分区性颈淋巴结清扫术在治疗甲状腺癌颈淋巴结转移中的应用

目的 探讨分区性颈清术在治疗甲状腺癌颈淋巴结转移中的价值。方法 选择35例甲状腺癌颈淋巴结转移患者实施分区性颈淋巴结清扫术，同时选择实施传统清扫术的相同诊断的患者38例做对照组，对实施两种不同手术后的患者的生存率、复发情况、生存质量进行3年随访观察。结果 两组患者术后3年生存率无明显差别，而分区性清扫术后患者的生存质量明显优于行传统颈清扫术的患者。结论 应用分区性颈淋巴结清扫术可以在很大程度上取代传统的颈淋巴结清扫术，达到与传统手术相同的临床效果，同时又能最大限度地减少手术创伤，提高生存质量。     

化疗加局部清扫术治疗颈淋巴结结核的观察

颈淋巴结结核是最常见的肺外结核，但由于治疗方法不规范，导致大多数患者在强大化疗结束时，肿大淋巴结仍无明显缩小。泸州医学院附属医院采用全身化疗加局部病灶清扫术，取得理想疗效，现报道如下。     

原发性颈淋巴结结核的治疗体会及Elispot技术的诊断价值

目的 探讨原发性颈淋巴结结核的各种治疗方法的优缺点及评价酶联免疫斑点(Elispot)检测外周血中结核分枝杆菌性抗原特异性γ一干扰素水平在颈淋巴结结核中的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析89例原发性颈淋巴结结核患者的临床资料,30例(A组)采用内科治疗(化疗l～1.5年),28例(B组)行肿块全部切除加区域性颈淋巴结清扫术,16例(C组)行淋巴结结核病灶切除术,15例(D组)行病灶切开刮除、开放引流术,所有手术患者术后均化疗1年.用Elispot技术对患者外周血中产生结核菌抗原特异性γ一干扰素的水平进行定量检测,同时检测患者的结核抗体.结果 A组中22例肿块继续增大并增多(73.3%),其中9例形成脓肿破溃;B组无一例复发;C组5例复发(31.3%);D组3例形成结核性窦道,4例再发淋巴结肿块(46.7%);保守治疗和手术治疗复发率比较有明显统计学差异(χ2=9.69,P<0.01),保守治疗复发率明显升高;三种手术方式复发率比较也有明显统计学差异(χ2=14.47,P<0.01),此4组患者手术愈合时间有统计学差异(F=104.44,P<0.01),B组患者手术愈合时间最短.复发率最低;Elispot、结核抗体检测患者的阳性率分别是87.6%、62.9%(χ2=14.61,P<0.01).结论 原发性颈淋巴结结核的治疗应以手术为主, 手术治疗能缩短治疗时间,减少药物用量及不良反应,能明显提高治愈率.降低复发率,而手术方式首选肿块伞部切除加区域性颈淋巴结清扫术;Elispot技术优于结核抗体,可用于颈淋巴结结核的辅助诊断.     

根治性颈淋巴结清扫术并发症的治疗与预防

１９８０年１月～１９９８年１０月,我院共行根治性颈淋巴结清扫术２３８例,其中４４例出现术中术后并发症。现报告如下。１　临床资料４４例并发症患者中,男３１例,女１３例;年龄１４～７１岁,平均４６８岁。原发肿瘤为：下颌牙龈癌１５例,舌癌１４例,颊癌５例,口底癌４例,软腭癌３例,唇癌、腮腺癌、颌下腺癌各１例。其中行联合根治性颈淋巴结清扫术２４例,６例行联合性颈淋巴结清扫术＋对侧舌骨上淋巴结清扫术,１４例行单纯性颈淋巴结清扫术。结果：围手术期死亡２例（４５４％）,切口感染２８例（６３６３％）,乳糜…     

颈淋巴结结核外科治疗护理体会

颈淋巴结结核大多由口、咽、喉部，胸腔、气管、肺部等原发结核病灶内的结核杆菌沿淋巴管到达颈淋巴结，引起颈淋巴结结核。感染初期仅单纯淋巴结肿大，当出现淋巴结周围炎时，则出现疼痛和压痛，炎症蔓延至多个淋巴结往往融合成块，液化坏死形成冷脓肿，溃破易形成溃疡、瘘管^[1]。颈淋巴结结核经联合化疗（2HRZE／7HRE）后绝大部分肿大的颈淋巴结能逐渐缩小、消失，但对脓肿型和溃疡瘘管型则疗效欠佳。我院外科自1995年7月～2006年5月共收治23例颈淋巴结结核脓肿型和溃疡瘘管型，予以手术治疗结合化疗。     

局部注射药物治疗颈淋巴结结核疗效

目的 探讨局部注药治疗颈淋巴结核的疗效。方法 把颈淋巴结结核63例随机分两组，在用2HRZK／7HR方案的同时，给实验组30例肿大淋巴结内注入1NH Amikacin；对照组33例不作局部肿大淋巴结注药。结果 实验组2周内10例肿大淋巴结缩小，2个月强化治疗后缩小占80％。3个月时缩小占90％。经论 颈淋巴结结核局部注药治疗优于保守治疗。     

微小乳头状甲状腺癌行颈淋巴结清扫术的必要性探讨

目的探讨微小乳头状甲状腺癌手术行颈部淋巴结清扫术的必要性。方法分析1999年5月～2009年10月收治的微小乳头状甲状腺癌手术患者的临床病理资料。分为单发灶组(42例)和多发灶组(27例),均行中央组(Ⅵ区)、同侧或双侧颈深组(Ⅲ+Ⅳ区)淋巴结清扫术。结果Ⅵ区淋巴结转移发生率单发灶组与多灶组分别为2例(4.8%)与7例(25.9%),Ⅲ+Ⅳ区淋巴结转移发生率单发灶组与多发灶组分别为0例(0)与3例(11.1%)。两组Ⅵ,Ⅲ+Ⅳ区淋巴结转移率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后4例发生一过性低钙血症,3例短暂性喉返神经麻痹,1例淋巴瘘,1例多灶组术后7个月复发,1例单灶组术后42个月复发。无1例死亡病例。结论多发灶性的微小癌应积极施行淋巴结清扫;单发灶性微小癌可在定期随诊观察下暂不行预防性的颈淋巴结清扫术,既不会影响患者的生存率又能提高生存质量。     

23例颈淋巴结结核的外科诊治

目的 探讨颈淋巴结结核脓肿型和溃疡瘘管型的诊治方法。方法 回顾性分析我院外科1995年至2006年收治的23例颈淋巴结结核脓肿型和溃疡瘘管型的临床资料。结果 15例脓肿型的颈淋巴结予以摘除,8例溃疡瘘管型,经瘘管切除、淋巴结摘除后残腔反复冲洗并作部分带蒂胸锁乳突肌填充。残腔常规链霉素置药,过敏者改用利福平。术后予以抗生素结合化疗治疗,23例均1期愈合,7天拆线。出院后继续联合化疗（2HRZE／7HRE）9个月,随访无1例复发。结论 对颈淋巴结结核脓肿型和溃疡瘘管型采用外科手术治疗结合化疗可缩短病程,促进愈合。     

133例颈淋巴结结核的疗效观察

颈部淋巴结结核临床最为多见，由于受累淋巴结深浅不一，多有反复感染，治疗效果不佳。我所自1994年10月至1999年1月用内服外用的方法治疗颈淋巴结结核133例，均取得较满意疗效．现报告如下：     

颈淋巴结结核与颈淋巴结病变的彩超诊断

有关应用彩色超声波检查颈部淋巴结肿大的报道已有许多,对病变性质的诊断也有过报道,但其鉴别诊断的准确性差异较大,特别对颈淋巴结结核的诊断特异性、差异性更大。本文通过回顾分析2007年1月至2011年10月960例颈淋巴结肿大病例,探讨彩色超声诊断颈淋巴结结核的应用。     

Cervical lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancer: Preoperative staging with ultrasound and/or computed tomography

Preoperative screening of potential risk of lymph node metastasis is necessary for thyroidectomy plus lymph node dissection. The 2015 American thyroid association management guidelines do not recommend prophylactic cervical lymph node resection without clinical evidence of metastasis. Ultrasound is recommended imaging method and routine computed tomography is not recommended by the 2015 American thyroid association management guidelines for screening of lymph node metastasis. The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasound against that of computed tomography for screening cervical lymph node metastasis of patients with papillary thyroid cancer before thyroidectomy plus lymph node dissection.Data regarding preoperative neck ultrasound, neck computed tomography, and physical examination of the head and neck and postoperative pathological results of a total of 185 patients (age > 18 years) with a diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer who had suspicious lymph nodes on preoperative imaging and treated by thyroidectomy plus lymph node dissection for the therapeutic purpose were collected and analyzed.Sensitivity (78.09% vs 75.28%, P < .0001) and accuracy (77.29% vs 75.13%, P = .0004) of neck computed tomography scanning to detect cervical lymph node metastasis were higher than those of neck ultrasound scanning. Sensitivity, accuracy, positive clinical utility, and negative clinical utility for neck ultrasound scanning plus neck computed tomography scanning to detect cervical lymph node metastasis were higher among all index tests (P < .05 for all) and were statistically the same as those of surgical pathology (P > .05 for all). The working areas for decision-making of thyroidectomy plus lymph node dissection of the physical examination, neck ultrasound, the neck computed tomography, and the neck ultrasound scanning plus the neck computed tomography scanning were 0 to 0.691 diagnostic confidence/lesion, 0 to 0.961 diagnostic confidence/lesion, 0 to 0.944 diagnostic confidence/lesion, and 0 to 0.981 diagnostic confidence/lesion, respectively.Besides the neck ultrasound, the neck computed tomography scanning can be used as a complementary imaging method to detect cervical lymph node metastasis of patients with papillary thyroid cancer before thyroidectomy plus lymph node dissection.Level of evidence: III.Technical efficacy stage: 2.     

Reflections on three field lymphadenectomy in carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: One of the most controversial questions in the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is the extent of lymph node dissection, in particular the value of the cervical lymph node dissection (the so-called third field). METHODOLOGY: This study reflects a single institution's experience with this extensive lymphadenectomy, the technique of which is described in detail. RESULTS: Adding the third field to the lymph node dissection markedly improved accuracy of staging. Unforeseen involvement of lymph nodes in the neck was found in 30%. In T3N+ tumors of the GEJ, as much as 16.6% of positive lymph nodes were detected in the neck. Locoregional recurrence without distant metastasis was found in 6 patients (17.8%) out of a group of 37 patients with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. All 6 patients had stage IV disease because of distant lymph node metastasis (M+Ly). In 3 of these patients, locoregional recurrence occurred only after 3 years or more. In a subsequent series of 100 esophagectomies performed between 1992 and July 1993 no difference in outcome between radical versus standard resection was noticed for early stage I and II. However, there is a tendency towards a better estimated 5-year survival in favor of radical dissections (21%) versus standard resection (12%) in stage III and IV. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive three field lymphadenectomy can be safely performed without increasing hospital mortality (0%) and morbidity. Improved accuracy of staging, prolonged disease-free survival and potential increased cure rate are confirmed by our experience. Survival obtained with this technique has to be compared with survival obtained by other, multimodality treatment forms.     

Omentoplasty for cervical esophagogastrostomy following radical esophagectomy with three-field dissection

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Anastomotic leakage is the main cause of postoperative mortality and incidence of which, following three-field lymph node dissection, is around 30%. The study was undertaken to investigate the role of omentoplasty to reinforce cervical esophagogastrostomy with the expectation of lowering the rate of anastomotic leakage after radical esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection. METHODOLOGY: Between July 1995 and Dec 1997, a total of 32 patients underwent total thoracic esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection and cervical esophagogastrostomy. Eleven patients were stage IIA, 3 stage IIB, 5 stage III and 13 stage IV. After radical esophagectomy and lymph node dissection, several omental branches of the gastroepiploic vessels remained to supply a gastric tube. An end-to-side cervical esophagogastrostomy was performed on the posterior wall of the gastric tube using a circular stapler. The omentoplasty--wrapping the esophagogastrostomy--was performed. A retrosternal route for reconstruction was used in 23 patients and a posterior mediastinal route in 9 patients. RESULTS: Esophageal anastomotic leakage occurred in only 1 patient, 3.1% overall. There was neither pyothorax nor mediastinitis. There was no lethal anastomotic leakage. Later, 2 patients (6.2%) developed an anastomotic stricture that required balloon dilatation. CONCLUSIONS: Omentoplasty to reinforce cervical esophagogastrostomy decreases anastomotic failure following radical esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection.     

改良式左胸腹联合左颈二切口在食管癌根治术中的应用(附21例临床分析)

目的探讨改良式左胸腹联合左颈二切口在食管下段癌根治术中的应用. 方法对2002年2月至2003年6月采用了改良式左胸腹联合左颈二切口根治术的21例食管下段癌患者的手术时间、手术并发症、上腹部淋巴结清扫范围进行回顾性分析. 结果改良式左胸腹联合左颈二切口根治术能有效的简化了手术操作步骤,减少了手术创伤及并发症,扩大了腹内淋巴结清扫范围. 结论改良式左胸腹联合左颈二切口根治术是食管下段癌患者的较理想的术式.     

A case of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with more than 30 years long-term asymptomatic pulmonary metastases

This is a case report of a patient with thyroid cancer with asymptomatic pulmonary metastases, and without obvious progression over 34 years. The patient, a 47-year-old male, was shown to have miliary shadows on chest radiographs from the age of 13; indeed, he was temporarily treated for pulmonary tuberculosis without success. A tumour appeared in the right neck in December 1988 (at age 47). A diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid was made by biopsy; he then underwent total thyroidectomy with radical dissection of the neck (April 1989). However, the bilateral metastatic lymph nodes in the neck had invaded the vasculature, preventing complete dissection. Post-operative whole body ¹³¹I scintigraphy revealed diffuse intensive uptake in the bilateral lung fields, demonstrating for the first time that the pulmonary lesions were metastases of the thyroid cancer. He remains under periodic effective treatment with ¹³¹I.     

Insignificance of prophylactic upper mediastinal lymph node dissection by sternotomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is characterized by extensive lymph node metastases. A considerably high frequency of lymph node metastases in the upper mediastinal compartment (UMC) has been reported. However, the significance of prophylactic upper mediastinal lymph node dissection (UMLND) by sternotomy as an appropriate therapeutic option has not yet been clarified. Thirty-three patients who underwent prophylactic UMLND by sternotomy for PTC at our institution between 1980 and 1987 (group A) were analyzed. One hundred and fifty-one consecutive patients with PTC who underwent curative total thyroidectomy, bilateral modified radical neck dissection, and UMLND by collar incision as initial treatment between 1990 and 1999 (group B) were analyzed as controls. The patterns of lymph node metastases in the cervical compartment of these two groups were comparable; distribution of lymph node metastases in UMC was considerably less frequent than in other compartments. Clinical relapse in UMC was not observed in both groups. No significant difference in disease specific survival or relapse free survival between group A and B was observed. The lack of clinical relapse in UMC in group B indicates that most of the lymph node metastases in this compartment could be resected by the conventional collar incision or most microscopic lymphatic metastases could remain dormant as with lateral microscopic node metastases. Thus, upper mediastinal lymph node metastases requiring sternotomy to resect in curable patients with PTC could be less frequent. Prophylactic UMLND by sternotomy for PTC is discouraged from a clinical view point.     

病灶清除术治疗颈淋巴结核38例临床分析

目的观察外科病灶清除术治疗巨大脓肿型颈淋巴结核的临床价值。方法对38例临床诊断为巨大脓肿型颈淋巴结核的患者,采用一次性脓肿病灶清除术治疗。结果 38例均临床治愈。其中32例一期缝合者:Ⅰ期愈合30例,Ⅱ期愈合2例;创口敞开6例,25d~45d创口愈合。术后按2HRZE/10HRE方案规范抗结核治疗。随访0.5~1.5年,原手术部位无复发。结论病灶清除术治疗巨大脓肿型颈淋巴结核有重要价值,与分期手术有同等的效果。     

A case of esophageal tuberculosis which developed during the treatment for tuberculous lymphadenitis

A 23-year-old man was admitted to the other hospital complaining of fever and lymph node swelling in the left neck. Computed tomography showed swollen mediastinal lymph nodes without intrapulmonary lesions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis were identified by sputum culture and cervical lymph node biopsy and the case was diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis. Three weeks after starting treatment with four anti-tuberculous drugs, he complained chest pain while eating and chest X-ray showed a new infiltrative shadow in the right cardiophrenic angle, then he was admitted to our hospital. Esophagoscopy revealed a deep ulceration with fistulas at 30 cm from the incisor and he was diagnosed as esophageal tuberculosis by histological examination of the biopsy specimen showing remarkable leukocytes infiltration and epithelioid cell granulomas with a few multinucleated giant cells. After antituberculous chemotherapy for six months, the mediastinal and cervical lymphadenopathy were reduced in size and the esophageal ulceration almost disappeared. Although esophageal tuberculosis is rare, the disease might develop during or after mediastinal or periesophageal tuberculous lymphadenitis.