) had Engel’s class I outcome. Patients with inferior occipital seizure onset appeared to fare better (three of four class I) than patients with lateral or medial occipital seizure onset (three of eight class I). Patients who had all three occipital surfaces covered with electrodes had a better outcome (four of five class I) than patients who had limited electroencephalography (EEG) coverage (two of seven class I). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions did not guarantee a seizure free outcome. In conclusion, visual auras, scalp EEG, and imaging findings are not reliable for correct identification of occipital onset. Occipital seizure onset can be easily missed in nonlesional epilepsy. Comprehensive intracranial EEG coverage of all three occipital surfaces leads to better outcomes.