血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A与急性冠状动脉综合征的临床相关性

目的 :探讨血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白 A(PAPP A)与急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS)的关系。方法 :经冠状动脉造影 (CAG)确诊的冠心病患者 6 1例 ,其中ACS患者 4 6例 ,包括急性心肌梗死 (AMI) 16例 ,不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP) 30例 ;稳定型心绞痛 (SAP) 15例 ;另设CAG排除冠心病患者 2 4例作为正常对照组。运用酶联免疫吸附法测定各组血清PAPP A浓度。结果 :ACS患者组、SAP组、正常对照组血清PAPP A浓度分别为 (2 1.10±6 .95 )、(15 .2 1± 3.87)、(15 .5 0± 3.18)mIU/L ;此外 ,ACS组内AMI和UAP者血清PAPP A浓度分别为 (2 4 .79± 7.88)、(19.13± 5 .6 0 )mIU/L。SAP组与AMI及UAP者之间PAPP A浓度差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1和P<0 .0 5 ) ,SAP组与正常对照组之间差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;AMI与UAP者之间差异有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 5 )。血清PAPP A水平与C反应蛋白、白细胞之间呈明显的正相关。与总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血小板计数之间无明显相关性。结论 :ACS患者血清PAPP A浓度明显升高 ,与冠状动脉斑块的稳定性密切相关 ,提示其有助于冠心病的危险分型 ,可作为冠心病患者的临床监测指标之一     

急性冠状动脉综合症患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α变化的临床意义

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清中浓度变化及其意义。方法选取40例ACS患者,其中不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者19例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者21例。60例非ACS患者,其中稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者21例,陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)患者19例。冠状动脉造影正常者20例为正常对照组,采用放射免疫法测定上述病例的血清TNF-α浓度。结果SAP、UAP、AMI、OMI患者血清TNF-α浓度均显著高于正常对照组。ACS组血清TNF-α水平显著高于非ACS组;AMI组血清TNF-α水平显著高于UAP组;SAP组与OMI组血清TNF-α水平无显著性差异;SAP与UAP患者冠状动脉狭窄程度比较无显著性差异。结论TNF-α参与冠心病的形成,并且在ACS的发病中起重要作用。检测血清TNF-α浓度将有助于诊断和预测ACS的发生、发展和预后。     

稳定型心绞痛及急性冠脉综合征患者脑钠肽浓度的变化和意义

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病稳定型心绞痛(SAP)及急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)浓度的变化及其临床意义。方法采用荧光免疫抗原抗体结合方法测定22例冠脉造影正常、心功能正常者,15例SAP患者及64例ACS患者静脉血BNP浓度。结果ACS组血浆BNP浓度(397.57±472.12)高于SAP组(38.39±36.50)及对照组(22.15±19.90)(P<0.005,P<0.005);心梗(AMI)亚组BNP浓度(460.55±518.90)高于不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)亚组(208.62±203.18)(P<0.01)。SAP组和对照组BNP浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ACS患者血浆BNP浓度明显升高,心梗较不稳定型心绞痛患者变化更为明显,说明心肌缺血是BNP释放的重要刺激因素。     

急性冠脉综合征与血管性血友病因子裂解酶的关系

目的 观察急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆血管性血友病因子裂解酶(vWF-cp)水平变化及临床意义.方法 ACS分不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组和急性心肌梗死(AMI)组,其中UAP 17例,AMI 17例,分别于急性期(入院后即刻)和恢复期(4周)采血;稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组17例和健康对照组17例,入院次日空腹采血.所有入选对象均行冠状动脉造影证实.应用残余胶原结合力试验测定血浆vWF-cp活性水平.结果 ①UAP组[(53.17±11.72)%]和AMI组[(46.47±11.81)%]急性期血浆vWF-cp活性水平均低于SAP组[(77.00±10.42)%],(P＜0.01)和正常对照组[(80.79±17.25)%],(P＜0.01),而UAP组和AMI组之间比较、SAP组和正常对照组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).②UAP组(53.17±11.72)%]和AMI组[(46.47±11.81)%]vWF-cp活性水平急性期低于恢复期[UAP组(79.58±7.588)%;AMI组(81.41±6.851)%],(P＜0.01).结论 血浆vWF-cp活性降低在ACS血栓形成中可能起重要作用.     

ACS患者血浆MMP-9及hs-CRP水平与冠状动脉病变的相关性

目的:探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者外周血浆基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与冠脉病变的相关性。方法:选择ACS患者60例,其中急性心肌梗死(AMI)30例(AMI组),不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)30例(UAP组);另选同期住院的稳定型心绞痛(SAP)30例(SAP组)及非冠心病患者30例(对照组);采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法分别测定各组患者外周血浆MMP-9及hs-CRP水平,并与冠状动脉造影Gensini积分行相关性分析。结果:各组血浆MMP-9与hs-CRP水平均差异有统计学意义,其中AMI组>UAP组>SAP组>对照组(均P<0.05);与对照组比较,AMI组、UAP组及SAP组Gensini评分均增大(均P<0.05);血浆MMP-9水平与hs-CRP水平呈显著正相关性(r=0.881,P<0.05),血浆MMP-9水平与Gensini评分之间无相关性(r=0.392,P>0.05)。结论:急性ACS患者血浆MMP-9和hs-CRP水平可以预测冠状动脉病变的稳定性,但不能预测病变程度。     

妊娠相关蛋白-A与冠状动脉斑块形态关系的临床研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者妊娠相关蛋白-A(PAPP-A)与冠状动脉斑块形态的关系及斑块的稳定性.方法 42例冠心病患者分为急性心肌梗死(AMI)组12例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组15例,稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组15例,均行冠状动脉造影(CAG)确诊,16例CAG结果正常者为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定其PAPP-A水平,分析与冠状动脉斑块形态的关系.结果 PAPP-A在AMI组、UAP组、SAP组和对照组中浓度分别为(16.85±10.30)mIU/L、(15.24±10.51)mIU/L、(8.51±3.10)mIU/L和(8.35±2.01)mIU/L;在AMI和UAP组PAPP-A水平明显高于SAP和对照组(P＜0.01),但在AMI组与UAP组、SAP和对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PAPP-A在Ⅱ型斑块组明显高于Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型斑块组(P＜0.01),Ⅱ型斑块在AMI组、UAP组中的发生率明显高于SAP组(P＜0.01).结论 PAPP-A参与动脉硬化粥样斑块的发生发展过程,可作为预测斑块稳定性的标志物.Ⅱ型斑块易破裂.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者外周血单个核细胞TLR4和TNF-α的变化及其临床意义

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)和血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)浓度的变化及其与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性,并探讨其临床意义。方法根据临床表现、心电图及冠状动脉造影结果等综合诊断选择ACS患者60例、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者20例、对照者20例为研究对象。其中ACS患者包括急性心肌梗死(AMI)30例和不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)30例,其冠状动脉病变程度根据Gensini积分进行评估;对照者为同期行冠状动脉造影检查排除冠心病者。采用流式细胞术检测各组外周血TLR4表达水平,同时采用ELISA检测血清TNF-α浓度。结果 ACS患者外周血TLR4表达水平和血清TNF-α浓度显著高于对照组和SAP组(P0.01),而TLR4表达水平在AMI组与UAP组之间、SAP组与对照组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。ACS患者经PCI治疗后外周血TLR4表达水平和血清TNF-α浓度较术前明显下降(P0.05);ACS患者外周血TLR4表达水平和血清TNF-α浓度与冠状动脉病变Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.715,P0.01;r=0.333,P0.01)。结论 ACS患者外周血TLR4表达水平显著升高,炎症因子TNF-α的分泌增加,提示二者共同参与ACS的进展过程,并存在一定的相关性;外周血TLR4和TNF-α与冠状动脉病变程度密切相关,经PCI治疗后二者的表达明显降低,提示心肌灌注治疗可能改善冠状动脉的炎症反应。     

血清C-反应蛋白、可溶性CD40配体、基质金属蛋白酶-2水平与冠心病的相关性

目的:观察不同类型冠心病(CHD)患者血清中C-反应蛋白(CRP)、可溶性细胞分化抗原40配体(sCD40L)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)水平的变化情况,探讨炎性指标与冠状动脉狭窄程度之间的关系及与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)间的关系。方法:选取CHD患者65例,包括稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组21例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组22例、急性心肌梗死(AMI)组22例。按Gensini评分法评定其冠状动脉狭窄程度。另16例冠状动脉造影正常者列为对照组。结果:UAP组和AMI组的血清CRP水平均均明显高于SAP组和对照组(均P<0.01),SAP组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),AMI组较UAP组明显增高(P<0.01);血清sCD40L水平在对照组、SAP组、UAP组、AMI组逐渐增高,其中AMI组和UAP组较SAP组和对照组的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),而在AMI组和UAP组之间以及SAP组和对照组之间,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血清MMP-2水平在对照组、SAP组、UAP组、AMI组逐渐升高,且各组间均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。这3个指标与冠状动脉狭窄程度间无相关性(P>0.05)。多元Logistic逐步回归分析显示CRP的风险比值(OR)为1.452,P<0.05;sCD40L的OR值为1.071,P>0.05;MMP-2的OR值为1.152,P<0.05。结论:血清CRP、sCD40L、MMP-2水平能反映CHD的严重程度,并可间接反映冠状动脉斑块的稳定性。CRP、MMP-2可能是ACS发生发展的重要危险因子。     

不同类型冠心病患者血清C-反应蛋白与白细胞介素-6比较

目的从临床角度结合冠状动脉造影结果分析不同类型冠心病(CHD)患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)浓度差异,探讨炎症反应及冠状动脉狭窄程度在CHD发生发展中的作用以及两者的相互关系.方法检测13例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者(AMI组)、40例不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP组)、32例稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP组)以及62例正常者(对照组)血清CRP、IL-6浓度,并结合冠状动脉狭窄程度分析不同类型CHD患者血清CRP和IL-6浓度差异,对血清CRP、IL-6及冠状动脉病变积分进行相关分析.结果CHD组患者血清CRP、IL-6显著高于对照组[(5.08±2.44)∶(2.32±1.23) mg/L、(15.51±3.54)∶(11.56±3.28) ng/L],均P<0.01.AMI组与UAP组间血清CRP、IL-6比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05),但均显著高于SAP组(P<0.05),SAP组血清CRP、IL-6均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).血清CRP与IL-6显著性相关(r=0.55,P<0.01).血清CRP、IL-6分别与冠状动脉病变积分显著性相关,相关系数分别为0.57和0.43,均P<0.01.结论不同类型CHD患者炎症反应水平不同,冠状动脉病变越广泛,血清CRP、IL-6水平增高越多,血清CRP、IL-6增高可能是CHD的重要危险因素.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清胶原降解成分的变化及其意义

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清胶原降解产物水平与斑块稳定性的关系。方法ACS患者63例[其中急性心肌梗死(AMI)29例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)34例]、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者38例及正常人20例。采用放射免疫法检测血清Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原羧基末端终肽(ⅠCTP、ⅢCTP)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)、层粘连蛋白(LN)。结果ACS组患者的血清ⅠCTP、ⅢCTP、ⅣC、LN浓度明显高于SAP组及正常组(P<0.001),其中AMI组较UAP组更高,但无显著差异。结论ACS患者的血清胶原降解产物明显升高,可以作为判断斑块不稳定性的生化标记物之一。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.