多发性骨髓瘤伴肾功能不全15例临床特征与疗效分析

多发性骨髓瘤是浆细胞的肿瘤,患者有20%～40%合并不同程度的肾功能损害,此类患者预后较差.我们对我院血液科经治的15例伴肾功能不全多发性骨髓瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血清β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白水平的测定及其与病程和预后的关系

目的测定β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者血清中含量的变化,探讨β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白对多发性骨髓瘤患者临床预后判断的意义。方法将39例多发性骨髓瘤患者分为初发期组、稳定期组和进展期组,分别测定各组β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白水平,并与多发性骨髓瘤患者各预后因素进行相关分析,以30例体检健康者为对照组。结果初发期组、稳定期组、进展期组β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),进展期组与稳定期组、初发期组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),所有多发性骨髓瘤患者年龄、血红蛋白(Hb)、血肌肝(Cr)、Ca2 、M蛋白等因素与β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白水平呈正相关。结论在影响多发性骨髓瘤患者生存的诸多因素中,血清β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白可作为重要或独立的预后因素。     

老年多发性骨髓瘤肾损害103例的临床特点

目的 探讨老年多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者的临床特点及其发生肾功能不全的危险因素.方法 对103例MM患者的临床及实验室资料进行回顾性分析,比较老年MM患者特别是发生了肾功能不全的患者与中年MM患者的临床不同点,并用Logistic回归分析老年MM患者发生肾功能不全的危险因素.结果 老年MM患者的肾功能不全(发生率为55%)及尿检异常(发生率为75%)的发生率高于中年MM患者(P＜0.05).老年MM患者的男女比例为2.2∶1,其中有肾功能不全的MM患者的男女比例为4.5∶1高于肾功能正常患者(P＜0.05).老年MM患者中83.3%的临床分期为Ⅲ期,老年MM有肾功能不全患者中93.9%为Ⅲ期.与肾功能正常患者相比,老年MM有肾功能不全患者的溶骨性骨质破坏更严重,浆细胞比例更高.老年MM有肾功能不全的患者的血尿酸、血钙、血磷以及β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平比中年MM患者高,且老年MM有肾功能不全患者的血红蛋白及血清白蛋白水平更低.Logistic回归分析发现性别、血尿酸、血红蛋白、血钙、血磷、白蛋白、血和尿β2-MG的水平与老年MM患者发生肾功能不全有关.结论 老年MM有肾功能不全患者以男性多见,溶骨性损害更严重,代谢紊乱如高尿酸血症、高钙血症、贫血更明显,同时男性、高尿酸血症、高钙血症、低白蛋白血症、贫血为老年MM患者发生肾功能不全的危险因素.     

VEGF在初诊多发性骨髓瘤患者中的意义

目的:探索血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平在多发性骨髓瘤患者(MM)中的意义。方法:选取2018年6月至2020年12月初诊于甘肃省人民医院血液内科MM患者59例,检测其VEGF、白蛋白(ALB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)等实验室指标,分析VEGF与MM患者各临床指标相关性;单因素和多因素分析各实验室指标对MM患者预后的影响;通过生存分析初步评估VEGF等水平对MM预后价值。结果:VEGF升高的MM患者血小板及ALB水平减低,而β2-MG、LDH及血肌酐(Cr)水平则明显升高(P<0.05);分期较晚的患者VEGF水平更高(P<0.05);单因素及多因素分析显示VEGF、β2-MG、ALB及Cr可影响MM患者预后;生存分析显示VEGF、β2-MG和不良预后有关。结论:VEGF水平与MM患者各临床指标存在相关性,并对预后有重要意义。     

2型糖尿病患者肾功能不全的危险因素分析研究

目的 观察2型糖尿病患者肾功能与相关因素的关系,探讨2型糖尿病患者肾功能减退的相关危险因素.方法 选取住院的2型糖尿病患者492例,收集相关临床资料并检测相关生化指标.使用SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据分析和处理.结果 2型糖尿病合并肾功能不全组患者与肾功能正常组患者相比,年龄、病程、收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、血尿素氮、尿酸、血肌酐、尿蛋白排泄率水平均明显较高,有统计学意义(P<0.05);肾功能不全与年龄、病程、尿蛋白排泄率有相关性(P<0.05).结论 年龄、病程是2型糖尿病患者肾功能不全的主要影响因素.     

慢性心力衰竭合并肾功能不全相关危险因素分析

目的分析慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者合并肾功能不全的临床特点,探讨CHF患者伴发肾功能不全的危险因素。方法收集就诊于本院心内科的CHF患者385例,其中男性211例,女性174例,平均年龄69.62±8.59岁。采用回顾性对照研究的方法,按照肾小球滤过率估计值(eGFR)将CHF患者分为肾功能不全组[eGFR60 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)]和非肾功能不全组[eGFR≥60 mL/(min·1.73 m2)]。分析比较两组患者的一般资料、心脏基础疾病、伴随疾病、对比剂应用史、心脏超声参数、肾功能指标、血脂、N末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、D-二聚体、血红蛋白、尿微量白蛋白等实验室检查结果。多因素Logistic回归分析CHF患者合并肾功能不全的危险因素。结果385例CHF患者中合并肾功能不全的发生率约为42.1%。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、NYHA心功能分级、高血压病、贫血、糖尿病、心房颤动在肾功能不全组和非肾功能不全组之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);肾功能不全组血清肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸、胱抑素C和NT-proBNP水平较非肾功能不全组升高;左心室射血分数和血红蛋白水平较非肾功能不全组降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR 1.543,95%CI1.067~2.231)、NYHA心功能分级(OR 1.840,95%CI 1.054~3.212)、高血压病史(OR 1.967,95%CI 1.175~3.292)以及胱抑素C(OR 1.989,95%CI 1.027~3.851)与肾功能不全的发生独立相关。结论 CHF患者合并肾功能不全的发生率较高,高龄、NYHA心功能Ⅳ级、高血压病史以及血清高胱抑素C水平是CHF患者合并肾功能不全的独立危险因素。     

肾功能不全对慢性心力衰竭住院患者预后影响的回顾性分析

目的 回顾性分析肾功能不全对慢性心力衰竭(心衰)住院患者预后的影响.方法收集天津医科大学第二医院心脏科1980年1月至2007年8月慢性心衰住院病例,根据肾小球滤过率将全部患者分为A(肾功能正常)、B(肾功能轻度受损)、C(肾功能不全)三组;C组患者以入院年代分为D(1980年1月至1989年12月)、E(1990年1月至1999年12月)、F(2000年1月至2007年8月)三个亚组.分析临床特点及治疗情况.应用logistic回归法对其预后影响因素进行分析.结果分析2459例病例,其中合并肾功能不伞者714例(29.0%).与A、B组的患者相比,C组患者年龄较大,心功能较差,治疗仍以硝酸酯、利尿剂、洋地黄为主,血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拈抗剂、β受体阻滞剂、他汀类药物使用逐年代增加,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂以20世纪90年代应用比例最高,且住院时间长、住院全因病死率高(均为P＜0.01),使用多变量分析校正其他危险因素后,肾功能不全是增加慢性心衰住院患者病死率的独立危险因素,肾小球滤过率每下降10 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2,病死率增加16.7%.结论慢性心衰合并肾功能不全的发生率较高,且住院时间长、住院病死率高,肾功能不全是增加慢性心衰患者住院病死率的独立危险因素,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂、β受体阻滞剂、他汀类药物的应用对于改善患者的预后可能具有重要意义.     

缬沙坦治疗心力衰竭合并肾功能不全30例疗效观察

目的观察缬沙坦对心力衰竭合并肾功能不全患者的疗效和安全性。方法30例伴有心力衰竭合并轻度肾功能不全的患者给予缬沙坦（80mg／d）和呋塞米（20mg／d）治疗4周，观察心功能分级、血肌酐的变化。结果4周后患者心力衰竭症状明显减轻，患者血肌酐水平明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论缬沙坦能有效控制心力衰竭患者的临床症状，安全地应用于心力衰竭合并轻度肾功能不全的患者，有效降低患者的血肌酐水平。     

慢性肾功能不全与急性冠状动脉综合征的研究进展

大量的研究证实急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者合并肾功能异常较为常见,肾功能不全是ACS患者不良预后的独立危险因素,然而其具体的机制目前还不是很清楚。肾功能状态影响着ACS患者的治疗策略,包括介入、抗栓及抗凝药物的使用等。现对肾功能不全造成不良预后的相关病理生理机制及ACS合并肾功能不全患者的治疗现状做一综述,重视ACS患者的肾功能评估,以其更好地指导治疗,改善患者预后。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血清Cys-C水平变化及意义

目的探讨多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用全自动生化仪测定28例MM患者(MM组)的血清Cys-C、肌酐(Cr)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)。根据国际分期标准(ISS),28例MM患者中,Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期15例,Ⅲ期7例。另选20例健康体检者为对照组。结果 MM组血清Cys-C水平高于对照组,且Cys-C水平随其ISS分期的升高而升高(P均<0.05)。血清Cys-C水平与血β2-MG水平以及肾功能损伤程度呈正相关关系(r=0.956、0.867,P均<0.05)。结论 MM患者血清Cys-C水平上调,并与肾功能损害及肿瘤负荷有关;其可作为评价早期肾功能损害及肿瘤负荷的潜在指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.