双氯芬酸钠药物树脂复合物的体外释放特性

目的:制备双氯芬酸钠药物树脂复合物,对其体外释药动力学进行考察。方法:采用不同交联度的离子交换树脂以静态法制备双氯芬酸钠药物树脂复合物并对双氯芬酸钠药物树脂复合物释放的影响因素进行考察。结果:随着树脂交联度的减小,树脂对双氯芬酸钠的载药速率变快,载药量增加。体外释药动力学研究表明,双氯芬酸钠药物树脂的释药速率随着温度的升高和溶出介质中离子强度的增大而加快;而且与树脂本身性质也有关,释药速率随着树脂交联度和粒径的减小而增大;双氯芬酸钠药物树脂的释放为pH依赖型。结论:双氯芬酸钠药物树脂的释药速率与释放温度、溶出介质的离子强度和pH值及树脂交联度和粒径有关。     

口服双氯芬酸钠pH敏感性水凝胶球研究

目的：以N-琥珀酰壳聚糖、海藻酸钠为载体,制备口服双氯芬酸钠pH敏感性水凝胶小球,并考察该水凝胶小球在不同pH环境中的释放行为。方法：通过正交试验优选口服双氯芬酸钠pH敏感性水凝胶小球最佳制备工艺。采用红外光谱和电子显微镜扫描对其进行结构表征,并考察该水凝胶小球在体外不同pH环境、人工胃液及人工肠液中的释放行为,揭示其在体外不同环境中的pH敏感性释放机制。结果：该水凝胶小球最佳处方组成为：N-琥珀酰壳聚糖浓度为1％(w/v),海藻酸钠浓度为1％(w/v),氯化钙浓度为1.5％(w/v),药物与海藻酸钠质量比为3∶5(g/g);口服双氯芬酸钠pH敏感性水凝胶小球具有明显的pH敏感性,在人工胃液中3 h的累积释放度小于22%,在人工肠液中11 h的累积释放度可达98%。结论：口服双氯芬酸钠pH敏感性水凝胶小球可望成为具有时辰药理学特性的pH敏感性肠道释药系统。     

双氯芬酸钠壳聚糖明胶复合微球的释药机制研究

目的制备双氯芬酸钠壳聚糖明胶复合微球(DS-CGMs),探讨其体外释药机制。方法建立DS-CGMs体外释放度的测定方法;研究药物从微球中释放的影响因素;分别考查双氯芬酸钠明胶微球(DS-GMs)、双氯芬酸钠壳聚糖微球(DS-CMs)及DS-CGMs的体外释药情况,并通过数学原理和相关模型探讨其释放行为和机制。结果DS-GMs、DS-CMs以扩散和骨架溶蚀作用释放,而DS-CGMs呈骨架溶蚀作用机制,具有更好的缓释效果。结论获得较为满意的DS-CGMs,其体外释药具有一定的缓释性。     

双氯芬酸钠贴片的制备及体外释放、透皮吸收测定分析

目的探讨双氯芬酸钠贴片的制备方法,分析其体外释放与透皮吸收能力。方法制备以聚丙烯酸酯为骨架的双氯芬酸钠贴片,进行体外透皮与释放度试验、制备DCF标准曲线、进行DCF贴片释放度试验,用蛇皮进行体外经皮渗透试验,以改进Franz扩散池检验药物的经皮渗透性能。结果成功制作了以聚丙烯酸酯为骨架的双氯芬酸钠贴片,测定显示,双氯芬酸钠贴片的体外释放速率为21.98μg/(cm2 h1/2),体外透皮速率为17.97μg/(cm2 h1/2)。结论本次研究制定的双氯芬酸钠贴片的释放度曲线与24h累计渗透量与Higuchi方程相符合,是一种新型的缓释型外用制剂。     

双氯芬酸钠贴片的制备及体外释放、透皮吸收测定

目的:制备双氯芬酸钠贴片,研究其体外释放、透皮吸收性能.方法:制备以聚丙烯酸酯为骨架的双氯芬酸钠贴片,以蛇皮为模型,采用改进Franz扩散池考察药物经皮渗透性能,并按中国药典方法考察了贴片的体外释放性能.结果:双氯芬酸钠贴片体外释放速率为21.98μg·cm-2·h1/2,体外透皮速率为17.97 μg·cm-2·h-1/2.结论:双氯芬酸钠贴片释放度曲线及24 h累计渗透量均符合Higuchi方程,是一种新颖的缓释型外用制剂.     

熔融高速搅拌法制备双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊的研究

目的研究熔融高速搅拌法制备双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊及其体外释药行为。方法采用KJZ-10型熔融高速搅拌制粒机制备含药微丸,以微丸体外释放度为指标,考察处方工艺因素对微丸体外释放度的影响,通过释放度曲线药动力学拟合确定微丸缓释机制。结果双氯芬酸钠微丸体外释放行为符合Higuchi方程Y=35.43t1/2-16.1523（r=0.9988）,释药机制主要是骨架溶蚀和扩散释放。结论该技术制备的双氯芬酸钠缓释微丸具有较好的释药性能及良好的缓释效果。     

自制双氯芬酸钠缓释片及其与原研药扶他林缓释片的体外释放一致性研究

目的 :采用乙基纤维素和羟丙甲纤维素为缓释材料制备双氯芬酸钠缓释片,并与原研药扶他林缓释片(Voltaren Retard,100 mg/片)比较体外释放的一致性.方法 :先将双氯芬酸钠原料药与乳糖混匀,于流化床中以固含量10%乙基纤维素的95%乙醇溶液制粒.干燥后的颗粒再与羟丙甲纤维素混匀,加入硬脂酸镁后压制成双氯芬酸钠缓释骨架片,最后以标准型欧巴代对片剂进行包衣,包衣增重3%(w/w).分别采用不同pH介质的中国药典篮法和使用生物相关介质的美国药典往复筒法对自制双氯芬酸钠缓释片与扶他林缓释片的体外释放度进行检测和比较.结果与结论 :使用乙基纤维素和羟丙甲纤维素制备的双氯芬酸钠缓释片的体外释放趋势与扶他林缓释片相近.     

熔融高速搅拌法制备双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊的研究

目的 研究熔融高速搅拌法制备双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊及其体外释药行为。方法 采用KJZ-10型熔融高速搅拌制粒机制备含药微丸,以微丸体外释放度为指标,考察处方工艺因素对微丸体外释放度的影响,通过释放度曲线药动力学拟合确定微丸缓释机制。结果 双氯芬酸钠微丸体外释放行为符合Higuchi方程 Y=35.43t_1/2-16.152 3(r=0.998 8),释药机制主要是骨架溶蚀和扩散释放。结论 该技术制备的双氯芬酸钠缓释微丸具有较好的释药性能及良好的缓释效果。     

鼻用氟脲嘧啶壳聚糖微球的体外释放及溶胀影响因素

目的考察壳聚糖脱乙酰度、壳聚糖浓度、固化剂用量、固化时间以及介质pH值对氟脲嘧啶壳聚糖微球的体外释放与溶胀的影响。方法乳化化学交联法制备氟脲嘧啶鼻用微球,动态透析法检测微球的体外释放特性;根据微球吸水前后质量变化测定微球的溶胀率。结果壳聚糖的脱乙酰度越高、固化剂用量越大、固化时间越长则微球的溶胀越慢,微球的体外释放越慢;壳聚糖浓度的增加则使微球的溶胀度增加,体外释放量减少;释放介质的pH值对微球的溶胀性能影响很大,在酸性条件下微球溶胀度高且释药加快。结论影响壳聚糖微球溶胀的因素顺序为介质的pH值>固化剂用量>固化时间>壳聚糖浓度≈壳聚糖脱乙酰度;影响壳聚糖微球体外释放的因素顺序为固化剂用量>壳聚糖脱乙酰度>壳聚糖浓度,而固化时间和介质的pH值对体外释放无显著性影响。     

双氯芬酸钠缓释制剂的释放度考察

目的:考察双氯芬酸钠缓释制剂的体外释放度.方法:采用转篮法和pH6.8的人工肠液对市售4个厂家的双氯芬酸钠缓释片和缓释胶囊的释放度进行了测定,并对释放度数据进行方程拟合及t检验.结果:A、C厂家产品的释放规律较符合Weibull方程,而B、D厂家产品的释放规律较符合Higuchi方程.各厂家产品的释放度在1 h,6 h时差异有显著性,在12 h时差异无显著性.结论:不同厂家双氯芬酸钠缓释制剂的释放度差异存在显著性.     

凹凸棒石对双氯芬酸钠的吸附作用与应用研究

目的研究凹凸棒石对双氯芬酸钠的吸附作用及应用。方法比较研磨法、搅拌法、超声法对吸附的影响,以L9(34)正交试验法筛选超声法制备双氯芬酸钠吸附物的主要因素,优化最佳的吸附条件;采用紫外分光光度法考察其在水中的解吸性能。结果最佳制备工艺条件为A3B2C3D3,即双氯芬酸钠与凹凸棒石的用量比例为1∶6,加水适量使双氯芬酸钠的浓度为4 mg/mL,超声2 h,静置48 h。应用研究显示,双氯芬酸钠吸附物在1 h平均释放度为91.77%,RSD%为1.40%,可认为已基本解吸完全。结论凹凸棒石对双氯芬酸钠有一定吸附作用,但缓释作用不明显,能否利用凹凸棒石作为辅料制备双氯芬酸钠的缓释制剂有待进一步研究。     

Alginate/chitosan particulate systems for sodium diclofenac release.

Alginate/chitosan particles were prepared by ionic gelation (Ca2+ and Al3+) for the sodium diclofenac release. The systems were characterized by electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The ability to release the active substance was examined as a function of some technological parameters and pH of dissolution medium. The release of sodium diclofenac is prevented at acidic pH, while is complete in a few minutes when pH is raised up to 6.4 and 7.2. The alginate/chitosan ratio and the nature of the gelifying cation allow a control of the release rate of the drug. The release mechanism was briefly discussed.     

Montmorillonite-Alginate Composites as a Drug delivery System: Intercalation and In vitro Release of Diclofenac sodium

Diclofenac sodium and alginate was intercalated into montmorillonite to form uniform sized beads by gelation method. The structure and surface morphology of the synthesized composite beads were characterized by powdered X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Diclofenac release kinetics of the composite in simulated intestinal fluid medium (pH 7.4) and effect of montmorillonite content on the in vitro release of diclofenac from diclofenac-montmorillonite-alginate composites bead was investigated by UV/Vis spectrophotometer. Diclofenac encapsulation efficiency in the montmorillonite-alginate composites bead increases with an increase in the montmorillonite content. The control release of diclofenac from diclofenac-montmorillonite-alginate composites beads was observed to be better as compared to diclofenac-alginate beads.     

In vitro investigation of sodium diclofenac adsorption on sucralfate

Adsorption of sodium diclofenac was investigated in the presence of sucralfate--a cytoprotective agent preventing gastropathy, adverse effect of diclofenac. Evaluation of adsorption was performed by means of a static method in vitro taking into account pH of the environment, temperature, concentration of the investigated agents and the form of sucralfate. Findings obtained prove that sodium diclofenac is adsorbed on sucralfate in all investigated pH ranges and the capability of sucralfate binding depends on its form, temperature and environmental pH. The highest binding was observed at pH 5.0 in the presence of sucralfate, which at this pH has the form of a suspension, while the lowest--at pH 1.5 in the presence of sucralfate in the form of paste. Low values of adsorption temperature of diclofenac as well as the relationship between the level of its adsorption and environmental pH are the dominating factors pointing to the physical and exothermic adsorption.     

不同厂家双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊体外释放度考察及Weibull分析

目的通过对4个不同厂家的双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊进行体外释放度考察,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用2010年版中国药典二部附录溶出度第一法装置,以4种不同的溶出介质测定各样品不同时间的溶出量,以Weibull方程拟合最佳溶出介质的溶出参数,并进行数据分析。结果 pH=6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液作为体外释放环境较为理想,且根据t50、td等溶出参数显示,4个厂家双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊除D厂样品溶出迟缓外,其他厂家均符合标准。结论该药的释放受pH值的影响较大,且不同厂家双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊释放度有一定差异,在临床用药过程中,可作为参考依据。     

硝苯地平缓释凝胶的制备工艺及其释药性能研究

目的:制备硝苯地平缓释凝胶并考察其体外释药情况。方法:采用复凝聚法制备硝苯地平缓释凝胶,以壳聚糖、海藻酸钠的浓度、搅拌速度和壳聚糖溶液与海藻酸钠溶液的体积比为因素进行正交试验;用转篮法测定所制凝胶的释放度,通过改变释放介质的pH值,考察该缓释药物对pH的敏感性。结果:最佳工艺为壳聚糖浓度0.4%、海藻酸钠浓度1.5%、搅拌速度160r.min-1、壳聚糖溶液与海藻酸钠溶液的体积比为6:1。硝苯地平缓释凝胶在pH1.5的人工胃液中4h释放度为13.43%;在pH6.8的人工肠液中4h释放度为52.30%,12h释放度为81.72%。结论:所制硝苯地平缓释凝胶具有明显的缓释作用,体外释放具有较强的pH敏感性。     

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of sustained release tablet formulations of diclofenac sodium

The effects of formulation variables on the release profile of diclofenac sodium (DS) from hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and chitosan matrix tablets were studied. DS tablets were prepared by wet granulation and direct compression methods and different ratios of HPMC and chitosan were used. Physical properties of the prepared tablets and targeted commercial sustained release (SR) tablet and the drug release were studied in tablets that were placed in 0.1 M HCl for 1 h and phosphate buffer solution was added to reach pH value of 7.5. In vitro studies showed that 20% HPMC contained SR formulation with direct (dry) compression method is the optimum formulation due to its better targeting profile in terms of release. This formulation also exhibited the best-fitted formulation into the zero order kinetics. The precision and accuracy of the analytical method were also checked. The repeatability and reproducibility of the method were also determined.     

双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊在不同PH中释放度的考察实验

目的：考察不同pH条件下药物的体外释放度。方法：采用不同pH的释放介质,按《中国药典》2000年版体外释放度转篮法测定双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊的释放情况。结果：该药的释放受pH值的影响较大。结论：采用pH＝6的介质作为体外释放试验较为理想。     

Multiunit Controlled-Release Diclofenac Sodium Capsules Using Complex of Chitosan with Sodium Alginate or Pectin

This study explored the application of chitosan–alginate (CA) and chitosan–pectin (CP) complex films as drug release regulator for the preparation of multiunit controlled-release diclofenac sodium capsules. Pellets containing drug and microcrystalline cellulose, in a ratio of 3:5, were prepared in a fluidized rotary granulator. The pellets were coated with CA, CP, sodium alginate, pectin, and chitosan solutions. The pellets, equivalent to 75 mg drug, were filled into capsules. After 2 h of dissolution test in acidic medium, the amount of the drug released from any preparation was negligible. The pellets were further subject to pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. More than 80% drug release at 12 h was observed with the uncoated pellets and those coated with sodium alginate, pectin or chitosan. Both 1% CA and 3% CP coated pellets exhibited drug release profiles similar to that of Voltaren SR75. It was found that approximately 60% and 85% of the drug were released at 12 and 24 h, respectively. Both Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed complex formation between chitosan and these anionic polymers. It could be concluded that CA and CP complex film could be easily applied to diclofenac sodium pellets to control the release of the drug.