子宫肌瘤雌孕激素受体在月经周期中的变化

子宫肌瘤是激素依赖性肿瘤 ,既往认为子宫肌瘤发生发展的主要原因是雌激素水平过高 ;以后的研究证实子宫肌瘤中雌激素受体 (ＥＲ)及孕激素受体 (ＰＲ)水平均高于正常子宫肌层组织。因此 ,提出雌激素的过度作用促进了子宫肌瘤的发生发展 ,孕激素在子宫肌瘤的发病及生长中同样起着重要作用。孕激素及孕激素受体调节着子宫肌瘤肿瘤细胞的分裂活动 ,促进子宫肌瘤的增殖。大多学者认为子宫肌瘤的生长主要发生在月经周期的前半期 ,尤其是排卵前期 ,另有一些学者临床观察发现子宫肌瘤在卵泡期缩小 ,黄体期长大。1　受体、雌激素受体及孕激素受体1 1…     

雌激素对心血管系统功能的保护作用

心血管系统也分布有雌激素受体 ,因而其功能也受雌激素影响。流行病学、动物实验及人类的大量资料表明雌激素对心血管系统的功能有保护作用[1] 。虽然目前不主张将预防冠心病作为性激素补充疗法 (ＨＲＴ)的适应证[2 ,3 ] ,但ＨＲＴ与雌激素作用之间不能划等号 ,因此仍有必要了解雌激素对女性心血管系统的作用 ,本文仅对此进行概述。1　证据1.1　性别差异　冠状动脉心脏病 (ＣＡＨＤ)是整个生命阶段在遗传、体质、行为和环境等因素综合作用下 ,心脏进展性损害的结果 ,占总的心血管病 (ＣＶＤ) 5 0 %以上 ,在发生上的性别差异早在两个世纪前已…     

子宫肌瘤中雌、孕激素受体在月经周期中的变化

子宫肌瘤的发病机理尚未完全清楚。近年对雌、孕激素受体 (ER、PR)的基础研究取得了很大突破 ,并且通过大量的临床对照研究 ,指出EP、PR各亚型在子宫肌瘤、正常子宫肌层和内膜中的表达不同 ,并随月经周期中雌、孕激素 (E、P)水平的改变而发生波动 ,为子宫肌瘤的病因学研究提出了新的途径。现对ER、PR各个亚型的分子结构、功能区、组织学分布以及与子宫肌瘤的关系等作一简要综述     

妊娠期妇女心血管结构和功能变化的研究进展

妊娠期血容量,心热电厂量增加及伴随妊娠出现的内分泌改变引起孕妇心血管结构和功能的变化,其中以左心室的改变最为显著,随着超声诊断技术的进展,使得临床序贯研究孕妇血液动力学变化更加精确和方便,本文将对该方面的最新成果作一综述。     

循环一氧化氮在月经周期的变化

近年发现一氧化氮（ＮＯ）不仅参与妊娠、分娩,还与绝经后心血管病发病有关,并且ＮＯ产生具有性别（ＳＤ）差异,这些均提示ＮＯ与性激素（ＳＨ）有关。因此,我们研究了正常月经周期中雌二醇（Ｅ２）、孕酮（Ｐ）和ＮＯ的稳定代谢产物硝酸（ＮＯ－３）的变化,探讨了Ｓ...     

妊娠期妇女心血管结构和功能变化的研究进展

妊娠期血容量,心排量增加及伴随妊娠出现的内分泌改变引起孕妇心血管结构和功能的变化,其中以左心室的改变最为显著.随着超声诊断技术的进展,使得临床序贯研究孕妇血液动力学变化更加精确和方便,本文将对该方面的最新成果作一综述.     

不同月经周期阴道局部细胞因子的变化

目的:探讨正常妇女不同月经周期中阴道局部细胞因子的变化,为进一步研究下生殖道感染与细胞因子的关系提供一定理论基础。方法:选择正常女性卵泡期和黄体期各20例,ELISA法检测两组受试对象后穹隆灌洗液中的Th1因子γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、细胞介素-2(IL-2)、细胞介素-12(IL-12)和Th2因子细胞介素-4(IL-4)、细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量。结果:黄体期组IL-12和IL-10值明显高于卵泡期组(P0.05);黄体期组的IFN-γ、IL-2值均略高于卵泡期组(P0.05),IL-4值略低于卵泡期组(P0.05),但差异均无统计学意义。结论:随月经周期雌孕激素的变化,阴道局部细胞因子协调作用,使Th1/Th2比值达到一个新平衡,阴道免疫在月经周期处于动态平衡。     

育龄期女性月经周期的阴道菌群变化分析

目的:了解育龄期女性月经周期不同时段阴道菌群的动态变化。方法:随机选取2020年9—12月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科门诊体检的月经规律的健康育龄期妇女11例,分别在月经期（第2~3天）、卵泡中期（第7~8天）及黄体中期（第21~22天）留取阴道分泌物进行宏基因组测序及菌群分析。结果:（1）阴道菌群物种多样性表现为...     

正常月经周期中血清瘦素水平的变化及其与性激素的关系

瘦素 (ｌｅｐｔｉｎ)是联系营养代谢与生殖功能的重要信使[1] 。本研究初步探讨了正常月经周期中瘦素水平的变化及其与性激素、胰岛素、神经肽Ｙ的关系。一、资料与方法1 研究对象 :选择 2 0 0 0年 8月～ 2 0 0 1年 3月在我院生殖内分泌门诊就诊的因输卵管或男性因素所致不孕的妇女18例 ,年龄 2 6～ 37岁 ,平均 (31± 3)岁 ,月经周期 (2 9 4± 2 5 )ｄ ,基础体温连续 3个周期双相 ,体重指数均 <2 5ｋｇ/ｍ2 。既往身体健康 ,3个月来未服用过任何激素类药物。2 方法 :所有研究对象均行阴道Ｂ超监测排卵 ,辅以尿黄体生成素 (ＬＨ)检测确定Ｌ…     

雌激素对女性心血管保护作用的探讨

冠心病的发生率存在性别差异。中青年女性冠心病比同龄男性发病率低。绝经后妇女商发生率急剧上升，达到甚至超过男性冠心病发生率水平。绝经后妇女应用雌激素替代治疗可使心血管疾病发生明显下降。     

人子宫内膜细胞外基质在月经周期中变化的研究

本实验对人正常子宫内膜细胞外基质随月经周期的变动状况进行了观察，目的是进一步探讨为接受胚泡着床，子宫内膜的准备状态。子宫内膜标本利用ＬＳＡＢ免疫组织化学方法对细胞外基质的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型胶原蛋白、纤维粘连蛋白、层粘连蛋白在月经周期中的变化进行了观察。结果显示胶原蛋白、纤维粘连蛋白、层粘连蛋白主要分布在上皮组织的基膜中。胶原蛋白和纤维粘连蛋白总量在分泌早期明显减少。而层粘连蛋白总量在分泌期，特别在分泌中期明显增多。结果表明，细胞外基质随月经周期变化而明显变化。提示子宫内膜细胞外基质的周期变化对胚泡着床可能有着重要的作用。我们认为，细胞外基质是否能伴随月经周期而进行周期性变化是检查是否有正常月经周期的指标之一。本研究对着床、抗着床机理及某些不孕症的治疗将提供新方向。     

Blood Pressure Monitoring in Women with Previous Diagnosis of Preeclampsia: The Influence of the Menstrual Cycle

Objective: To evaluate 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (24h amb BP) and its relation to the menstrual cycle in women with previous preeclampsia (PE).

Study Design: A case-control study, 2×2 factorial (group x phase), was undertaken at Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. The subjects, 25 women with a history of moderate to severe PE, were included 2-5 years after pregnancy. Twenty-four women with normal pregnancies matched for age, parity at index pregnancy, and time of delivery served as controls. Half of the subjects started recordings in the follicular phase and the other half in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Main Outcome Measures: Diurnal blood pressure (BP) recording in the early follicular and the late luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Blood samples were drawn for determination of estradiol, progesterone, aldosterone, plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II, and angiotensin-converting enzyme.

Results: The BP values were significantly higher in women with previous PE, including 24h amb BP, mean day BP, mean night BP (p < 0.01). There were no phase differences in mean 24h amb BP. Mean diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) recordings at night in the luteal phase were lower than in the follicular phase in both groups (p < 0.05). In a group of PE patients with one or more BP readings ≥ 140/90 mm Hg at night (n = 11), the mean 24h amb BP, MAP, angiotensin II, and renin activity were significantly higher compared to the group with no BP readings ≥ 140/90 mm Hg at night.

Conclusion: Two to five years after pregnancy, women with a diagnosis of PE have a significantly higher 24h amb BP compared to women with normal pregnancies. A blunted diurnal BP reaction at night in the follicular phase compared to the luteal phase was seen mainly in the group of women with previous PE.     

绝经妇女血浆一氧化氮、内皮素的水平及补充性激素后的变化

目的 探讨绝经妇女雌激素下后血浆一氧化氮（ＮＯ）与内皮素（ＥＴ）水平的变化,及服用结合雌激素加安宫黄体酮对ＮＯ、ＥＴ水平的影响。方法 选择７０例绝经妇女作为绝经组,２８例有围绝经期症状的妇女作为围绝经组,２６例月经周期正常的妇女作为正常月经组。绝经组中３０例服用结合雌激素加安宫黄体酮者为绝经１组,另外２０例服用碳酸钙治疗者为绝经２组,绝经１期及绝经２组用药时间均为６个月。以上各组均取静脉血测定ＮＯ     

Menstrual Cycle Alterations during Adolescence: Early Expression of Metabolic Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Study ObjectiveTo assess the importance of the menstrual pattern as a marker for clinical and laboratory alterations related to metabolic syndrome (MS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among Brazilian adolescents.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingEndocrine Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of the Adolescent Health Studies Center (NESA) at the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital.Participants59 girls (12-19 years old) were classified by their menstrual cycles as regular (n = 23) and irregular (n = 36).InterventionNone.Main Outcome MeasuresBiochemical collections were made of peripheral blood after fasting for 12 hours, and the oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of anhydrous glucose.ResultsPCOS, MS, and the criteria for MS were significantly more frequent (P < .05) in the subgroup with irregular menstruation. Adolescents with irregular cycles presented a significant increase in waist circumference, glycemia 2 hours after oral glucose overload (2 h), fasting and 2-h insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides. In contrast, the glucose/insulin ratio, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index, and HDL serum levels were significantly lower among patients with irregular menstruation, compared to those with regular cycles. In the logistic regression, we noted that insulin 2 h ≥ 75 μIU/mL (r = 1.90; P = .018), waist circumference > 95 cm (r = 2.21; P = .006) and diagnosis of PCOS (r = 1.93; P = .023) were significantly correlated to irregular cycles.ConclusionsWe concluded that close observation of menstrual cycle patterns is an important tool for identifying adolescents at higher risk of developing PCOS and MS.     

妊娠高血压综合征孕妇肝肾功能生化指标的变化

目的 :通过对妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 )孕妇及正常妊娠孕妇肝肾功能生化指标的对比分析 ,寻找妊高征孕妇肝肾功能受损指标。方法 :对 74例妊高征孕妇及 78例正常妊娠孕妇住院后第 1天或次日清晨抽取空腹血测定肝肾功能。结果 :肝功能显示妊高征组ALT、AST、ALP、T Bi均高于正常妊娠组 ;Alb轻度降低 ,GT相似。肾功能显示BUN、UA、Cr妊高征组明显增高。结论 :肾功能的变化要比肝功能敏感 ,且有明显的相关性     

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Expression in Different Endometrial Locations Between Fertile and Infertile Women Throughout Different Menstrual Phases

Purpose: The purpose was to demonstrate the leukemiainhibitory factor (LIF) expression in different endometriallocations between fertile and infertile women throughoutdifferent menstrual phases. The relationship betweenprogesterone level and LIF expression were evaluated. Methods: Endometrial biopsies were performed onidiopathic infertile and normal fertile women accepted theinfollicular, periovulatory, and luteal phases. The lutealprogesterone level was measured. Endometrial LIFimmunostaining of luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, andstroma were detected. The relationship between luteal LIFexpression and progesterone level was evaluated. Results: Significant LIF expression was noted in theendometrium of fertile women rather than that of infertile women.The LIF expression was highest in the luminal epithelium,moderate in the glandular epithelium, and lowest in thestroma. The luminal and glandular epithelial staining werelowest in follicular phase, moderate in periovulatory phase,and strongest in luteal phase. The stromal LIF presentedwith a noncyclical manner. The LIF expression is not relatedwith the progesterone level. Conclusions: Endometrial LIF expression is related tohuman fertility. Endometrial LIF expression is dependenton cellular localizations and menstrual stages. Stronger LIFexpression presents in the endometrial epithelium duringluteal phase.     

雌激素对女性认知功能的影响

雌激素对中枢神经系统有许多有利作用,并且参与学习和记忆的脑功能调节。因此有研究推测绝经后雌激素水平的改变是女性认知相关疾病的高危因素。目前对围绝经期或绝经后女性的各项研究得出的矛盾性结果,推测出雌激素在阻止中老年妇女认知功能下降的治疗中存在一个关键的时期。根据这一假说,在人及动物研究中,通过分析与认知相关脑功能区域对雌激素改变的反应,以及补充外源性雌激素对脑功能的影响,来探讨女性雌激素对认知功能的影响以及雌激素治疗开始时间是否是防止或加剧认知功能障碍的重要因素。这对防治绝经后女性认知功能下降有重大意义。