富硒麦芽对阿霉素致小鼠心脏毒性的保护作用

目的:探讨含硒制剂诱导金属硫蛋白在对抗阿霉素心脏毒性中的作用,比较无机硒制剂亚硒酸钠与有机硒制剂富硒麦芽。方法:不同时间给小鼠喂予硒制剂后取血分离血清,按常规查GOT和CK活性,按DTNB法测GSH-Px活性;取心、肝、肾组织按Hg Chelex法测金属硫蛋白(MT)含量并做心脏病理学检查。结果:两种含硒制剂均能减轻阿霉素引起的体重下降、GOT与CK酶升高及心脏病理损害,其中富硒麦芽的效果略优于亚硒酸钠。两者还能增加GSH-Px酶活性,诱导心脏中MT合成增加,连续使用硒制剂的整体效果优于先或后使用该制剂。结论:除升高GSH-Px外,硒制剂诱导合成MT很可能是减轻阿霉素心脏毒性的保护机制之一。两种硒制剂比较使用富硒麦芽较亚硒酸钠更为安全,且不降低原已证实的亚硒酸钠对心肌的保护作用。     

半胱氨酸,谷胱甘肽和除去金属的金属硫蛋白对含镉金属…

在大鼠不同部位ＳＣ巯基化合物与含镉金属硫蛋白（ＣｄＭＴ），观察除去金属的金属硫蛋白（ＡｐｏＭＴ）Ｌ－半胱氨酸（Ｃｙｓ），还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）对大鼠ＣｄＭＴ损伤肾的保护作用，测定不同时相尿蛋白和尿碱性磷酸酶活性以及肾组织形态学结果表明，与单独给予ＣｄＭＴ比较，肾损伤作用明显减轻。ＡｐｏＭＴ，ＧＳＨ促使大鼠尿Ｃｄ排泄量显增加，肾组织细胞中金属硫蛋白（ＭＴ）结合Ｃｄ和游离Ｃｄ含量明显降低，以ＧＳＨ     

β—胡萝卜素对阿霉素所致的大鼠心脏毒性的作用

目的：研究β－胡萝卜素减轻阿霉素所致的大鼠心脏毒性的作用及其机制，方法：应用光学显微镜技术观察心肌组织的病理变化，心肌ＭＤＡ值用巴比妥酸法测定，ＳＯＤ活性用邻苯二酚法测定，ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性用ＤＴＮＢ法测定，运用顺磁共振（ＥＳＲ）技术测定半醌自由基，结果：β－胡萝卜素素１０或３０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１可明显减轻阿霉素引起的大鼠心肌损害，保护ＳＯＤ，ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性，对抗阿霉素引起的心肌ＭＤＡ水平升高，体外     

半胱氨酸，谷胱甘肽和除去金属的金属硫蛋白对含镉金属硫蛋白肾毒性的保护作用

在大鼠不同部位ｓｃ巯基化合物与含镉金属硫蛋白（ＣｄＭＴ），观察除去金属的金属硫蛋白（ＡｐｏＭＴ），Ｌ－半胱氨酸（Ｃｙｓ），还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）对大鼠ＣｄＭＴ损伤肾的保护作用。测定不同时相尿蛋白和尿碱性磷酸酶活性以及肾组织形态学结果表明，与单独给予ＣｄＭＴ比较，肾损伤作用明显减轻。ＡｐｏＭＴ，ＧＳＨ促使大鼠尿Ｃｄ排泄量显著增加，肾组织细胞中金属硫蛋白（ＭＴ）结合Ｃｄ和游离Ｃｄ含量明显降低，以ＧＳＨ尤为明显Ｃｙｓ能增加Ｃｄ在肾细胞内蓄积，提示在Ｃｄ中毒时，除ＭＴ对肾损伤有保护作用外，也有其它巯基化合物的参与，且作用机理不尽相同     

硒多糖、亚砷酸钠对大鼠肝微粒体酶和GSH-Px等的影响

研究了硒多糖、亚砷酸钠在体内、外对大鼠肝微粒体酶细胞色素Ｐ－４５０、ｂ５、ＮＡＤ（Ｐ）Ｈ－细胞色素Ｃ还原酶、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（ＧＳＴ）的影响;并通过测定硒多糖、亚砷酸钠对肝谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）和脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）的影响,探讨了硒、砷相互作用的机理。结果表明：连续７天腹腔注射０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ硒多糖,细胞色素Ｐ－４５０、ｂ５的含量、ＧＳＴ的活性降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;硒多糖明显诱导ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ的活性,降低脂质过氧化,拮抗亚砷酸钠对ＬＰＯ的作用。亚砷酸钠显著增强肝细胞脂质过氧化（Ｐ＜０．０５）,对ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ和肝微粒体酶无明显影响     

氧自由基或降钙素基因相关肽预处置减轻氧自由基所致心肌损伤

目的：研究氧自由基（ＯＦＲ）及降钙素基因肽（ＣＧＲＰ）预处置对ＯＦＲ所致离体大鼠心脏损伤的拮抗作用。方法：Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ法灌流心脏，电解Ｋ－Ｈ液产生ＯＦＲ，结果：ＣＧＲＰ或ＯＦＲ预处置减轻ＯＦＲ所致心脏收缩功能下降，冠脉流量减少和肌激酶（ＣＫ）释放增加，蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）抑制剂Ｈ－７可取消ＯＦＲ预处置的心脏保护作用（对照组，ＯＦＲ损伤组，ＯＦＲ预处置组，Ｈ－７加ＯＦＲ预处置组及Ｈ－７组的     

2(3)-叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚对阿霉素诱发小鼠毒性的保护作用及其抗氧化机制

探讨叔丁基羟基茴香醚（ＢＨＡ）对阿霉素诱发小鼠毒性的保护作用及其机制。测定一些酶的活性及ＭＤＡ含量，并计数小鼠死亡率。结果经ＢＨＡ预处理后小鼠血清ＧＰＴ，ＧＯＴ，ＬＤＨ和ＣＫ活性及死亡率与阿霉素组比较均显著降低，并能显著降低由阿霉素所致ＭＤＡ含量升高的作用，同时ＢＨＡ对心肌及肝组织醌还原酶、ＧＳＴｓ和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性诱导增高。提示ＢＨＡ对阿霉素的毒性具有良好的保护作用，其作用途径可能与ＢＨＡ诱导抗氧化酶活性增加并抑制脂质过氧化反应有关     

有机硒富硒麦芽与无机硒亚硝酸钠的毒性比较

目前我国缺硒地区解决硒营养不足问题,是采用口服无机亚硒酸钠片或食用亚硒酸钠强化食盐。然而不少研究表明,有机硒的活性比无机硒高。能更有效地在体内同化,且毒性小。北京市食品工业研究所研制的富硒麦芽,其有机硒的含量达97％以上。与美国研制的硒酵母相比,富硒麦芽还含有一定量的维生素E(V_E)和维生素C(V_C)     

吸烟对慢性阻塞性肺疾病脂质过氧化系统及α1—抗胰蛋白酶的影响

吸烟对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者体内自由基水平和α１－抗胰蛋白酶的影响。采用硫代巴比妥法、放射免疫法和酶标法对３５例吸烟和２５例非吸烟ＣＯＰＤ患者血清脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、超氧化物歧化酶ＳＯＤ）、α１－ＡＴ和α１－酸性糖蛋白（α１－ＡＧ）进行测定。结果显示：吸烟ＣＯＰＤ组血中ＬＰＯ、α１－ＡＧ明显高于非吸烟组，ＳＯＤ、α１０－ＡＴ明显低于非吸烟组；吸烟组ＬＰＯ和α１－ＡＴ呈负相关，ＳＯＤ和     

Attenuation of myocardial injury due to oxygen free radicals(OFR) by pretreatment with OFR or calcitonin gene-related peptide

目的：研究氧自由基（ＯＦＲ）及降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）预处置对ＯＦＲ所致离体大鼠心脏损伤的拮抗作用．方法：Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ法灌流心脏，电解ＫＨ液产生ＯＦＲ．结果：ＣＧＲＰ或ＯＦＲ预处置减轻ＯＦＲ所致心脏收缩功能下降，冠脉流量减少和肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）释放增加．蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）抑制剂Ｈ７可取消ＯＦＲ预处置的心脏保护作用（对照组，ＯＦＲ损伤组，ＯＦＲ预处置组，Ｈ７加ＯＦＲ预处置组及Ｈ７组的ＣＫ释放量分别是１１０±７，２１５±２３，１６９±１４，２４０±３０，１１３±１９Ｕ·Ｌ－１）．结论：ＯＦＲ或ＣＧＲＰ预处置对ＯＦＲ所致心肌损伤具有拮抗作用，该作用与ＰＫＣ激活有关．     

大蒜多糖对阿霉素所致小鼠心脏毒性的拮抗作用

目的　研究大蒜多糖 (GP)对中毒性心肌炎的拮抗作用并探讨其机制。方法　建立小鼠阿霉素 (ADR)中毒性心肌炎模型,测定血清、心肌多项生化指标,并观察心肌结构变化。结果　ADR(3mg·kg-1ip, qod×7)可致小鼠血清肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活力升高(P<0 01),同时心肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力下降而丙二醛 (MDA)含量升高 (P<0 01),线粒体水肿明显。GP( 0 75 ~3 0g·kg-1 ig, qd×15)能逆转ADR所致的上述改变,表现为剂量相关性降低血清CK、LDH、GOT和iNOS活力,增加心肌SOD活力和降低MDA含量,尤其以GP大剂量组作用明显 (P<0 05或P<0 01)。光镜和电镜结果也证实了GP的保护作用。结论　GP能拮抗阿霉素所致的小鼠中毒性心肌炎,其作用机制与增强心肌SOD活力和抗心肌脂质过氧化有关。     

Biointeraction of sodium selenite and aflatoxin B1 in the Mongolian gerbil

The interaction of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was studied in 6-wk-old male Mongolian gerbils. Each of four groups of gerbils were fed one of the following diets during a 12-wk experimental period: control (commercial Chow), 5.0 ppm Na2SeO3, 12.8 ppm AFB1, or 5.09 ppm Na2SeO3 + 12.8 ppm AFB1. Animals receiving Na2SeO3 in the diet, alone and with AFB1, had a significantly lower mean total weight gain during the experiment than did control animals. Animals receiving both compounds together displayed a very high level of physical activity compared to the three other groups. Blood analysis showed no change in total leukocytes, but the relative percentage of lymphocytes increased and the percentage of neutrophils decreased concurrently in the order: control less than AFB1 less than Na2SeO3 + AFB1 les than Na2SeO3. A significant reduction in organ weight relative to body weight was observed in the liver, kidney, and lung of the animals fed AFB1 alone but only in the liver of those fed both Na2SeO3 and AFB1. No similar alterations were observed in the Na2SeO3 group. Histopathological examination revealed considerably less hepatic damage in animals fed Na2SeO3 with AFB1 than in those receiving either compound alone. Renal and intestinal damage, however, was most severe in this double-treatment group. Hepatic protein analysis revealed two protein peaks in the Na2SeO3 + AFB1 group that were absent in all other groups. It was concluded that these proteins may be selenoproteins directly or indirectly involved in the lower incidence of histopathological damage in this group.     

Antioxidant activity of Pepticare, a herbomineral formulation, in experimentally induced renal and cardiac damage

Pepticare, a herbomineral formulation, was administered orally to rats at the dose levels of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg to investigate its effect on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction and cisplatin-induced renal damage. The drug reduced the levels of serum creatine kinase (CK), glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and uric acid in isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage. In cisplatin-induced renal damage, Pepticare reduced the serum levels of creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid. It was further found that administration of Pepticare increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), membrane bound enzymes like Ca2+ ATPase, Mg2+ ATPase and Na+ K+ ATPase and decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA) in heart and kidney, respectively. Thus it can be concluded that Pepticare possesses antioxidant activity and protects the heart and kidney from damage caused by isoproterenol and cisplatin, respectively.     

西红花酸对多柔比星致大鼠心脏毒性的影响

目的：研究西红花酸减轻多柔比星心脏毒性的作用并探讨其机制。方法：建立多柔比星损伤大鼠心脏模型，灌胃给予西红花酸，观察动物心电图变化，测定血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、全血谷胱甘肽过氧物酶（GSH—Px）和丙二醛（MDA）的变化，用光镜及透射电镜观察心肌的病理改变。结果：西红花酸可以有效改善多柔比星诱导的大鼠心电图异常，如QRS复合波变宽、Q＆T间期延长、T波高耸以及心率变缓（P〈0．05），阻滞多柔比星引起的总SOD，Cu-Zn-SOD，全血GSH—Px活性降低和LDH，CK活性升高及MDA的升高（P〈0．05）；改善心肌超微结构的病理变化。结论：西红花酸可以减轻多柔比星的心脏毒性。     

乌贼墨多糖对环磷酰胺致小鼠部分脏器损伤的缓解效应

目的探讨乌贼墨多糖(SIPS)对环磷酰胺(CP)致小鼠肝脏、肾脏、心脏和肺毒性损伤的缓解效果。方法 BALB/c小鼠连续口服给药SIPS(180 mg.kg 1)2周(每天1次),于第6、7天2次腹腔注射CP(100 mg.kg 1)。分别检测肝脏、肾脏、心脏和肺的器官指数和抗氧化能力及肝脏和肾脏的功能参数。结果 SIPS不仅弱化CP所导致的肝脏器官指数的增加(P<0.01),降低CP所致肝脏谷丙转氨酶(P<0.01)与谷草转氨酶(P<0.01)的活力升高,升高CP所致血清中尿素含量的降低(P<0.01),同时不同程度地保护了肝脏(P<0.01)和心脏(P<0.05)的抗氧化能力。结论上述结果表明,SIPS对CP所导致的4种器官毒性损伤具有一定的缓解作用。     

2(3)-叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚对阿霉素诱发小鼠毒性的保护作用及其抗氧化机制

探讨叔丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)对阿霉素诱发小鼠毒性的保护作用及其机制。测定一些酶的活性及MDA含量,并计数小鼠死亡率。结果经BHA预处理后小鼠血清GPT,GOT,LDH和CK活性及死亡率与阿霉素组比较均显著降低,并能显著降低由阿霉素所致MDA含量升高的作用,同时BHA对心肌及肝组织醌还原酶、GSTs和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性诱导增高。提示BHA对阿霉素的毒性具有良好的保护作用,其作用途径可能与BHA诱导抗氧化酶活性增加并抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

二苯乙烯苷对多柔比星致小鼠心脏损伤的保护作用研究

目的:研究中药何首乌主要有效成分二苯乙烯苷(THSG)对多柔比星(DOX)致小鼠心脏损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:取小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组和THSG高、中、低剂量组(150、100、50mg·kg-1·d-1),每组20只,THSG各剂量组灌胃给予相应药物2d,第3天除正常对照组外其余各组单剂量腹腔注射DOX15mg·kg-1建立心脏损伤模型,建模同时THSG各剂量组继续灌胃给药5d,然后处死小鼠。观察各组小鼠体重、心脏指数、存活率和心肌病理形态变化,考察小鼠血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)水平及心脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠体重明显减轻(P<0.01),心脏指数和存活率均略减小,LDH、CK、MDA水平均明显升高(P<0.01),GSH含量明显降低(P<0.01),可见明显的心肌纤维断裂甚至消失,心肌间质水肿并伴有局灶性心内膜下出血。与模型组比较,THSG高、中、低剂量组小鼠体重、心脏指数和存活率均无明显差异,LDH、CK、MDA水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),GSH含量明显增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),心肌组织病理形态学变化明显好转。结论:THSG对DOX致小鼠心脏损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化损伤有关。     

Diphenyl diselenide and ascorbic acid changes deposition of selenium and ascorbic acid in liver and brain of mice

Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) is the selenium form used in the composition of dietary supplements, and diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 is an important intermediate in organic synthesis, which increases the risk of human exposure to this chemical in the workplace. These compounds have been reported to inhibit the cerebral and hepatic aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in vitro, and now we show that ascorbic acid can reverse some alterations caused by in vivo selenium exposure, but not ALA-D inhibition. The effect of Na2SeO3 or (PhSe)2 and ascorbic acid on selenium distribution, total non-protein thiol, ascorbic acid content (liver and brain) and haemoglobin was also examined. Mice were exposed to 250 micromol/kg (PhSe)2, or 18.75 micromol/kg Na2SeO3 subcutaneously, and to ascorbic acid, twice a day, 1 mmol/kg intraperitonially, for 10 days. Hepatic ALA-D of mice treated with (PhSe)2 was inhibited about 58% and similar results were observed in the animals that received ascorbic acid supplementation (P<0.01, for (PhSe)2-treated and (PhSe)2+ascorbic acid-treated mice). The haemoglobin content decreased after treatment with (PhSe)2 (P<0.01). However, the haemoglobin content of the (PhSe)2+ascorbic acid group was significantly higher than in the (PhSe)2-treated mice (P<0.05), and similar to control (P>0.10). Ascorbic acid treatment decreased significantly the hepatic and cerebral deposition of Se in (PhSe)2-exposed mice (P<0.01). Hepatic non-protein thiol content was not changed by treatment with (PhSe)2, ascorbic acid or (PhSe)2+ascorbic acid. Hepatic content of ascorbic acid was twice that in mice that received (PhSe)2, independent of ascorbic acid treatment (P<0.001). The results of this study suggest that vitamin C may have a protective role in organodiselenide intoxication.     

The changes of hepatic metallothionein synthesis and the hepatic damage induced by starvation in mice

Metallothionein (MT) is induced in the liver not only by heavy metals, but also by stress such as starvation. However, the meaning of the induced MT during starvation has never been clear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between changes in hepatic MT synthesis and the hepatic damage that occurs during starvation. MT synthesis was assessed by measuring MT contents and the expression of the MT gene in the liver. The hepatic damage was assessed by measuring glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities in the serum. MT synthesis in the liver increased over the normal level by starvation, but decreased under the normal level by refeeding after starvation. Both GPT and GOT activities of the refeeding group were higher than those of the control group. However, MT synthesis increased by a subcutaneous injection with CdCl(2) (1 mg Cd /kg) at the same time as refeeding after starvation. At this point, GOT activity decreased until it reached the normal level. MT synthesis decreased by refeeding after starvation, and from the results found in this study, we proposed the hypothesis that the liver damage caused by refeeding after starvation might be due to the decrease in the synthesis of a sufficient amount of MT induced by metals.     

硒和/或维生素E对实验性高脂血症大鼠心、肝、肾及血清中一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的 :观察硒和/或维生素E(VE)对实验性高脂血症大鼠心、肝、肾、血清一氧化氮 (NO)及一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)的影响。方法 :对大鼠喂以高脂饲料致实验性高脂血症 ,然后分别分组给予硒和/或VE ,4wk后取血及心、肝、肾组织匀浆 ,采用硝酸还原酶等方法测定上述组织的NO和NOS含量。结果 :高脂饲料可致血清、心、肝、肾组织中NO含量及NOS活性降低 ;硒和/或VE能不同程度地增加这些组织中NO含量及心、肝、肾中的NOS活性 (P<0 05或P<0 01) ,且两者合用比单用作用更明显。结论 :硒和/或VE可致实验性高脂血症大鼠心、肝、肾及血清中的NO和NOS发生改变。