Influence of the timing of surgery on mortality and activity of hip fracture in elderly patients

Background

Existing reports describe the decline of the mortality rate by conducting surgery for hip fractures within 24 h; however, the theory is still controversial. We have compared the perioperative mortality rate, improvement of mobility, and duration of hospital stay for early surgery (within 24 h) and delayed surgery (beyond 24 h) between two groups.

Methods

We studied 536 cases of proximal femoral fracture in patients >60 years who were treated between September 2003 and December 2006. There were 91 men and 445 women, who had a total of 257 femoral neck fractures and 279 trochanteric fractures. In all, 270 patients were operated on within 24 h after injury and were defined as the early group; 266 patients were treated surgically more than 24 hours after injury and were defined as the delayed group. Based on admission laboratory tests, co-morbidity, dementia, preoperative mobility, and residential environment before injury, we compared the duration of hospital stay, mobility at discharge, and mortality rates between the early group and the delayed group.

Results

There was no significant difference in duration of hospital stay between the two groups. Improvement of mobility was 52% in the early group and 41% in the delayed group, with the difference being significant (P < 0.05). Inpatient mortality rate was 5.6% in the early group and 2.6% in the delayed group, but the difference was not significant. In the early group, men with co-morbidity, dementia, and abnormal laboratory values upon admission showed a significantly higher mortality rate.

Conclusions

Early surgery was useful for improving mobility, but it showed a higher mortality rate in patients with a compromised somatic condition at the time of the injury. For independent patients with a stabilized somatic condition, surgery should be performed within 24 h. For unstable cases, we believe it is better to provide early surgery after stabilizing the patient’s condition to the greatest possible extent.     

老年髋部骨折的手术时机选择与预后分析

目的探讨手术时机选择对老年髋部骨折预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年12月期间解放军总医院第七医学中心骨科收治的814例老年髋部骨折患者资料。男272例,女542例;年龄为60~99岁,平均79.9岁;根据美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级将患者分为全身状态好(ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,403例)和全身状态较差(ASA分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,411例)两类,每类患者根据是否在入院后48 h内手术再分为2组:早期手术组和晚期手术组。分别比较早期手术组与晚期手术组患者的住院时间、并发症发生率、术后30 d和1年死亡率、术后1年日常生活活动(ADL)评分等。结果在全身状态好的患者中,两组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。早期手术组患者术后30 d死亡率[0%(0/94)]、术后1年死亡率[5.3%(5/94)]显著低于晚期手术组患者[4.2%(13/309)、14.2%(44/309)],住院时间[(9.6±5.2)d]显著短于晚期手术组患者[(12.3±5.9)d]、术后1年ADL评分[75(70,85)分]显著高于晚期手术组患者[70(60,80)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在全身状态较差的患者中,两组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。早期手术组患者住院期间并发症发生率[42.2%(35/83)]显著高于晚期手术组患者[30.5%(100/328)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而两组患者术后30 d和1年死亡率、住院时间及术后1年ADL评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于老年髋部骨折,若患者身体状态好,可尽快实施手术;若患者一般状况差,不能一味强调早期手术,需评估身体状态后再选择合适的手术时机。     

老年人髋部骨折的手术治疗策略探讨

目的探讨老年人髋部骨折手术治疗策略、临床应用方法及疗效。方法手术治疗248例老年髋部骨折患者,其中人工髋关节置换治疗114例,内固定治疗134例,按照末次随访患肢髋关节Harris评分及X线片评估疗效。结果 226例获得随访,时间5-76（36.8±14.6）个月。术中无死亡。关节置换者术后有4例脱位,经手法复位皮牵引固定未再脱位;1例术后4年髋臼松动重新置换。内固定治疗者骨折均愈合,无内置物松动、断裂、骨不连发生,并发髋内翻28例,其中螺钉切破股骨头4例,取出内固定行关节置换术后功能恢复。末次随访时226例患肢髋关节Harris评分为72-96（87.7±7.9）分,其中优111例,良84例,可22例,差9例,优良率为86.3%。结论老年髋部骨折患者积极正确的手术治疗可促进早期活动,减少并发症和病死率,提高生活质量。     

服用氯吡格雷的老年髋部骨折患者尽早手术的安全性研究

目的:探讨服用氯吡格雷的老年髋部骨折患者尽早手术的安全性。方法:回顾性分析2016年11月至2017年4月期间北京积水潭医院创伤骨科连续收治的242例老年髋部骨折患者资料。将服用氯吡格雷且停药4 d以内手术患者纳入研究组,共20例,年龄中位数为80（77,81）岁;男6例,女14例。手术方式：股骨颈骨折空心钉固定2例,...     

老年髋部骨折患者快速康复方案的临床实施

目的评价老年髋部骨折患者快速康复方案的实施效果。方法将110例老年髋部骨折患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各55例。对照组按照老年髋部骨折护理规范实施护理,观察组在常规护理基础上,实施快速康复方案。结果观察组术前等待时间、住院时间显著短于对照组,患者满意度显著高于对照组,且出院后6个月髋关节评分显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论对老年髋部骨折患者实施快速康复方案,能够减少术前等待时间和平均住院日,提高患者满意度,有利于患者髋关节功能恢复,是一种有效的的实践模式。     

基于生命帮助计划的多学科协作干预预防老年髋部骨折术后谵

目的降低老年脆性髋部骨折患者术后谵妄发生率。方法将187例老年脆性髋部骨折患者按时间段分为对照组95例,观察组92例。对照组实施常规围术期护理;观察组实施基于生命帮助计划的多学科综合干预,包括成立由骨科、老年科、内科、麻醉科、康复科、药剂科、营养科及护理8个专业的多学科团队,制定和实施全程镇痛与早期活动、抗骨质疏松二级预防、强化一般措施等干预方案。结果观察组谵妄及相关并发症(压疮、肺部感染、下肢静脉血栓)发生率显著低于对照组,住院时间显著短于对照组,护理满意度显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论基于生命帮助计划的多学科干预可有效降低患者术后谵妄及相关并发症发生率,缩短住院时间,从而提高患者满意度。     

乌司他丁对老年患者髋部骨折术后谵妄的影响

目的评价围术期静脉输注乌司他丁对老年患者髋部骨折术后谵妄(POD)的影响。方法选择择期行髋部骨折手术的老年患者96例,男38例,女58例,年龄70~93岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组:乌司他丁组(U组)和对照组(C组),每组48例。麻醉方式均采用腰-硬联合麻醉+髂筋膜间隙阻滞。U组于切皮前、术后第1天和第2天静脉泵入乌司他丁5 000U/kg;C组给予等容积生理盐水。术后1~3d采用意识错乱评估法(CAM)评定POD的发生情况。分别于麻醉前(T0)、术毕(T_1)和术后第3天(T2)采集外周静脉血5ml,采用ELISA法检测血清IL-6和S100β的水平。结果 C组POD发生13例(28.2%),U组POD发生2例(4.3%),U组POD发生率明显低于C组(P0.05);与T0时比较,T_1、T_2时C组血清IL-6和IL-10水平明显升高(P0.05);T_1、T_2时U组血清IL-6水平明显低于C组(P0.05)。与T_0时比较,T_1时C组S100β水平明显升高(P0.05);T_1时U组血清S100β水平明显低于C组(P0.05)。结论乌司他丁降低老年髋部骨折患者POD发生率,机制可能与抑制血清促炎症因子IL-6和S100β的过度释放相关。     

老年髋部骨折手术时机选择与术后疗效分析

目的 探讨老年髋部骨折患者手术时机选择对术后疗效的影响.方法 选择2006年7月至2008年6月手术治疗的髋部骨折患者267例,入组后根据手术时机将患者分为早期手术组(入院2 d内手术)和晚期手术组(入院2 d后手术),详细记录患者的并存症、手术细节、术后并发症等.观察两组患者住院期间并发症发生率和死亡率、住院时间、出院时功能恢复情况、术后6和12个月的死亡率以及功能恢复情况.结果 符合入选标准116例,早期手术组45例,晚期手术组71例.两组性别、年龄、并存症等一般情况差异无统计学意义,术中麻醉方式、出血量、固定方式两组亦无统计学意义.早期手术组住院时间、住院期间肺部并发症发生率较晚期手术组明显减少;住院期间、术后6、12个月死亡率和晚期手术组相比差异不统计学意义;出院时、术后6个月日常生活能力评分(the activities of daily living,ADL)较晚期手术组高,差异有统计学意义.术后12个月晚期手术组ADL评分和早期手术相似,差异无统计学意义.结论 在排除自身情况差异后,术后早期(出院时、术后6个月)早期手术患者独立生活能力较晚期手术者恢复好,但从远期来看(术后12个月)二者差异无统计学意义.早期手术者和晚期手术者死亡率的差异无统计学意义.     

老年髋部骨折手术时机选择与术后疗效分析

目的 探讨老年髋部骨折患者手术时机选择对术后疗效的影响.方法 选择2006年7月至2008年6月手术治疗的髋部骨折患者267例,入组后根据手术时机将患者分为早期手术组(入院2 d内手术)和晚期手术组(入院2 d后手术),详细记录患者的并存症、手术细节、术后并发症等.观察两组患者住院期间并发症发生率和死亡率、住院时间、出院时功能恢复情况、术后6和12个月的死亡率以及功能恢复情况.结果 符合入选标准116例,早期手术组45例,晚期手术组71例.两组性别、年龄、并存症等一般情况差异无统计学意义,术中麻醉方式、出血量、固定方式两组亦无统计学意义.早期手术组住院时间、住院期间肺部并发症发生率较晚期手术组明显减少;住院期间、术后6、12个月死亡率和晚期手术组相比差异不统计学意义;出院时、术后6个月日常生活能力评分(the activities of daily living,ADL)较晚期手术组高,差异有统计学意义.术后12个月晚期手术组ADL评分和早期手术相似,差异无统计学意义.结论 在排除自身情况差异后,术后早期(出院时、术后6个月)早期手术患者独立生活能力较晚期手术者恢复好,但从远期来看(术后12个月)二者差异无统计学意义.早期手术者和晚期手术者死亡率的差异无统计学意义.     

Early surgery after hip para-articular femoral fracture. Results of a prospective study of surgical timing in 161 elderly patients

In a prospective analysis the question should be answered, wether the mortality rate of femur fractures close to the hip joint can be diminished by operating as early as possible. 161 patients elder than 65 years could be included in the study. 86% of the 161 patients were operated upon 24 hours after trauma. The infection rate amounted to 3.4% after endoprothesis and to 1.2% after osteosynthesis. The hospital mortality was 7.4%. More than 85% of the patients could be discharged into the usual domestic surroundings. The rate of systemic complications (25.3%) was similar to the rate reported by the Chamber of Physicians with 26.1%. The hospital length of stay could not be diminished by this concept. By operating as early as possible the patients' request for mobility is fulfilled without running unjustifiable risks regarding mortality and postoperative complications. The mortality rate corresponds to the literature.     

Paramedian technique of spinal anesthesia in elderly patients for hip fracture surgery

The objective of this study was to observe the success rate, difficulties and complications during the technique of spinal anesthesia through para median approach in elderly frail patients with spinal abnormalities, for femur fracture surgery. Case series study was performed at Pakistan Naval Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from August 2002 to July 2003, after approval from Scientific Research Council of the Hospital and consent of the patients. Forty elderly patients with spinal abnormalities, ASA II, age 88+/- 8 years, weight 68.5+/-3.5 kg, declared high-risk for anesthesia, scheduled for femur fracture surgery under spinal anesthesia, were selected for study after failure of lumbar puncture (LP) through midline approach at L3-4 or L4-5 level. First routine LP was performed, if failed, then second LP through para median approach was attempted. The success rate of the para median approach was 100%. In 4 patients (10%) there was bloody tap and LP was done after selecting another space or re-adjusting the needle in the same space. Forty percent patients felt paraesthesia during the advancement of spinal needle into the sub-arachnoid space. In conclusion, in the elderly frail patients with spinal deformity, declared high-risk for general anesthesia and where lumbar puncture through midline approach fails due to spinal abnormalities, para median route is an alternate safe approach with success rate of 100%.     

家庭访视指导对髋关节置换术后老年患者院外康复的作用

目的 探讨家庭访视对人工髋关节置换术后老年患者院外康复的影响.方法 将46例行髋关节置换的老年患者随机分为观察组和对照组各23例.时照组住院期间接受常规护理,观察组在此基础上增加3个月的家庭访视指导(每2周访视1次).结果 两组术后3个月Harris髋关节评分、康复知识掌握情况比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).结论 家庭访视指导可促进患者肢体功能恢复,提高其生活质量.     

综合护理干预预防老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄

目的探讨综合护理干预对老年髋部骨折术后谵妄的预防效果。方法将186例髋部骨折手术老年患者分为对照组94例、观察组92例。对照组行常规护理;观察组实施针对性综合护理干预措施,包括心理干预、疼痛管理、氧疗、视听觉及谵妄前兆的观察、睡眠管理,渐进式功能锻炼。结果观察组谵妄发生率及住院时间显著低于/短于对照组,患者满意率显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论对老年髋部骨折手术患者实施针对性综合护理干预能有效降低术后谵妄发生率,缩短住院时间,从而提高患者满意度。     

老年患者髋部骨折修复术后谵妄的危险因素

目的 探讨老年患者髋部骨折术后谵妄(POD)的危险因素。方法 选择2022年1月至6月择期在蛛网膜下腔阻滞联合髂筋膜阻滞麻醉下行髋部骨折修复术的患者110例,男41例,女69例,年龄65～85岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。麻醉诱导前留取静脉血3～5 ml,采用ELISA法测定血清胰岛素(INS)浓度,采用全自动生化分析仪测定空腹血糖(Glu)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)浓度,依据胰岛素稳态模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。蛛网膜下腔阻滞穿刺成功后抽取脑脊液(CSF)2～3 ml,测定CSF INS、β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)42、总tau蛋白(t-tau)和磷酸化tau蛋白(p-tau)。根据术后1～5 d内是否发生POD,将患者分为两组：谵妄组和非谵妄组。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析POD的影响因素,根据多因素Logistic回归分析结果建立预测模型,计算联合预测因子。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)和95%可信区间(CI)以评估诊断价值。结果 本研究有41例(37.3%)患者发生POD。多...     

氢气吸入对老年患者髋部骨折术后谵妄的影响

目的探讨高浓度氢气(67%)吸入对老年患者髋部骨折术后谵妄(POD)的影响。方法选择在椎管内麻醉下行髋部骨折手术的老年患者80例,年龄≥70岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组:氢气吸入组(H组)和对照组(C组),每组40例。H组患者在麻醉前和手术结束后即刻分别给予含67%氢气和33%氧气的混合气体吸入60 min,C组患者给予33%氧气吸入。于氢气吸入前、吸入30min和吸入60min测定患者动脉血气。于氢气吸入前(T1)、术后即刻(T2)、术后3h(T3)和术后6h(T4)采集患者动脉血,测定白细胞介素-6(IL-6)浓度和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。采用意识错乱评估法(CAM)评定术后7dPOD的发生情况。结果与T1时比较,T3和T4时两组患者IL-6浓度明显升高,SOD活性明显减弱(P0.05);与C组比较,T2-T4时H组患者IL-6浓度明显降低,SOD活性明显增强(P0.05)。C组患者POD发生12例(30%),明显多于H组的3例(7.5%)(P0.05)。两组血气分析差异无统计学意义。结论氢氧2∶1吸入明显降低老年患者髋部骨折POD的发生率,其机制可能与调控炎症反应和氧化应激反应有关。     

影响老年髋部骨折患者术后1年死亡率的因素分析

[目的]回顾性分析影响老年髋部骨折患者术后1年死亡率的危险因素。[方法]2010年1月²012年1月,130例年龄>70岁的髋部骨折患者,全部采用人工全髋关节置换术或人工股骨头置换术治疗。分析的因素包括患者的性别、年龄、受伤至入院时间、受伤至手术时间、合并症数目、ASA分级、入院血清白蛋白含量、入院淋巴细胞计数、入院血红蛋白含量以及输血量。手术后随访1年,或者随访至患者死亡。有效随访92例,男28例,女64例。生存率的单因素分析采用Fisher精确检验,多因素分析采用多因素Cox比例风险模型。[结果]92例患者,随访1年内死亡8例,存活84例,院内死亡2例。单因素分析患者术后1年死亡的危险因素包括受伤至入院时间>5 d,ASA分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,入院血清白蛋白含量<3.5 g/dl,入院血红蛋白含量<120 g/L以及输血量>1 000 ml;86岁以上患者的死亡率(20.0%)高于702012年1月,130例年龄>70岁的髋部骨折患者,全部采用人工全髋关节置换术或人工股骨头置换术治疗。分析的因素包括患者的性别、年龄、受伤至入院时间、受伤至手术时间、合并症数目、ASA分级、入院血清白蛋白含量、入院淋巴细胞计数、入院血红蛋白含量以及输血量。手术后随访1年,或者随访至患者死亡。有效随访92例,男28例,女64例。生存率的单因素分析采用Fisher精确检验,多因素分析采用多因素Cox比例风险模型。[结果]92例患者,随访1年内死亡8例,存活84例,院内死亡2例。单因素分析患者术后1年死亡的危险因素包括受伤至入院时间>5 d,ASA分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,入院血清白蛋白含量<3.5 g/dl,入院血红蛋白含量<120 g/L以及输血量>1 000 ml;86岁以上患者的死亡率(20.0%)高于70⁸5岁患者(5.6%),受伤至手术时间>7 d的患者死亡率(15.8%)高于<7 d的患者(3.0%),但无统计学意义(分别为P=0.065和P=0.061)。多因素分析显示,ASA分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级和入院血清白蛋白减低是老年髋部骨折患者死亡的独立危险因素。[结论]ASA分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级和入院血清白蛋白减低是老年髋部骨折患者术后1年死亡的独立危险因素。     

老年髋部骨折患者术后2年内再发对侧髋部骨折的危险因素研究

目的:探讨老年髋部骨折患者术后2年内再发对侧髋部骨折的相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2015年5月至2018年4月期间北京积水潭医院创伤骨科采用手术治疗的1 962例老年髋部骨折患者资料。男573例,女1 389例;首次骨折时的年龄中位数为81（75,86）岁。根据术后2年内是否发生对侧髋部骨折分为两组：对侧髋部骨折组...     

Risk factors for contra-lateral hip fracture in elderly patients with previous hip fracture

Introduction

Contra-lateral hip fractures in elderly patients with a previous hip fracture increase the incidence of complications and socioeconomic burden. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of contra-lateral hip fracture in elderly patients.

Materials and methods

Among 1093 patients treated for a hip fracture, 47 patients sustained a contra-lateral hip fracture. These patients were compared with 141 patients with a unilateral hip fracture (controls).

Results

The incidence of contra-lateral hip fracture was 4.3% among the 1093 patients treated for a hip fracture at our institute. A contra-lateral hip fracture occurred within 2 years of initial fracture in 66%, and subsequently, the annual incidence rate decreased. A similar fracture pattern was noted in 70% of patients who sustained an intertrochanteric fracture. In terms of preoperative factors, respiratory disease (OR 2.57, P = 0.032) and visual impairment (OR 2.51, P = 0.012) were higher in patients with a contra-lateral hip fracture than in controls, and for postoperative factors, the proportions of patients with postoperative delirium (OR 2.91, P = 0.022), late onset of rehabilitation (OR 1.05, P = 0.023), and poor ambulatory status at 3 months (OR 1.34, P = 0.002) were also significantly higher in patients than in controls.

Conclusions

Postoperative delirium and underlying visual impairment and respiratory disease could be risk factors of contra-lateral fracture in elderly patients. Early and active rehabilitation after surgery is important to prevent the occurrence of contra-lateral hip fracture in the elderly.     

Quality of life after hip fracture surgery in the elderly

As the world population ages, the prevalence of osteoporosis and the incidence of hip fractures will increase dramatically, being responsible for an increase of the health expenditure. On the other hand, there is the inescapable fact of scarcity creating the necessity of making difficult choices with regard to the allocation of human resources. So the question remains: should we carry on investing an important part of our health expenditure for the treatment of hip fractures in elderly people? To answer this statement, we compared 384 hip fracture patients of 70 years and older treated in our department between 1978 and 1983 with 1102 patients treated between 1998 and 2003. Both groups had a prospective follow-up of at least one year. There were no statistically significant differences: mortality rate 24% vs. 23%; good functional outcome 82% vs. 73%; and home going rate 60% vs. 66%. The factors influencing these results were studied. So we can conclude: The number of hip fractures treated nowadays has increased compared with twenty years ago; There is no significant improvement in mortality, nor in quality of life; Age is not a contraindication for hip fracture surgery.