双源CT冠状动脉成像在飞行人员冠心病诊断中的价值

目的 探讨双源CT冠状动脉成像在飞行人员冠心病诊断中的临床应用价值.方法对10名临床怀疑冠心病的飞行人员患者行双源CT冠状动脉成像（computed tomography coronary angiography,CTCA）检查和常规X线冠状动脉血管造影（conventional coronary angiography,CCA）检查,以CCA为金标准比较分析CTCA诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确性.结果 10例飞行人员患者均成功完成了双源CTCA与CCA 检查,双源CTCA图像优良率为96.3%.CTCA发现不同程度冠状动脉狭窄和斑块形成7例,其中2例同时存在前降支心肌桥;冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘1例;冠状动脉正常2例.7例患者的CTCA图像上15个冠状动脉节段有不同程度狭窄,以CCA为金标准,双源CTCA诊断冠状动脉有狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确率分别为100.0%、98.2%、98.4%;诊断冠状动脉中度及中度以上狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确率分别为80.0%、99.2%、98.4%.双源CTCA与CCA显示冠状动脉节段病变的能力无统计学差异（χ2=0.50,P=0.4795）.结论 双源CTCA作为一种无创检查方法,能够准确地评估飞行人员冠状动脉狭窄程度和冠状动脉管壁斑块情况,并能显示冠状动脉先天变异等,对于安全可靠地诊断飞行人员冠心病具有较高的应用价值.     

双源CT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉狭窄病变的诊断价值

目的：探讨双源CT（dual-source CT,DSCT）冠状动脉检查对冠状动脉狭窄病变的诊断价值.材料和方法：收集2009-05～2009-12 47例1周内同时做DSCT和冠状动脉造影（coronary angiography,CAG）检查的患者的影像学资料.以冠状动脉病变诊断的＂金标准＂CAG检查结果做对比,分析DSCT对冠状动脉病变诊断的准确性.结果：47例中,DSCT显示的冠状动脉节段共有631个,其中595个冠状动脉节段图像显示良好可以进行评估.DSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的灵敏度为79.7%（126/158）,特异度为96.3%（421/437）,阳性预测值为88.7%（126/142）,阴性预测值为92.9%（421/453）,正确率为91.9%（547/595）,DSCT与CAG检查具有中度一致性（Kappa=0.668）.DSCT对冠状动脉钙化、小分支病变诊断准确性欠佳.结论：DSCT冠状动脉成像能准确诊断有意义的冠状动脉狭窄病变,可作为临床上怀疑冠心病患者的CAG术前筛查及支架术后随访的首选方法.     

双源64排螺旋CT血管成像对下肢动脉狭窄及闭塞性病变的诊断价值

目的：通过双源64排螺旋CT血管成像（CTA）与数字减影血管造影（DSA）进行比较,探讨双源64排螺旋CTA对下肢动脉狭窄及闭塞性病变的诊断价值。方法采用德国西门子公司生产的双源64排螺旋CT对30例临床怀疑下肢动脉狭窄及闭塞性病变的患者进行双下肢动脉血管成像检查,扫描范围自腹主动脉下段至足底,扫描层厚0．75 mm,管电压120 kV,管电流250 mAs,将原始图像送入工作站进行图像后处理,主要包括容积再现（VR）、最大密度摄影（MIP）、多平面重建（MPR）、曲面重建（CPR）,并结合原始图像进行分析,所有患者1周后行DSA检查,以DSA作为参考标准,对诊断一致性、敏感性、特异性和狭窄部位的检出准确率进行计算。结果在720个动脉节段中,700个节段在CTA和DSA均可以显示,以DSA作为诊断标准,双源64排螺旋CTA诊断下肢动脉闭塞的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为99.3％、97．8％、97．8％;对于显示中度以上的狭窄,双源64排螺旋CTA的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为99．7％、97．6％、95．6％;双源64排螺旋CTA在诊断下肢动脉狭窄及闭塞性病变与DSA结果一致性好（kappa值＝0．937）。结论双源64排螺旋CTA可以作为下肢动脉狭窄及闭塞性病变的首选检查手段,对临床具有重要的指导价值。     

双源CT对冠状动脉狭窄诊断价值的Meta分析

目的 对研究双源CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的文献进行Meta分析,并评估双源CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的价值,为临床决策提供依据.资料与方法 以dual source CT(computed tomography)、conventional coronary angiography、CAG、coronary stenosis、双源...     

双源CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性研究

目的 :探讨双源CT(DSCT)冠状动脉成像对冠心病的诊断准确性及其较冠状动脉造影(CAG)的优势。方法 :对2014年1月至2015年1月先后行DSCT冠状动脉成像及CAG的62例冠心病患者进行研究。以CAG为金标准,评价DSCT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉狭窄程度诊断的准确性及临床价值。结果:62例中,DSCT冠状动脉成像检出冠状动脉狭窄轻度、中度、重度及闭塞的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为98.7%、96.9%、98.8%、75.6%、99.9%,99.5%、91.1%、100%、100%、99.4%,99.0%、83.9%、99.6%、86.7%、99.4%,与CAG比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),2种检查方法存在关联。结论 :DSCT冠状动脉成像图像质量优良,与CAG结果相近,已成为临床冠心病筛查的重要检查方法之一。     

128层CT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉变异的诊断价值

目的:探讨128层CT对冠状动脉变异的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院行冠状动脉CTA检查后发现的69例冠状动脉变异患者的图像,对所有图像分别行VR、MPR、MIP和CPR等,观察冠状动脉开口、起源、走行、分布及与周围血管的关系。结果:所有受检者中共发现存在冠状动脉变异69例(82处),右冠状动脉高位开口2例,其中起源变异共32例,走行异常42例,终止异常2例,发育不良或未发育6例。结论:128层CT冠状动脉成像可清晰显示冠状动脉起源、行程及终止的异常,从而为临床提供高质量的影像诊断。     

128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像筛查冠状动脉病变的临床价值

目的以选择性冠状动脉造影（SCA）为标准,评价128层螺旋cT冠状动脉血管成像（CTA）诊断冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的临床价值。方法回顾我院52例做过冠状动脉CTA与SCA的冠心病患者,进行对照分析。结果128层螺旋cT冠状动脉CTA可获得较好的图像质量,52例患者中,CTA成像检出心肌桥16例,血管内斑块形成98处;17例一侧明显型优势冠状动脉,冠状动脉狭窄86支,包括轻度狭窄22支、中度狭窄24支、重度狭窄40支,SCA诊断心肌桥6例,冠状动脉狭窄84支,包括轻度狭窄22支、中度狭窄21支、重度狭窄41支。结论冠状动脉CTA与SCA相比,不仅能对冠状动脉粥样硬化的狭窄程度作出判断,还可以对粥样斑块的病理性质、斑块的稳定性以及心肌桥提出明确诊断,可以用于CAD的筛查,几乎能代替诊断性的冠状动脉造影。     

双源CT低管电压技术在超重患者冠状动脉成像中的应用

目的 探讨在超重患者双源CT冠状动脉成像中低管电压技术的应用价值,评价其图像质量和辐射剂量.方法 将66例接受双源CT冠状动脉检查,体质量<85 kg、且体质量指数(BMI)为25.0～30.0 ks/m2的患者完全随机化分为A、B 2组.A组30例,管电压为120 kVp;B组36例,管电压为100 kVp.所有患者均采用回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描和四维智能在线剂量调控(CARE Dose 4D)技术,严格控制扫描范围.对2组的扫描数据分别进行多种图像后处理,由影像科副主任医师和副主任技师各1名采用双盲法评估图像质量.测量并计算信噪比(SNR)、对比信噪比(CNR).记录CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积(DLP),计算有效辐射剂量(ED).应用两独立样本t检验比较2组患者图像ROI的CT值、噪声、SNR、CNR、辐射剂量及对比剂用量、图像质量评分等.应用X2检验比较两组患者冠状动脉图像质量分级显示段数.应用Kappa检验判断2名评价者评分的一致性.以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 图像ROI内CT值、噪声(以标准差SD计算)、SNR测量值:A组右冠状动脉(RCA)起始部分别为(429.3±77.4)HU,24.0±8.2、21.8±9.9,左冠状动脉主干(LMA)起始部分别为(436.7±79.0)HU、19.4±7.3、22.3±9.8;B组RCA分别为(503.5±95.4)HU、34.0±12.6、21.0±10.7,LMA分别为(491.7±96.2)HU、33.4±15.5、20.6±11.4;CNR测量值:A组为24.4±10.3,B组为21.9±8.2.2组患者冠状动脉血管腔内强化平均CT值、噪声比较,B组大于A组,差异有统汁学意义(P值均<0.05);2组间SNR、CNR筹异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);2组CTDIvol比较,A组为(42.2±13.8)mGy,B组为(20.2±6.5)mGy,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组ED为(9.5±3.6)roSy,B组为(4.8±1.7)mSv,差异有统汁学意义(P<0.05);A组图像质量评分为(4.5±1.0)分,B组为(4.7±0.5)分,筹异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A绀评价383段冠状动脉,图像优良者377段(98.4%)B组评价490段冠状动脉,图像优良者483段(98.6%).结论 对于BMI在25.0～30.0 kg/m2的患者,使用100 kVp管电压配合CARE Dose 4D技术进行双源CT冠状动脉检查,可以获得较好的图像质量,并且可以显著降低辐射剂量.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the image quality and the radiation dose of dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography by using low kilovohage combination with low tube current in overweight patients.Methods Sixty-six patients with body mass inde,(BMI)25.(0-30.0 kg/m2 and a body weight<85 kg were randomized two groups(group A and group B).Thirty patients in group A were examined with 120 kVp,and 36 patients in group B with 100 kVp.ECG-pulsing and care dose 4D for radiation dose reduction were used in all patients.All images were transferred to Siemens workstation for post processing and analysis.Two observers blimted to clinical data independently assessed the image quality of each coronary segment by using a 5-point scoring scale(5:excellent,1:no diagnostic).and measured the different image parameters including image noise,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).The effective dose(ED)was calculated by using CT dose volume index(CTDIvol)and the doselength product (DLP). The mean intraluminal attenuation, image noise, SNR, CNR, radiation dose,volume of contrast medium, and mean image quality scores were compared between the two groups with t test. The grading quantity of coronary artery segment was compared with Chi-square test. The interobserver agreement was determined by Kappa statistics. Results The mean intraluminal attenuation, image noise,SNR in group A were (429. 3±77.4 ) HU, 24.0±8.2, 21.8±9. 9 in right coronary artery ( RCA), and (436. 7±79. 0) HU, 19.4±7.3, 22. 3±9. 8 in left main coronary artery (LMA ), and that in group B were (503.5±95.4) HU, 34.0±12.6, 21.0±10.7 in RCA, and (491.7±96.2) HU, 33.4±15.5,20.6±11.4 in LMA. The CNR were 24.4±10.3 in group A and 21.9±8.2 in group B. The mean intraluminal attenuation and image noise were significantly higher for group B compared with group A ( P <0. 05 ). There were no difference in SNR and CNR between the two groups ( P > 0. 05 ). Estimated ED in group B was significantly lower than that in group A [CTDIvol = (42. 2±13. 8) mGy, ED = (9. 5±3.6)mSv in group A vs. CTDIvol = ( 20. 2±6.5 ) mGy, ED = (4. 8±1.7 ) mSv in group B ; each P < 0. 05 ].Mean image quality scores were not significantly different between two groups ( 4. 5±1.0 in group A vs.4. 7±0. 5 in group B, P > 0. 05 ). A total of 383 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 490 segments in group B. The difference of grading quantity of coronary artery segment was no statistical significant between two groups. Conclusions 100 kVp combination with ECC-pulsing and CARE Dose 4D of dual-source CTCA was valuable for patients with BMI ranging from 25 to 30 kg/m2 which have a better image quality and low radiatiun dose.     

双源CT冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉硬化性心脏病诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨双源CT冠状动脉成像(dual-source cr coronary angiography,DSCTCA)在冠心病诊断及分型中的临床价值。方法:对82例疑诊为冠心病的患者分别行DSCTCA和冠状动脉造影(coronary arteriography,CAG)检查,以CAG检查作为评价冠状动脉狭窄、诊断冠心病的金标准,计算DSCTCA诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性和准确性,并分析DSCTCA和CAG评价冠状动脉狭窄的一致性。将确诊的冠心病患者分为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组和急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组,比较2组动脉粥样硬化斑块的CT值和偏心性。结果:DSCTCA诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为96.1%、96.8%、96.3%;DSCTCA评估冠状动脉狭窄与CAG一致性良好(K=0.859);ACS组粥样硬化斑块的CT值低于SAP组,偏心性斑块所占比例高于SAP组,SAP组正性重构率高于ACS组,负性重构率低于ACS组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论:DSCTCA评价冠状动脉狭窄与CAG具有较高的一致性,在冠心病的诊断和分型中具有重要价值。     

双源CT在主动脉弓断离诊断中的价值

目的 探讨双源CT(DSCT)门控下低剂量扫描在主动脉弓断离诊断中的价值.方法 对9例主动脉弓断离患儿行DSCT门控下低剂量心胸联合血管成像扫描并进行胸部动脉血管重建,进行诊断.所有患儿同时行心脏彩色多普勒(CDFI)检查,2种检查方法 在3 d内完成.所有患儿均行手术治疗.结果 9例行DSCT门控下低剂量心胸联合血管成像均成功完成,DSCT均诊断为主动脉弓断离,其中伴有室间隔缺损(VSD)9例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)8例、冠状动脉起源异常3例、支气管动脉扩张2例.断离后降主动脉的血液来源于肺动脉8例、肋间动脉和头臂动脉1例.CDFI诊断主动脉弓断离7例、动脉单干1例、主动脉缩窄1例,其中伴有VSD 9例、PDA 8例.5例断离后主动脉弓血液来源于肺动脉,1例断离后降主动脉的血液来源于肋间动脉及头臂动脉未能显示,1例显示支气管动脉扩张.与手术结果 对照:DSCT诊断准确率为94.12%(32/34处),CDFI诊断准确率为82.35%(28/34 处).结论 DSCT是诊断主动脉弓断离的有效方法 .     

双源CT血管成像对冠状动脉瘘的诊断价值

目的 探讨双源CT血管成像(DSCTA)在先天性冠状动脉瘘(CAF)诊断中的应用价值.方法 分析68例接受回顾性心电门控冠状动脉DSCTA的CAF患者影像资料,进行容积再现(VR)、多平面重建(MPR)、最大密发投影(MIP)、曲面重建(CPR)后确定诊断.结果 68例CAF中,瘘口位于肺动脉18例,右心室31例,左心室16例,上控静脉3例;CAF瘘支血管起源右冠状动脉33例,左冠状动脉30例,左、右冠状动脉双侧起源5例.瘘支血管影像表现为增宽、迂曲28例,扩张、动脉瘤26例,迂曲的血管网18例.结论 冠状动脉DSCTA方便、快捷、无创,可以作为诊断先天性冠状动脉瘘的首选方法.     

负荷心肌灌注显像与双源CT冠脉成像诊断冠心病的对比研究

目的:通过对心肌灌注显像(MPI)与心脏双源CT(DSCT)检查结果进行对比分析,探讨两者对冠心病的临床诊断价值.方法:对38例拟诊为冠心病的患者行MPI及心脏DSCT检查;分别对MPI图像及DSCT图像进行分析处理,其中29例经冠状动脉造影(CAG)证实为冠心病.结果:DSCT显示有29例冠脉狭窄程度＞50％,其中大...     

双源CT冠状动脉成像的临床研究

目的评价双源螺旋CT冠状动脉成像（DSCTA）的临床价值。方法对1278例临床可疑冠心病患者（男830例,年龄（57.7±9.3）岁,女448例,年龄（50.3±10.5）岁）的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中,24例合并主动脉瓣损害（钙化或增厚）,35例合并二尖瓣损害,4例合并肺栓塞,5例合并主动脉壁内血肿,1例合并主动脉夹层,房颤63例,房性早搏27例,室性早搏13例,均经DSCT心电门控增强扫描,60例同期行冠状动脉造影。结果 485例心率小于75次/min,503例心率在75～85次/min之间,290例心率大于85次/min,最高心率127次/min。平均心率小于75次/min的患者,最佳重建时相在40%～80%R-R间期内。平均心率大于等于75次/min的患者,最佳重建时相在20%～80%R-R间期范围内。1278例扫描图像中,1例由于主动脉瓣重度关闭不全,血管显影淡,不能满足诊断。6例心律不齐患者图像质量差,不能满足诊断。60例与选择性冠状动脉造影对照,灵敏度89.23%,特异度91.75%,阳性预测值92.06%,阴性预测值88.83%。结论 DSCTA基本不受心率限制,可清楚显示由于钙化或纤维斑块引起的冠状动脉狭窄程度,可作为冠心病筛查首选,特别是对合并有心律不齐或合并心脏瓣膜病患者。     

Prevalence and morphology of coronary artery ectasia with dual-source CT coronary angiography

To assess the prevalence and morphological characteristics of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) with CT coronary angiography (CTCA) in comparison to conventional catheterangiography (CCA). Dual-source CTCA examinations from 677 consecutive patients (223 women; median age 57 years) were retrospectively evaluated by two blinded observers for the presence of CAE defined as a diameter enlargement ≥1.5 times the diameter of adjacent normal coronary segments. Vessel diameters and contrast attenuation within and proximal to ectatic segments were measured. CCA was used to compare measurements obtained from CTCA with the coronary flow velocity by using the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count. CTCA identified CAE in 20 of 677 (3%) patients. CCA was performed in ten of these patients. CAE diameter measurements with CTCA (10.0 ± 5.4 mm) correlated significantly (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) with the CCA measurements (8.8 ± 4.9 mm), but had higher diameters (levels of agreement: −1.0 to 3.4 mm). Contrast attenuation was significantly lower in the ectatic (343 ± 63 HU) than in the proximal (394 ± 60 HU) segments (p < 0.01). The attenuation difference significantly correlated with the CAE ratio (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) and the TIMI frame count (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). The prevalence of CAE in a population examined by CTCA is around 3%. Contrast attenuation measurements with CTCA correlate well with the flow alterations assessed with CCA.     

Efficacy of dual-source CT coronary angiography in evaluating coronary stenosis: initial experience

ObjectiveTo retrospectively assess the diagnostic efficacy of dual-source CT angiography (DSCTA) in detecting and grading coronary stenosis.MethodsInstitutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. One hundred ten patients were performed with both DSCTA and conventional coronary angiography (CCA) without heart rate or rhythm control in 1 week. Regarding CCA as the gold standard, the assessable rate of coronary arteries and diagnostic value of coronary stenosis using DSCTA were analyzed, respectively. The intermodality agreement between DSCTA and CCA in grading coronary stenosis was assessed using κ test. The value of DSCTA in diagnosing >50% coronary stenoses was also assessed.ResultsThe overall assessable rate of DSCTA was 98.6% in detecting coronary arteries; there was no significant difference between assessable rates from different groups of heart rate (χ²=0.45, P > .05). The efficacy of DSCTA was of 97.9% sensitivity, 97.3% specificity, 90.4% positive predictive value, and 99.4% negative predictive value for coronary stenosis; and 94.7% sensitivity, 96.8% specificity, 83.7% positive predictive value, and 99% negative predictive value for >50% stenoses. The intermodality agreement in diagnosing coronary stenosis was satisfactory (k=0.87, u=58.46, P<.01).ConclusionsAs an effective noninvasive diagnostic tool, DSCTA yields a promising accuracy and reliability in assessing coronary stenosis. It may be recommended as a valuable screening tool for coronary artery disease, and a potential challenge to CCA as well.     

冠状动脉钙化筛查：欧洲心脏放射学会及北美放射学会对心血管成像的现状分析及建议

回顾了目前有关筛查普通和特殊人群冠状动脉钙化对心脏病风险评估的现用指南和文献。结果显示不管是普通人群还是特殊人群,冠状动脉钙化零积分可以排除大部分临床相关冠状动脉性疾病。讨论了利用多层螺旋CT建立冠状动脉钙化测量标准化的重要性。     

冠状动脉CT和MR血管成像诊断粥样硬化斑块和狭窄的对比研究

目的 探讨不同成分的斑块对管腔狭窄的影响以及CT和MR血管成像（CTA、MRA）诊断不同成分斑块所致狭窄的准确性。方法 30例冠心病患者在2周内行冠状动脉CTA、MRA和冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查。CTA采用16层螺旋CT，MRA采用屏气三维快速稳态平衡进动（FIESTA）技术。CTA上将斑块分为非钙化和钙化斑块，由2名有经验的放射科医师双盲评价这2种斑块在CTA和MRA上引起的显著性狭窄（≥50％）。以CAG为标准，评价CTA和MRA诊断显著性狭窄的准确性和一致性。结果 30例冠心病患者CTA共发现53个斑块，其中有28个非钙化斑块和25个钙化斑块。28个非钙化斑块中，CAG显示非显著性狭窄（〈50％）7个，显著性狭窄（≥50％）21个。CTA和MRA诊断非钙化斑块显著性狭窄的敏感性和特异性分别为85．7％、85．7％和47．6％、71．4％。CTA与CAG一致性好（Kappa值为0．65）。25个钙化斑块中，CAG显示非显著性狭窄19个，显著性狭窄6个。CTA和MRA诊断钙化斑块显著性狭窄的敏感性和特异性分别为83．3％、31．6％和83．3％、73．7％，MRA与CAG一致性较好（Kappa值为0．46）。非钙化和钙化斑块在CAG上发生显著性狭窄的概率有统计学意义（X^2=11．78，P〈0．01）。结论 非钙化斑块和以非钙化成分为主的混合斑块是导致显著性狭窄的主要原因。完全钙化的斑块不引起或仅引起〈50％的狭窄。CTA诊断非钙化斑块引起的显著性狭窄有很好的准确性，而MRA评价严重钙化斑块引起的管腔变化有明显优势。