彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断孤立性单心房

应用彩色多普勒超声心动图（ＣＤＥ）检查１２例孤立性单心房（ＩＳＡ），结果１０例诊断正确，２例误诊为部分房室隔缺损。本病ＣＤＥ表现为二维超声心动图（２ＤＥ）在四腔心切面显示房间隔回声全部失落；彩色多普勒（ＣＤ）显示收缩期过二尖瓣／三尖瓣五彩相间返流束血流信号。结果表明ＣＤＥ是诊断ＩＳＡ一种实用的检查方法，诊断的关键是判断房间隔回声全部失落。如条件允许做经食道超声心动图检查，可提高诊断准确率。     

M型、二维及动态三维超声与核素测量冠心病左室收缩功能的对比研究

目的：探讨经胸超声尤其三维超声对冠心病的应用价值。方法：使用超声心动图五种方法检测了１４ 例冠心病左室ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ、ＳＶ和ＥＦ，并与核素（ＳＰＥＣＴ） 结果进行了比较分析。结果：①超声诸方法除Ｍ型外，各项测值与ＳＰＥＣＴ结果比较均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５） ，而以３ＤＥ 测量误差值最小；②３ＤＥ 诸测值及Ｍ 型和２ＤＥ 诸方法除ＳＶ 测值外，均与ＳＰＥＣＴ高度相关（ Ｐ＜０ ．０１） ，尤以３ＤＥ相关性最好；③２ＤＥ诸方法所测值与３ＤＥ无显著差异（ Ｐ＞０．０５），尤以ＳＩＭＰＳＯＮ和Ａ－ Ｌ法测值与３ＤＥ最为接近。结论：超声心动图诸方法除Ｍ 型外测定冠心病左室收缩功能有较好的准确性和可信度，应首选３ＤＥ，在无３ＤＥ检测条件时，尽可能采用ＳＩＭＰＳＯＮ和Ａ－ Ｌ法，而弃用Ｍ 型法。     

18F-FDG心肌PET显像检测存活心肌的临床评价

目的 评价＾１８Ｆ－脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）ＰＥＴ心肌葡萄糖代谢与＾９９ｍＴｃ－甲氧基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）心肌灌注显像相结合对存活心肌的诊断价值。方法 ９０例临床确认为陈旧性心肌梗塞（ＯＭＩ）患者，男８０例，女１０例，平均年龄５５．８±９．７岁。所有患者行心肌灌注显像和心肌代谢显像，均做超声心动图心功能测定，其中７６例做冠状动脉造影。血运重建术后，３６例复查超声心动图，测定心功能（Ａ组）；２４例复查心肌灌     

婴幼儿冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的影像诊断价值附文献复习

【摘要】 目的：探讨64排CT及超声心动图对冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉（ACAPA）的诊断价值。方法：搜集2014年6月-2015年9月冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的5例患者的临床及影像资料,结合文献分析其影像学表现。结果：超声心动图及MSCT对5例ACAPA诊断明确。MSCT显示右侧冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉右窦1例,左侧冠状动脉起源于肺动脉2例,左冠状动脉前降支及回旋支共干起源于肺动脉1例,左副冠状动脉起源于主动脉左窦1例。结论：超声心动图及MSCT可明确诊断ACAPA,在临床上可作为诊断冠状动脉起源异常的常规检查方法。     

超声诊断先天性二叶式主动脉瓣(附17例报告)

的：为评价彩色多普勒超声心动图对先天性二叶式主动脉瓣的诊断价值，本文分析了１７例先天性二叶式主动脉瓣的超声心动图特点。方法：采用常规Ｍ型及两维ＵＣＧ切面，重点观察主动脉根部短轴切面，左心长轴切面及Ｍ型４区图形。结果：ＵＣＧ可清楚显示主动脉瓣叶数目、形态及运动状况，了解是否合并其它畸形及有无主动脉瓣上赘生物形成。利用频谱多普勒可了解瓣膜的功能状况。结论：超声心动图是诊断二叶式主动脉瓣的最有效方法。     

急性心肌梗塞后左室重构及左心功能的分析与研究

应用二维超声心动图（２ＤＥ）对３例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者的左室形态，容积及左室射血分数（ＥＦ）等参数进行了分析与研究。结果显示：有左室重构者１４例，其左心功能指标与非重构组有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。据此认为：应用２ＤＥ对ＡＭＩ患者左室重构与左心功能进行评价，作为预报ＡＭＩ患者的危险因素，有着重要意义。     

多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图在非典型胸痛病人中的应用

自１９８４年Ｐａｌａｃ首先报道多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图（ＤＳＥＴ）用于诊断冠心病以来，由于灵敏度及特异度高，副作用少，方法简便，其应用范围不断扩大。近年来，ＤＳＥＴ在急、门诊非典型胸痛病人诊断中的应用价值颇受重视；对于ＤＳＥＴ阳性病人，提示需住院治疗...     

IDD型矫正性大动脉转位的彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断

目的：探索ＩＤＤ型矫正性大动脉转位（ＣＴＧＡ）的彩色多普勒超声心动图（ＣＤＥ）图像特征。材料和方法：应用ＣＤＥ检查１１例ＩＤＤ型ＣＴＧＡ,均经心血管造影和手术证实。结果：１０例诊断正确,１例误诊为ＴａｕｓｉｎｇＢｉｎｇ综合征。结论：用ＣＤＥ诊断ＩＤＤ型ＣＴＧＡ检查者必须熟练掌握本病解剖;在ＣＤＥ检查中,应用二维超声心动图（２ＤＥ）判断心房反位、心室右袢和大动脉右转位是正确诊断本病的关键;ＣＤＥ诊断本病心内合并畸形有一定难度,但对外科拟定手术方案具有重要临床价值     

超声心动图与心电图诊断高血压病左心室肥厚的对比研究

目的：比较超声心动图（ＵＣＧ）与心电图（ＥＣＧ）对高血压病左心室肥厚的诊断准确率。材料和方法：对１１５例高血压病患者同时行ＵＣＧ和ＥＣＧ检查。结果：超声心动图检出左心室肥厚者６７例（５２．２％），心电图检出率２６例（２２．５％）。如将ＵＣＧ诊断作为金标准则ＥＣＧ诊断左心室肥厚的敏感性为３８．８％，特异性为８９．６％，准确率为６０．０％。结论：ＵＣＧ是诊断高血压病左心室肥厚较为可靠的无创伤性方法。     

超声检查在急性肺栓塞诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声检查在急性肺栓塞诊断中的应用价值。方法 对临床综合诊断为急性肺栓塞的15例病人行超声心动图检查，综合分析。结果 经超声心动图检查15例患者，发现右房内血栓1例，肺动脉内血栓1例。15例均有右心负荷过重表现，伴有不同程度的三尖瓣返流，返流速度加快，肺动脉压明显增高。7例发现下肢深静脉内血栓。结论 超声心动图在肺动脉栓塞病人的筛查、评价患者的右心功能及疗效方面有重要价值。     

临床表现不典型感染性心内膜炎的超声诊断价值

目的:评价超声心动图对临床表现不典型的感染性心内膜炎(IE)的诊断价值。方法:对由超声心动图检查发现的26例IE患者特征进行分析总结。结果:①明确器质性心脏病基础17例(占65%),包括先天性心脏病8例,风湿性心脏病9例;②无明确心脏基础病变者9例,包括4例静脉药瘾者。全部病例均追踪随访,其中16例外科手术证实。结论:超声能为临床提供不典型IE患者的基础心脏病因、诊断、鉴别诊断、指导治疗和判断预后等具有重要价值的信息。     

Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis in patients with an implanted cardiac device: a prospective study

Purpose

Infective endocarditis (IE) is widely underdiagnosed or diagnosed after a major delay. The diagnosis is currently based on the modified DUKE criteria, where the only validated imaging technique is echocardiography, and remains challenging especially in patients with an implantable cardiac device. The aim of this study was to assess the incremental diagnostic role of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in patients with an implanted cardiac device and suspected IE.

Methods

We prospectively analysed 27 consecutive patients with an implantable device evaluated for suspected device-related IE between January 2011 and June 2013. The diagnostic probability of IE was defined at presentation according to the modified DUKE criteria. PET/CT was performed as soon as possible following the clinical suspicion of IE. Patients then underwent medical or surgical treatment based on the overall clinical evaluation. During follow-up, we considered: lead cultures in patients who underwent extraction, direct inspection and lead cultures in those who underwent surgery, and a clinical/instrumental reevaluation after at least 6 months in patients who received antimicrobial treatment or had an alternative diagnosis and were not treated for IE. After the follow-up period, the diagnosis was systematically reviewed by the multidisciplinary team using the modified DUKE criteria and considering the new findings.

Results

Among the ten patients with a positive PET/CT scan, seven received a final diagnosis of “definite IE”, one of “possible IE” and two of “IE rejected”. Among the 17 patients with a negative PET/CT scan, four were false-negative and received a final diagnosis of definite IE. These patients underwent PET/CT after having started antibiotic therapy (≥48 h) or had a technically suboptimal examination.

Conclusion

In patients with a cardiac device, PET/CT increases the diagnostic accuracy of the modified Duke criteria for IE, particularly in the subset of patients with possible IE in whom it may help the clinician manage a challenging situation.     

Infective endocarditis of a rare etiology (Serratia marcescens)

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It is a severe disease, fatal before penicillin discovery. Atypical presentations frequently led to delayed diagnosis and poor outcome. There was little information about the natural history of the vegetations during medical treatment or the relation of morphologic changes in vegetation to late complications. Application of a new diagnostic criteria and echocardiography, increased the number of definite diagnosis. Trans-thoracic and trans-esophageal echocardiography had an established role in the management of patients with IE. The evolution of vegetation size, its mobility, and consistency, the extent of the disease, and the severity of valvular regurgutation were related to late complications. With therapeutic options including modern antibiotic treatment and early surgical intervention IE turned out to be a curable disease. Reduction in mortality also depended on prevention. Antibiotic prophylaxis of IE was important, but low mortality was also the result of early treatment, especially in the event of early recognition of symptoms and signs of the disease.     

Evaluation of Tc-99m-labeled glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist DMP444 SPECT in patients with infective endocarditis

PURPOSE: Infective endocarditis (IE) is characterized by aggregation of activated platelets, fibrin, and bacteria. DMP444, a high-affinity glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, binds to the fibrinogen-binding domain of activated platelets, depicting a key feature of IE. Tc-99m DMP444 scintigraphy was studied in a group of patients with possible IE. METHODS: Tc-99m DMP444 (600 MBq; 16 mCi) planar and SPECT images of the heart were recorded in patients with possible IE for as long as 6 hours after injection. Results were compared to echocardiography and the Duke classification. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (age range, 37 to 78 years) participated. DMP444 imaging was positive on SPECT in five patients, and all had definite endocarditis (affecting both prosthetic and native valves). Eleven patients were DMP444 negative, seven with no proof of IE. The remaining four patients were classified as having IE, but three had been receiving adequate intravenous antibiotic regimens for > or = 2 weeks at the time of scintigraphy and one had Q-fever endocarditis. CONCLUSIONS: DMP444 SPECT allows in vivo visualization of IE if it is performed within 1 to 2 weeks after the start of antibiotic treatment. Given the high affinity of DMP444 for activated platelets, the results indicate the involvement of activated platelets in early IE.     

Cardiac computed tomography as a viable alternative to echocardiography to detect vegetations and perivalvular complications in patients with infective endocarditis

Purpose

We considered cardiac computed tomography (CT) as a possible alternative modality to echocardiography in the assessment of infective endocarditis (IE). We evaluated the diagnostic capability of preoperative CT.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively evaluated the depiction of vegetations and perivalvular complications in preoperative cardiac CT images of 14 patients diagnosed with IE who required surgical intervention, who were seen at our institution from May 30, 2008 to February 3, 2017. We compared the CT findings with those of TTE and TEE assessments, and intraoperative findings.

Results

Cardiac CT correctly identified intraoperatively proven vegetations in 12 out of 13 (92.3%) patients and demonstrated 100% sensitivity and positive predictive value in depicting vegetations in the aortic valve and 100% sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in depicting pseudoaneurysm as perivalvular complications. CT offered superior identification of pseudoaneurysm to that with echocardiography and detected vegetations as small as 6 mm in maximal length. Vegetation size correlated well between TEE and CT.

Conclusion

Favorable comparison of CT and echocardiography in detecting vegetations and perivalvular complications in patients diagnosed with IE suggested potential for expansion in the use of CT for evaluating organic lesions in patients suspected or diagnosed with IE.

     

彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断主动脉缩窄

目的:探讨多普勒超声心动图对主动脉缩窄的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析10例主动脉缩窄患者多普勒超声心动图检查结果与手术所见。结果:10例患者术前超声心动图检查诊断正确8例,漏诊2例(其中升主动脉管性缩窄1例,主动脉嵴部缩窄1例)。结论:彩色多普勒超声心动图能准确显示主动脉缩窄部位;动脉导管未闭(PDA)患者应常规探查主动脉弓及降主动脉。     

心内膜垫缺损的MRI诊断及其与超声心动图对比研究

目的:评价MRI诊断心内膜垫缺损(ECD)的价值和限度.方法:11例ECD患者,术前均行超声心动图和MRI检查,将诊断结果与手术病理对照.结果:MRI诊断ECD有11例,其中部分型心内膜垫缺损(PECD)6例,完全型心内膜垫缺损(CECD)5例;超声心动图诊断ECD有9例,1例CECD误诊为法乐四联症,1例CECD误诊为右室双出口.结论:MRI能较好的显示ECD的解剖畸形和复杂的血流动力学改变,在判断心脏血管畸形方面优于超声心动图,两种方法在诊断ECD中应互为补充.     

Imaging of infective endocarditis with cardiac CT angiography

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality that can present with a spectrum of clinical and imaging findings. Cardiac-gated computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has been shown to be highly accurate in evaluation of both coronary artery disease and structural heart disease and is now considered an appropriate preoperative imaging modality in patients undergoing noncoronary cardiac surgery. This review discusses the use of cardiac-gated CTA in preoperative evaluation of patients with IE, with emphasis on imaging findings of valvular and perivalvular complications. Topics include technique tips specific to valve imaging with cardiac-gated CTA, potential benefits of cardiac-gated CTA compared with other imaging modalities such as echocardiography, limitations of imaging patients with IE with cardiac-gated CTA, and an overview of potential findings in patients with IE, including vegetations, valve perforations, perivalvular abscesses, perivalvular pseudoaneurysms, and fistulas. Throughout this review, cardiac-gated CTA findings of IE are presented with echocardiographic and operative correlation to emphasize that cardiac-gated CTA may in select cases provide incremental benefit in the preoperative assessment of patients with IE.     

Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of <Superscript>18</Superscript>F-FDG PET/CT in prosthetic infective endocarditis and cardiac implantable electronic device infection: comparison of different interpretation criteria

Purpose

The diagnosis of prosthetic valve (PV) infective endocarditis (IE) and infection of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) remains challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in these patients and analyse the interpretation criteria.

Methods

We included 41 patients suspected of having IE by the Duke criteria who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. The criteria applied for classifying the findings as positive/negative for IE were: (a) visual analysis of only PET images with attenuation-correction (AC PET images); (b) visual analysis of both AC PET images and PET images without AC (NAC PET images); (c) qualitative analysis of NAC PET images; and (d) semiquantitative analysis of AC PET images. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was considered positive for IE independently of the intensity and distribution of FDG uptake. The gold standard was the Duke pathological criteria (if tissue was available) or the decision of an endocarditis expert team after a minimum 4 months follow-up.

Results

We studied 62 areas with suspicion of IE, 28 areas (45 %) showing definite IE and 34 (55 %) showing possible IE. Visual analysis of only AC PET images showed poor diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 20 %, specificity 57 %). Visual analysis of both AC PET and NAC PET images showed excellent sensitivity (100 %) and intermediate specificity (73 %), focal uptake being more frequently associated with IE. The accuracy of qualitative analysis of NAC PET images depended on the threshold: the maximum sensitivity, specificity and accuracy achieved were 88 %, 80 %, 84 %, respectively. In the semiquantitative analysis of AC PET images, SUVmax was higher in areas of confirmed IE than in those without IE (?SUVmax 2.2, p?<?0.001). When FDG uptake was twice that in the liver, IE was always confirmed, and SUVmax 5.5 was the optimal threshold for IE diagnosis using ROC curve analysis (area under the curve 0.71).

Conclusion

The value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of suspected IE of PVs and CIEDs is highly dependent on patient preparation and the method used for image interpretation. Based on our results, the best method is to consider a study positive for IE when FDG uptake is present in both AC PET and NAC PET images.

     

心脾综合征的多普勒超声心动图诊断

目的:探讨多普勒超声心动图对心脾综合征的诊断价值,分析其心脏伴随畸形漏诊及误诊原因,提高对心脾综合征诊断的准确率。方法:本文总结了221例心脾综合征患儿的超声检测结果,并与其心血管造影或磁共振检查结果进行对照。结果:超声心动图诊断为心脾综合征与心导管或磁共振结论符合者199例(占90.0%),诊断不符合者22例(占10.0%)。结论:多普勒超声心动图可以较准确地诊断心脾综合征,但对其心脏伴随畸形检出的准确率尚待进一步提高。