Comparison of serum C-reactive protein concentrations for laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy

In an attempt to quantify the difference in tissue damage between open cholecystectomy (OC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), we have compared in a prospective manner the pre- and postoperative concentrations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in 17 patients undergoing LC and 13 patients undergoing OC. In addition, we measured the pre- and postoperative white blood cell counts (WBC), the postoperative body temperature, and the postoperative duration of hospitalization. There were no differences in the preoperative serum CRP concentrations—5.9±2.62 mg/l (mean±SD) for the LC group and 6.12±2.38 mg/l for the OC group.Serum CRP rose markedly following OC compared to that of patients who underwent LC (128.6±45.1 mg/l vs 26.8±10.5 mg/l) (P<0.001). There were also significant differences in the postoperative WBC count (14,000±2,900 cells for the OC group vs 10,600±3,000 cells for the LC group), the postoperative body temperature (37.5±0.3°C vs 37.0±0.3°C), and the postoperative hospital stay (5.5±1.5 days vs 1.9±0.9 days). There was no correlation between serum CRP concentrations and the other postoperative parameters.These results provide us with biochemical evidence supporting the clinical observation that LC is far less traumatic to the patient than OC.     

颊针在老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的效果

目的 探讨颊针在老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中的应用效果.方法 选择择期行LC的老年患者97例,男55例,女42例,年龄65～74岁,BMI 20～30 kg/m2,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级.采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:对照组(n=48)和颊针组(n=49).麻醉诱导前,颊针组给予颊针疗法,一直带针,每隔5 min行针一...     

氟比洛酚酯超前镇痛对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 观察氟比洛酚酯超前镇痛对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛效果的影响。方法 选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者60例,随机均分为氟比洛酚酯超前镇痛组（A组）、氯诺昔康超前镇痛组（B组）和氟比洛酚酯术后镇痛组（C组）。A组于气管插管前静注氟比洛酚酯50mg;B组于气管插管前静注氯诺昔康8mg;C组于手术结束时静注氟比洛酚酯50mg。用视觉模拟评分（VAS）评定术后0、1、4、8和12h的疼痛程度及术后24h总体镇痛评价。记录患者追加镇痛药和出现不良反应的情况。结果 除12h外术后VAS各时点C组均高于A、B组,术后0hVASB组显著高于A组（P〈0．05）;术后24h总体VASC组高于A、B组（P〈0．05）,A与B组差异无统计意义。三组均未见明显不良反应。结论 氟比洛酚酯超前镇痛应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛,效果确切、使用方便、不良反应小。     

右美托咪定用于预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的效果

目的观察右美托咪定预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的效果。方法选择择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者70例,男17例,女53例,年龄20~65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为两组:右美托咪定组(R组)和地塞米松组(D组),每组35例。R组于麻醉诱导前静脉注射右美托咪定,背景剂量为0.5μg/kg,10min内注射完毕,后以0.5μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)维持输注。D组给予地塞米松8mg静脉注射。观察患者入室(T_1)、插管前(T_2)、插管后5min(T_3)、手术开始后5 min(T_4)、手术开始后30min(T_5)、缝皮时(T_6)、拔管后5min(T_7)的血压和心率。记录术中七氟醚的吸入浓度、停七氟醚至拔管的时间、手术时间及麻醉时间。观察患者8、24、48h内有无发生恶心呕吐。结果两组患者术后8、24、48h的恶心发生率和呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义。T2~T7时R组HR明显低于D组(P0.05),两组间MAP差异无统计学意义。结论与静脉注射地塞米松8mg比较,静脉注射右美托咪定负荷量0.5μg/kg(10min),维持量0.5μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),对减少腹腔镜胆囊术后恶心呕吐的发生有相同的效果。     

右美托咪定复合帕瑞昔布钠对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后疼痛的影响

目的观察右美托咪定复合帕瑞昔布钠对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后疼痛的影响。方法择期腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者45例,随机均分为三组:右美托咪定复合帕瑞昔布钠组(DP组)、帕瑞昔布钠组(P组)和对照组(C组)。术前30min DP组静注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg和帕瑞昔布钠20mg;P组静注帕瑞昔布钠40mg;C组静注5ml生理盐水。监测并记录入室时、插管即刻、气腹5min、气腹30min、拔管即刻的MAP和HR,记录丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量、苏醒时间、拔管时间、恶心、呕吐发生率和患者满意度。并记录术后2h(T1)、6h(T2)、12h(T3)、24h(T4)静态、动态(剧烈咳嗽或突然翻身时)疼痛数字等级评分(numerical rating scale,NRS)和Ramsay镇静评分。结果入室时、插管即刻、气腹5min、气腹30min、拔管即刻时三组患者MAP、HR差异无统计学意义。三组患者丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量、苏醒时间和拔管时间差异均无统计学意义。与C组比较,T1~T3时DP组和P组静态NRS评分明显降低(P0.05);T1~T4时DP组和T1、T2时P组动态NRS评分明显降低(P0.05)。与DP组比较,T1、T2时P组和C组Ramsay镇静评分明显降低(P0.05)。DP组2例需用阿托品,1例需用麻黄碱;P组1例需用阿托品,1例患者麻黄碱;C组2例NRS评分≥7分,肌注盐酸布桂嗪100mg后NRS评分≤5分,1例需用阿托品,2例需用麻黄碱。与DP组比较,P组和C组满意度明显降低(P0.05)。三组患者恶心、呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义。结论术前30min静注帕瑞昔布钠20mg复合0.5μg/kg右美托咪定减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术后急性疼痛,效果优于单用帕瑞昔布钠。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期股静脉血流动力学的变化

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)围手术期股静脉血流动力学的变化及其意义。方法通过彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对28例手术前后4个不同的时期(BL、PP、PP&RT、PO)的股静脉横截面积、流速及流量等指标进行测定。结果①与术前麻醉状态(BASELINE)相比,单纯给予气腹(PP)后,股静脉横截面积由(0.72±0.31)cm2增至(1.08±0.31)cm2(P=0.004),流速由(14.23±11.96)cm/s降至(5.50±2.63)cm/s(P=0.017),流量由(596.49±477.95)ml/min降至(340.41±166.14)ml/min(P=0.018);与PP期相比较,气腹及头高脚低位(PP&RT)时,股静脉横截面积增大[(1.32±0.14)cm2,P=0.039]、流速降低[(4.40±1.75)cm/s,P=0.034)],流量则未明显降低[(346.69±142.66)ml/min,P=0.067]与BASELINE期相比,手术后(PO)股静脉横截面积恢复至术前状态[(0.86±0.15)cm2,P=0.222],股静脉流速[(11.35±8.02)cm/s,P=0.412]、流量[(566.94±348.55)ml/min,P=0.840]也基本得以恢复。②脉冲多普勒的检测结果显示,21例可见股静脉内的血流停滞,其中15例出现反流现象。结论LC术中由于气腹和头高脚低位体位(reversetrendelenburgposition,RT)的双重作用,股静脉内血流缓慢,甚至会出现短暂的血流停滞、反流等现象。     

超声引导下椎板阻滞在腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者围手术期镇痛中的应用

目的观察超声引导下椎板阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者围手术期镇痛的安全性和有效性。 方法选取2019年6月至2020年6月民航总医院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者60例,按随机数字法将患者分为椎板阻滞组和对照组,每组30例。椎板阻滞组在麻醉诱导前行超声引导下椎板阻滞,对照组直接行麻醉诱导,两组患者的麻醉诱导和术中麻醉管理相同。比较两组入室、气腹前、气腹后10 min、术毕、术后2 h的平均动脉压（MAP）和心率（HR）,手术时间及术中镇痛药用量,术后2、6、24 h的视觉模拟评分（VAS）,术后24 h内镇痛药用量、使用者比例和恶心呕吐发生率的差异。 结果两组患者入室、气腹前、气腹后10 min、术毕、术后2 h的MAP、HR、手术时间、术中舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼用量的差异均无统计学意义。与对照组相比,椎板阻滞组患者术后2、6 h的VAS评分降低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后24 h VAS评分的差异无统计学意义。与对照组比较,椎板阻滞组术后镇痛药地佐辛用量和使用者所占比例明显减少,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者术后恶心呕吐发生率的差异无统计学意义。 结论超声引导下椎板阻滞不影响腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术中血流动力学变化,但能有效缓解术后6 h内的疼痛。     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对比分析

我院于1994年8月～1996年6月完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)70例,为了客观地评价LC的优越性及不足之处,本文随机将1993年7月～     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with droperidol in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Purpose. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is relatively high when no prophylactic antiemetic is given. We have studied the efficacy of a commonly used and well-established antiemetic, droperidol, for the prevention of PONV in patients undergoing LC. Methods. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 patients received placebo (saline) or droperidol 50 μg·kg⁻¹ (maximum dose, 2.5 mg) intravenously immediately before the induction of anesthesia (n = 30 of each). A standard general anesthetic technique was employed throughout. Results. A complete response, defined as no PONV and no need for another rescue antiemetic medication during the first 24 h after anesthesia, was 57% and 83% in patients who had received placebo and droperidol 50 μg·kg⁻¹, respectively (P < 0.05). No clinically serious adverse events were observed in any of the groups. Conclusion. Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with droperidol 50 μg·kg⁻¹ (maximum dose, 2.5 mg) is highly effective for preventing PONV after LC. Received for publication on August 3, 1998; accepted on February 23, 1999     

T-tube placement during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Summary The management of common bile duct stones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy can pose a challenge to the surgeon as no definitive management plan is universally accepted at this time. We present a case where a common bile duct exploration was performed through a choledochotomy, describing how the t-tube was placed.The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense     

腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术的临床应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术的可行性,总结困难型腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验,尤其是腹腔镜胆囊次全切除理念在困难型腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的体现及应用。方法回顾分析我院2008年1月至2013年10月所行腹腔镜胆囊次全切除病例,并以2011年5月为时间节点分为 A 组（节点前时段）、B 组（节点后时段）,分别比较前后两组的（胆囊切除实行专病专治）,手术时间、术后住院时间、术中出血量。结果 B 组手术时间（78.1±6.6）min 少于 A 组（97.5±7.3）min,B 组术后住院时间（3.5±0.4）d 少于 A 组（5.6±0.5）d,出血量 B 组（68.9±7.2）ml 多于 A 组（56.7±7.7）ml。差异均有统计学意义。结论腹腔镜胆囊次全切除应成为腹腔镜术者的常规理念;熟练掌握腹腔镜技术、积累一定经验后,腹腔镜胆囊次全切除可作为常规手术操作应用于临床。     

Two-port versus four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: Two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been reported to be safe and feasible. However, whether it offers any additional advantages remains controversial. This study reports a randomized trial that compared the clinical outcomes of two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus conventional four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: One hundred and twenty consecutive patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to receive either the two-port or the four-port technique. All patients were blinded to the type of operation they underwent. Four surgical tapes were applied to standard four-port sites in both groups at the end of the operation. All dressings were kept intact until the first follow-up 1 week after surgery. Postoperative pain at the four sites was assessed on the first day after surgery using a 10-cm unscaled visual analog scale (VAS). Other outcome measures included analgesia requirements, length and difficulty of the operation, postoperative stay, and patient satisfaction score on surgery and scars. Results: Demographic data were comparable for both groups. Patients in the two-port group had shorter mean operative time (54.6 ± 24.7 min vs 66.9 ± 33.1 min for the four-post group; p = 0.03) and less pain at individual subcostal port sites [mean score using 10-cm unscaled VAS: 1.5 vs 2.8 (p = 0.01) at the midsubcostal port site and 1.3 vs 2.3 (p = 0.02) at the lateral subcostal port site]. Overall pain score, analgesia requirements, hospital stay, and patient satisfaction score on surgery and scars were similar between the two groups. Conclusion: Two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in less individual port-site pain and similar clinical outcomes but fewer surgical scars compared to four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thus, it can be recommended as a routine procedure in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Paper presented at the Fifth World Congress of the International Hepato-pancreato-biliary Association, Tokyo, Japan, April 2002     

Telerobotic-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy: our experience on 29 patients

Background/Purpose The role of computer-assisted surgery (CAS) is still debated and not clearly defined.Methods The authors report their initial experience with CAS, comparing 29 patients submitted to cholecystectomy, using a Zeus remote-controlled robot and an Aesop remote voice-activated endoscope robot, with 29 patients submitted to standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The surgical field and the arms of the robot were under the direct and real-time control of the surgeon, who stayed at the workstation and maneuvered the Zeus, using joysticks. The workstation was in the same room as the patient.Results Twenty-nine patients underwent telerobotic-assisted cholecystectomy (TLAC); 1 procedure was converted to standard LC and 1 to open cholecystectomy. The conversions were due to choledocholithiasis and cholecystitis. During TLAC, the mean operating time and transition time (from the induction of anesthesia to incision of the skin) were, respectively, 75min (range, 60–170min) and 45min (range, 25–60min). We did not observe any complications related to TLAC. The limitations of TLAC were the lack of tactile feedback, the increase in surgical time, and the expensive cost of the procedure to reach the same result as that of LC.Conclusions After this initial experience, we believe that TLAC could be considered only for training in CAS, but that it is without advantages in terms of its higher cost compared with LC.     

The use of ERCP in the management of common bile duct stones in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Summary The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications and results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for gallstone disease since the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In our personal series of 410 consecutive cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, we found 17 common bile duct (CBD) stones; seven were identified by preop ERCP, nine at laparoscopy by intraoperative cholangiography, and one postop by ERCP. We have performed preop ERCP in 21 patients (5.1%); CBD stones were found in seven. Our indications for preop ERCP were elevated liver function tests, dilatation of the common duct by ultrasound, or a history of jaundice/pancreatitis, and all stones were successfully removed by endoscopic sphincterotomy. At laparoscopic cholecystectomy nine patients were found to have stones; one was treated with laparoscopic methods, four with open CBD exploration, and four by postop endoscopic sphincterotomy. Post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy, five patients underwent ERCP for pain or increased liver function tests suggestive of common duct stones. One of the five was found to have stones and these were successfully removed by endoscopic sphincterotomy. ERCP is very useful as a diagnostic and therapeutic modality in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients with suspected CBD stones. Elevated liver function tests and dilated CBD by ultrasound are the most accurate predictors of stones. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is a more effective route, at present, for stone removal than a laparoscopic approach.     

老年患者急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹式胆囊切除术的疗效比较

【摘要】〓目的〓比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)与开腹式胆囊切除术(OC)治疗老年患者急性胆囊炎的安全性和有效性。方法〓选择从2007年1月至2012年12月收治的年龄超过70岁急性胆囊炎患者76例,分别采用LC(34例)与OC(42例)治疗。观察两组的手术时间、术中失血、术后住院时间和术后并发症。结果〓两组患者手术均顺利完成胆囊切除术,且LC组无中转开腹的病例。LC组的手术时间为95.2±19.7 min,OC组的手术时间为86.8±21.2 min,两者差异无统计学意义;LC组术中失血>500 mL的有2例(5.9%),OC组术中失血>500 mL的有8例(19.0%)(P<0.05);LC组的术后住院时间明显少于OC组(P<0.01)。总共有24例患者在术后出现了并发症(31.6%),其中LC组的术后并发症明显少于OC组(P<0.05)。结论〓急性胆囊炎老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗能缩短术后住院时间和减少术后并发症发生率。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术对肝功能影响的比较研究

目的 对腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）与开腹胆囊切除术（OC）手术前后肝功能的临床资料进行对比研究，旨在观察术后肝功能变化规律及两种术式对肝功能的影响有无差异，并为今后手术病例及术式选择提供依据。方法 选择胆囊良性病变且肝功能正常需行胆囊切除术者作为研究对象。将30例病人分为LC组和OC组，并分别按开放法或腹腔镜方法实施胆囊切除术。术前、术后第1、3、7天，分别取空腹外周静脉血测定肝功能指标，包括ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL、GGT、ALB、ALP。结果 两组病人年龄构成及术前肝功能无显著差异，LC与OC术后各项指标变化趋势相同。LC与OC术后血清ALT、AST、TBIL均较术前升高；上述指标术后第3天即明显下降，至术后第7天达正常水平，且所有病人术后顺利恢复。LC与OC术后血清ALB均有下降，血清DBIL、GGT、ALP均无显著变化。结论 本研究结果表明：（1）LC与OC对肝功能均有影响，但仅为一过性现象，不影响病人恢复；（2）在全麻下，腹腔内气腹压力为12～15mmHg时，LC对肝功能的影响与OC相比无显著性差异，说明在此情况下施行LC是安全的。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术转开腹手术的危险因素分析

目的研究多个临床因素对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)转开腹手术的影响。方法对浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院1994年4月至2001年6月的7134例LC的临床资料进行单因素分析,再进行多元逻辑回归分析(逐步排除法),得出影响LC转开腹手术的独立的危险因素。结果男性、高龄(≥65岁)、上腹部手术史、糖尿病、总胆红素升高(≥20.5μmol/L)、胆囊壁增厚(≥4mm)、胆总管直径增宽(≥8mm)、急性胆囊炎是转开腹手术的危险因素。结论可以根据转开腹手术的危险因素指导临床工作。     

Gastroduodenoscopy: a routine examination of 2,800 patients before laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background Unrecognized gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer is a common cause of epigastric pains for patients with cholelithiasis qualified for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Undiagnosed gastric or duodenal ulcer may be the cause of persistent pains after cholecystectomy. The purpose of the study was to assess the value of a routine preoperative panendoscopy for qualifying patients to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods The study enrolled 2,800 patients treated for cholelithiasis from May 1993 to December 2002. Endoscopic examination was performed for all treated patients 1 to 4 days before their operations. Results Preoperative endoscopy showed pathologic changes in the stomach or duodenum in 1,187 (42%) of 2,800 patients qualified for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gastric ulcer was found in 179 patients (6.4%) duodenal ulcer in 127 patients (4.5%), gastritis in 735 patients (26.3%), polyps in 143 patients (5.1%), and cancer in 3 patients (0.1%). The surgery was postponed for patients with ulcer, and antiulcer treatment was started. In 16 patients, the symptoms associated with cholelithiasis subsided after healing of the ulcer. Cholelithiasis in these patients was asymptomatic, and a cholecystectomy was not performed. Conclusions Panendoscopy should be a routine examination performed for each patient qualified to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. For some patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis, pain in fact is caused by peptic ulcer.     

Interleukin-6 and granulocytic elastase levels following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels have been shown to correlate well with the magnitude of surgical stress. Serum IL-6 and plasma granulocytic elastase levels, 24 h after surgery, were determined in 12 patients who underwent open major surgery [MS group; esophageal carcinoma (n=5), gastric carcinoma (n=3), colorectal carcinoma (n=4) 5 patients who had open cholecystectomy [OC group] and 17 patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy [LC group]. IL-6 levels correlated significantly with the duration of surgery (r=0.685,P < 0.01) and with intraoperative blood loss (r=0.583,P < 0.02). However, there was no significant correlation between granulocytic elastase and the duration of surgery or blood loss. Plasma IL-6 levels in the LC group (21±3 pg/ml) were significantly lower than those in the OC group (47±5 pg/ml) and the MS group (186±36pg/ml) (P<0.05;P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in granulocytic elastase levels between the LC group (318±8g/l), the OC group (360±130 gmg/ml), and the MS group (701±344 g/l). Increased IL-6 levels correlated well with increased duration of surgery. The lower IL-6 levels following laparoscopic cholecystectomy may therefore be indicative of lower surgical stress associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

探讨中老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效

目的：探讨中老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效。方法：将2005年1月-2011年12月接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术的468例中老年患者纳入本研究。患者被分成2组：≥70岁（A组）,〈70岁组（B组）。A组又分为3组,年龄在70～74岁为A1组、75～79岁为A2组,980岁为A3组。组间比较采用Mann—WhitneyU和X2检验。结果：ASA评分随年龄的增加而增加（P〈O．001）。手术时间超过1h的患者中≥70岁的有20例,≤69岁的有120例,2组患者的PaC0：和pH值无显著差异（P〉O．05）。≥80岁患者的急性胆囊炎、中转开腹手术及术后并发症的发生率显著高于其他组的患者（P〈O．05）。结论：对于老年患者的腹腔镜手术是安全可行的,不会增加手术风险。对≥80岁患者进行认真筛选,并由经验丰富、技术力量强的团队进行操作,这将有助于减少手术并发症的发生率。