玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑裂孔的疗效观察

目的 评价玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑裂孔的临床效果.方法对53例（53只眼）黄斑裂孔进行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除的临床资料进行回顾性分析.分析手术前后矫正远视力、黄斑裂孔的分期,术后裂孔是否闭合与术后视力预后的关系.结果相干光断层扫描观察形态恢复正常者42只眼,改善者8只眼,无改善者3只眼.12只眼术后出现一过性眼压升高.手术后裂孔闭合者视力都有不同程度提高.手术有效率94.3%,裂孔闭合率79.2%.结论使用玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除,可以增加黄斑裂孔闭合率、提高患者术后视力.     

玻璃体手术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的临床观察

目的:观察玻璃体切割、内界膜剥除联合玻璃体腔气体填充治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的手术疗效及影响因素。方法:对特发性黄斑裂孔患者22例23眼的临床资料进行回顾分析。患眼术前术后除常规检查外最后由光学相干断层扫描(OCT)确诊及测量黄斑裂孔形态。所有患眼均行玻璃体切割、内界膜剥除联合玻璃体腔气体(空气或惰性气体)填充术。观察患者术后视力和黄斑裂孔闭合率及手术并发症的发生情况。用SPSS 13.0统计软件分析患者年龄、病程、术前最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑裂孔直径、玻璃体腔填充气体种类与术后BCVA和黄斑裂孔闭合率的相关性。结果:术后OCT检查结果显示患者黄斑裂孔闭合率100%。其中术中使用空气进行玻璃体腔填充的14眼,一期黄斑裂孔闭合11眼(79%);术中使用惰性气体(100mL/L C3F8)进行玻璃体腔填充的9眼,一期黄斑裂孔全部闭合,闭合率100%,二者比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.1214,P>0.05)。术后平均矫正视力0.23±0.12,与术前平均矫正视力0.11±0.05相比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.023,P<0.05)。术后视力提高者术前黄斑裂孔直径小于术后视力不提高者,差异有统计学意义(t=3.92,P<0.05)。术后BCVA与患者年龄(r=-0.415,P=0.256)、病程(r=0.193,P=0.498)、术前BCVA(r=0.152,P=0.673)无相关性。结论:玻璃体切割、内界膜剥除联合玻璃体腔气体填充术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔疗效确切;黄斑裂孔直径是影响特发性黄斑裂孔术后闭合和视力预后的主要因素;而术前视力、年龄、病程对特发性黄斑裂孔术后闭合和视力预后的影响无相关性。     

内界膜翻转填塞治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的初步疗效分析

目的观察内界膜翻转填塞治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的初步疗效。方法接受23G微创玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除的高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的患者37例(38只眼)纳入研究。其中,成功施行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除及内界膜翻转填塞16只眼(内界膜填塞组),其余21例(22只眼)行常规玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除手术(内界膜剥除组)。两组患者均行硅油填充。手术后随访时间3~6个月,平均随访时间4个月。对比分析两组患眼黄斑裂孔闭合率、最佳矫正视力(Log MAR视力)、视网膜复位情况。结果内界膜剥除组,术后3个月视网膜复位者20只眼占90.91%,黄斑裂孔闭合者7只眼占31.82%。内界膜填塞组,术后3个月视网膜复位者16只眼占100%,黄斑裂孔闭合者16只眼占100%;内界膜剥除组术眼Log MAR视力由术前的1.95±0.44增加到术后的1.57±0.46,内界膜填塞组由术前的1.98±0.39增加到术后的1.48±0.33。两组术后视网膜复位率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.06,P<0.05)。两组裂孔闭合率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.31,P<0.05)。内界膜剥除组及内界膜填塞组手术后Log MAR视力均较手术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(t=4.02、4.43,P<0.05)。两组手术后Log MAR视力比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.17,P>0.05)。结论高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离行内界膜反转填塞手术较单纯内界膜剥除,黄斑裂孔闭合率及视网膜复位率均高,但术后两组视力恢复无明显差异。     

内界膜剥除对适度高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离视网膜复位及裂孔闭合的影响

目的 比较曲安奈德(TA)玻璃体染色辅助玻璃体切割(PPV)联合与不联合内界膜剥除对适度高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离(MHRD)视网膜复位及黄斑裂孔闭合的影响.方法 屈光度≥6D,增生型玻璃体视网膜病变分级A、B级,眼轴长度≥26 mm但＜29 mm,视网膜色素上皮及脉络膜萎缩轻或不明显,0～1级且深度≤2 mm巩膜后葡萄肿的适度高度近视MHRD患者43例43只眼纳入观察.将43只眼随机分为内界膜剥除组和内界膜保留组.其中,内界膜剥除组24只眼,内界膜保留组19只眼.TA玻璃体染色辅助PPV后,内界膜剥除组行内界膜剥除,内界膜保留组不行内界膜剥除.手术后1周,l、3、6、12个月时随访,比较两组间矫正视力、视网膜复位及黄斑裂孔闭合率的差异.结果 手术后12个月,内界膜剥除组视网膜复位22只眼,视网膜复位率91.67％;内界膜保留组视网膜复位18只眼,视网膜复位率94.74％;两组患者的视网膜复位率比较,差异无统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法,P=1.000).内界膜剥除组黄斑裂孔闭合14只眼,黄斑裂孔闭合率58.33％;内界膜保留组黄斑裂孔闭合11只眼,黄斑裂孔闭合57.89％;两组患者的黄斑裂孔闭合率比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.049,P=0.824).两组患者手术后视力比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.001,P=0.977).结论 采用TA辅助PPV治疗适度高度近视MHRD眼,其视网膜复位、裂孔闭合及视力改变与内界膜是否剥除无明显关系.     

视网膜内界膜剥除对特发性黄斑裂孔患者术后裂孔愈合的影响

目的　探讨剥除视网膜内界膜对特发性黄斑裂孔患者术后裂孔愈合的影响。方法　对4 1例 (41只眼 )特发性黄斑裂孔患者进行手术治疗。A组 :单纯玻璃体切除 19只眼 ;B组 :玻璃体切除加视网膜内界膜剥除 2 2只眼。A组患者进行玻璃体切除、气体或液体交换及C3 F8眼内填充术 ;B组患者在A组术式的基础上 ,于术中增加黄斑区视网膜内界膜剥除。所有患者术后均保持面朝下体位10～ 14d。结果　 4 1只眼中 ,术后黄斑裂孔完全闭合 37只眼 ,相干光断层扫描显示黄斑裂孔已消失 ,总闭合率为 90 2 %。其中A组 19只眼中 ,有 15只眼黄斑裂孔闭合 ,闭合率为 78 9% ,视力略有提高 ;裂孔未闭 4只眼 ,相干光断层扫描仍见黄斑裂孔 ,视力无提高或降低。B组 2 2只眼经相干光断层扫描 ,证实黄斑裂孔已完全闭合 ,闭合率为 10 0 0 % ,视力明显提高。经Fisher精确概率检验 ,两组患者裂孔闭合率比较 ,差异有显著意义 (χ2 =4 86 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;视力改变比较 ,差异无显著意义(χ2 =0 0 0 0 ,P >0 0 5 ) ,但视力提高 2行以上者的差异有显著意义 (χ2 =4 385 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　玻璃体手术是治疗黄斑裂孔患者的有效方法 ,而视网膜内界膜剥除有利于术后裂孔的闭合及其解剖结构的愈合     

不同染色剂辅助内界膜剥除治疗IMH手术前后微视野的变化

目的：观察研究应用不同染色剂辅助内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔( idiopathic macular hole,IMH)手术治疗前后黄斑区微视野的变化情况。
　　方法：回顾性对比分析50例50眼特发性黄斑裂孔患者应用曲安奈德( triamcinolone acetonide, TA )或吲哚青绿( indocyanine green,ICG)辅助内界膜剥除治疗前后黄斑裂孔的闭合情况、最佳矫正视力以及微视野的改变。
　　结果：术后随访6mo,经光学相干断层扫描( optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查TA组黄斑裂孔完全闭合76%、未闭合但裂孔平复16%、未闭合8%;ICG组黄斑裂孔完全闭合72%、未闭合但裂孔平复16%、未闭合12%,两组患者手术治疗后最佳矫正视力( best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)均明显改善但两组间比较差异无统计学意义,两组患者中央20o范围内黄斑微视野视网膜敏感度得到明显提高,TA组较ICG组更为明显。
　　结论：玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术可有效的促进特发性黄斑裂孔的闭合、明显改善黄斑区视网膜敏感度以及视力。黄斑区微视野检查可以较好的随访评价IMH手术治疗后黄斑区视功能变化情况。     

玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

目的评价玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的临床疗效。方法采用玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔17例17眼,对患者术前术后视功能、术后黄斑裂孔闭合及手术主要并发症等进行检查和随访。结果本组17眼均成功剥离内界膜。随访5～24个月,其中13眼黄斑裂孔完全闭合,4眼裂孔直径缩小,裂孔封闭成功率为76.47%;17眼中14眼视力提高,视力提高率为82.35%;视物变形等症状也有明显改善。并发症主要有术中毛细血管性出血、术后一过性高眼压及晶状体后囊下混浊。结论玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术可有效封闭特发性黄斑裂孔,提高视功能。     

亮蓝辅助内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的疗效

目的 探讨亮蓝染色下玻璃体切割注气联合内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔患者的疗效.方法 对15例(15眼)特发性黄斑裂孔患者行玻璃体切割注气联合亮蓝辅助内界膜剥离术,观察术后黄斑裂孔闭合情况、视力、眼压及并发症等.结果 术中15眼患者内界膜染色效果均较好,剥离顺利.术后随访3个月,13眼黄斑裂孔闭合,闭合率为86.7%;2眼视力无变化.余视力均较术前有不同程度提高;未见由亮蓝注射导致的急性毒性反应和白内障、高眼压、医源性视网膜损伤等并发症.结论 亮蓝辅助内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔是一种安全有效的方法.     

内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

目的 探讨玻璃体切割联合吲哚青绿染色内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的疗效.方法 采用玻璃体切割联合吲哚青绿染色内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔15例15只眼,对患者手术前、术后视力、黄斑裂孔地愈合情况进行检查随访.结果 本组15例15只眼均成功的剥离内界膜,随访6个月.黄斑裂孔完全愈合13只眼,2例裂孔直径缩小,裂孔封闭的成功率86.66%,视力提高率89.33%,结论玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术能有效的封闭特发性黄斑裂孔,提高视力.     

玻璃体切除术联合内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

目的:探讨玻璃体切除术联合内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的疗效。方法:对93例93眼特发性黄斑裂孔患者行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除,气液交换,眼内填充C3F8。术后观察术眼视力及OCT了解黄斑裂孔变化。结果:特发性黄斑裂孔患者93例中裂孔完全愈合89例(96%),4例裂孔未闭,患者拒绝再次手术。绝大多数患者术后视力提高。结论:玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除是治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的有效方法,能使绝大多数患者的裂孔得到解剖愈合,视力提高。     

Efficacy of internal limiting membrane removal for retinal detachments resulting from a myopic macular hole

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of internal limiting membrane (ILM) or epiretinal membrane removal during pars plana vitrectomy for a retinal detachment resulting from a macular hole in myopic eyes. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in a single institution. Twenty-six highly myopic eyes with a retinal detachment resulting from a macular hole were studied. During pars plana vitrectomy, ILM peeling (ILM-peeled group) was performed on 13 eyes, and the ILM was not removed (ILM-preserved group) in 12 eyes. Main outcome measures were anatomic reattachment, optical coherence tomography-determined macular hole closure, and visual acuity. Follow-up periods were longer than 12 months in all cases. RESULTS: The anatomic reattachment rate after the initial surgery was significantly higher in the ILM-peeled group (92.3%) than in the ILM-preserved group (50%). The macular holes of 8 (72.7%) of the 11 ILM-peeled and reattached eyes and 2 (50%) of the 4 ILM-preserved and reattached eyes were successfully closed by the initial surgery. No significant difference was found in the postoperative visual acuity and the improvement of visual acuity between the ILM-peeled group and the ILM-preserved group. There was also no significant difference of the postoperative visual acuity and improvement of the visual acuity between the two groups in cases with an initial anatomic success. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that removal of the ILM contributes to a successful reattachment and is an effective treatment for macular hole and retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes. The authors suggest that the higher success rate after ILM peeling resulted from the release of the traction of the prefoveal vitreous and the epiretinal membrane over the detached retina.     

视网膜内界膜剥除术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔疗效探讨

目的 通过分析玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的手术效果,针对"内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的不同观点"进行探讨.方法 黄斑裂孔患者71例71只眼,均施行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除,玻璃体内注气.随访12个月以上,观察不同分期裂孔的闭合率、视力以及mfERG的变化情况.结果 67只眼(94.37%)黄斑裂孔闭合,Ⅱ期裂孔两周内全部闭和,Ⅳ期裂孔两周闭和率仅为31.3%;71只IMH眼手术后1年视力提高59只眼,占83.10%,视力不变7眼,占9.86%,视力减退5眼,占7.04%.手术前、后视力高于0.1者分别为35只眼(49.26%)、65只眼(91.55%),经x2检验差异有统计学意义;一年后,Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期裂孔视力0.5以上者分别为81.25%、15.38%、0.经统计学分析,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期术后视力提高率分别为93.6%、84.6%和62.5%.并且,手术后1年mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度不断增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而3、4、5环P1波反应密度与手术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔是非常有效的方法,但需要熟练掌握手术操作技术和技巧,把术后并发症控制在最低限度.

Abstract：

Objective To estimate the therapeutic effect of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole,to approach the different viewpoint about the vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole.Methods In 71 eyes of 71 cases underwent vitrectomy with ILM peeling for idiopathic macular hole were analyzed retrospectively,air-fluid exchanged and C3F8 tamponaded.The follow-up after the surgery was 12 months.The best corrected visual acuity,mfERG and the rate of concrescence were observed.Results Anatomic closure of the macular hole was achieved in 67(94.37%)patients,59(83.10%)patients achieved a better final visual acuity.Preoperatively,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.1 was 35(49.26%)patients.Postoperatively,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.1 was 65(91.55%)patients(P ＜0.05).After a year,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.5 for 2,3,4 stage of macular hole were 81.25%,15.38%,0,respectively.Amplitude of wave P1 of ring 1 and ring 2 by mfERG was significantly increased in postoperatively than that in preoperatively(P＜0.05).There was no significantly difference for P1 of ring 3,ring 4 and ring 5 between postoperatively and preoperatively(P ＞0.05).Conclusions Parsplana vitrectomy with ILM peeling is an effective method to treat macular hole.But the risks should be treated carefully.     

Anatomic and visual outcomes after indocyanine green-assisted peeling of the retinal internal limiting membrane in idiopathic macular hole surgery

PURPOSE: To report anatomic and visual outcomes after vitrectomy and adjunctive retinal internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with and without intravitreal indocyanine green for idiopathic macular hole repair. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative study of consecutive case series. METHODS: Three consecutive groups of idiopathic macular hole cases underwent modifications of surgical technique. Group I (48 eyes of 47 patients) underwent a standard vitrectomy, fluid/gas exchange, and 1 week's face-down positioning, group II (21 eyes of 21 patients) an adjunctive ILM peeling without use of indocyanine green, and group III (28 eyes of 28 patients) an adjunctive peeling of ILM stained with intravitreal application of 0.1 to 0.2 ml of 0.5% indocyanine green dye. RESULTS: Three groups of patients had comparable clinical characteristics as to age, gender, estimated duration of macular hole, preoperative visual acuity, and follow-up time. The rate of macular hole closure after a single surgery, as determined by optical coherence topography was 85.4% in group I, 85.7% in group II, and 100% in group III. Groups I and II showed a statistically significant visual improvement, but group III did not show significant visual acuity improvement as the mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity was from 0.767 (20/120) preoperatively to 0.691 (20/100) postoperatively (P =.342). Eight cases in group III developed within a few postoperative months of optic disk pallor and irreversible peripheral visual field loss, predominantly affecting the nasal field. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal indocyanine green-assisted ILM peeling improves anatomic success in macular hole surgery, but it may potentially lead to unfavorable visual acuity outcome and peripheral visual field loss.     

视网膜内界膜剥离手术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察视网膜内界膜剥离治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效. 方法 回顾分析25例25只眼高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离患者的临床资料.根据治疗方法 分为2组,A组为单纯玻璃体切割手术,13例13只眼;B组为玻璃体切割手术加吲哚青绿染色内界膜剥离,12例12只眼.所有患者行惰性气体填充,手术后保持面朝下体位7～15 d.观察最佳矫正分辨角对数(LogMAR)视力,检查眼底,光相干断层扫描(OCT)、B型超声检查视网膜复位及黄斑裂孔闭合情况,比较两组间疗效差异.手术后随访6～18个月,平均随访时间10个月. 结果 A组13只眼中,7只眼手术后视网膜复位,占53.8%;B组12只眼中,11只眼手术后视网膜复位,占91.7%.B组视网膜复位率明显优于A组(X2=4.427,P=0.046);25只眼中,手术后黄斑裂孔闭合者17只眼,占68.0%.其中,A组13只眼中,6只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占A组患者的46.2%;B组12只眼中,11只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占B组患者的91.7%.两组患者手术后黄斑裂孔闭合率比较,差异有统计学意义(X2=5.940,P=0.020).A组手术后最佳矫正LogMAR视力提高平均0.32,与手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.045,P=0.041),B组手术后最佳矫正LogMAR视力提高平均0.53,与手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.481,P=0.012).两组间手术后视力差异无统计学意义(U=51.5,P=0.16). 结论玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥离手术可能通过完全解除玻璃体黄斑牵引、增加视网膜顺应性而提高高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的治疗效果.显著增加视网膜复位率及黄斑裂孔闭合率.     

视网膜内界膜剥离手术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察视网膜内界膜剥离治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效. 方法 回顾分析25例25只眼高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离患者的临床资料.根据治疗方法 分为2组,A组为单纯玻璃体切割手术,13例13只眼;B组为玻璃体切割手术加吲哚青绿染色内界膜剥离,12例12只眼.所有患者行惰性气体填充,手术后保持面朝下体位7～15 d.观察最佳矫正分辨角对数(LogMAR)视力,检查眼底,光相干断层扫描(OCT)、B型超声检查视网膜复位及黄斑裂孔闭合情况,比较两组间疗效差异.手术后随访6～18个月,平均随访时间10个月. 结果 A组13只眼中,7只眼手术后视网膜复位,占53.8%;B组12只眼中,11只眼手术后视网膜复位,占91.7%.B组视网膜复位率明显优于A组(X2=4.427,P=0.046);25只眼中,手术后黄斑裂孔闭合者17只眼,占68.0%.其中,A组13只眼中,6只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占A组患者的46.2%;B组12只眼中,11只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占B组患者的91.7%.两组患者手术后黄斑裂孔闭合率比较,差异有统计学意义(X2=5.940,P=0.020).A组手术后最佳矫正LogMAR视力提高平均0.32,与手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.045,P=0.041),B组手术后最佳矫正LogMAR视力提高平均0.53,与手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.481,P=0.012).两组间手术后视力差异无统计学意义(U=51.5,P=0.16). 结论玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥离手术可能通过完全解除玻璃体黄斑牵引、增加视网膜顺应性而提高高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的治疗效果.显著增加视网膜复位率及黄斑裂孔闭合率.     

曲安奈德吲哚青绿辅助玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

背景 视网膜内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)的疗效是近年来争论的热点,安全、彻底地剥离内界膜手术操作难度较大. 目的 探讨曲安奈德、吲哚青绿辅助玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离治疗IMH的疗效.方法 采用病例研究设计.收集IMH患者23例25眼进行标准经睫状体平坦部三切口玻璃体切割术.核心部玻璃体切割之后,后极部注射曲安奈德约0.1 ml.气液交换后保留约1/4的灌注液,将质量分数0.5％吲哚青绿0.2～0.5 ml于灌注液面下滴于黄斑裂孔处.术中观察内界膜染色效果,术后观察术眼黄斑裂孔闭合情况及视力改善情况.结果 25眼玻璃体后皮质及内界膜染色效果好,残余玻璃体及后皮质切除干净,内界膜剥离过程中瓣膜和边缘清晰可见.随访3～8个月,一次性手术裂孔完全闭合率为88.0％(22/25),部分闭合型占12.0％ (3/25).术后2个月最佳矫正视力(BCVA)为0.07～0.60,84.0％的患眼视物变形、眼前暗影明显减少或消失,52.0％的患眼视力提高. 结论 曲安奈德、吲哚青绿双染色辅助玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离治疗IMH是安全、有效的治疗方法.     

Results of macular hole surgery with and without epiretinal dissection or internal limiting membrane removal

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of idiopathic macular hole surgery with or without epiretinal dissection or peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive nonrandomized comparative interventional trial. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred seventy-two eyes of 162 patients with previously untreated idiopathic macular holes of <24 months duration. INTERVENTION: All eyes were treated with pars plana vitrectomy by 1 surgeon using 1 of 3 techniques: no epiretinal dissection (116 eyes), epiretinal dissection (27 eyes), or ILM peeling (29 eyes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Closure of the macular hole and visual acuity. RESULTS: The macular hole was closed with 1 surgery in 92.9% of 56 eyes with epiretinal dissection/ILM peeling versus 79.3% of 116 eyes without dissection (P = 0.03) and was closed with 1 surgery in 85.1% of 27 eyes in the epiretinal dissection group compared with 100% of 29 eyes in the ILM peeling group (P = 0.05). Visual acuity improved 3 or more lines in 57.1% of 56 eyes in the epiretinal dissection/ILM peeling group compared with 38.8% of 116 eyes in the no dissection group 3 months postoperatively (P = 0.03). Visual acuity improved 3 or more lines at 3 months in the no dissection group in 32.2% of 87 eyes placed faceup for 24 hours compared with 58.6% of 29 eyes placed immediately prone postoperatively (P = 0.02). The visual and anatomic results of the no dissection and epiretinal dissection/ILM peeling groups were similar when comparing eyes in the no dissection group placed immediately prone with the epiretinal dissection/ILM peeling eyes also placed immediately prone. Visual improvement of 3 or more lines at 3 months occurred in 79.2% of 24 eyes in the epiretinal dissection group versus 44.8% of 29 eyes in the ILM peeling group (P = 0.01) in eyes with successful macular hole closure. Visual acuity results were similar in all subgroups at the final examination after reoperations. CONCLUSIONS: The faceup position for 24 hours using adjuvants reduced the initial anatomic and visual outcomes of macular hole surgery. Internal limiting membrane peeling improved the likelihood of successful macular hole closure but reduced the amount of initial visual improvement at 3 months compared with epiretinal dissection alone. Final visual acuities were similar in all groups.     

Long-term outcomes of internal limiting membrane peeling with and without indocyanine green in macular hole surgery

PURPOSE: To compare the long-term anatomic closure rate and visual outcome in patients who underwent internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with and without indocyanine green (ICG) dye staining for idiopathic macular hole repair. DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative study of consecutive case series. METHODS: A total of 190 eyes of 182 patients with idiopathic macular holes underwent macular hole repair between March 1998 and June 2003. Surgery consisted of pars plana vitrectomy, lensectomy if phakic, ILM peeling, intravitreal gas tamponade, and 1 week's face-down positioning. In the initial 94 consecutive eyes, ILM peeling was performed without adjuvants (non-ICG group). The subsequent 96 eyes underwent surgery with ICG-stained ILM peeling (ICG group), in which the ILM was stained with intravitreal application of 0.1 to 0.2 mL of 0.1% ICG solution. RESULTS: Two groups of patients had comparable clinical backgrounds preoperatively. Mean follow-up time was 30.7 months in non-ICG group and 26.2 months in ICG group. Anatomic closure of the macular hole was achieved in 99% of the cases in both groups, with both groups showing statistically significant visual improvement. There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between the two groups at each follow-up visit. There were also no intraoperative or postoperative complications attributed to the use of ICG. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing ILM peeling for idiopathic macular hole repair shows equivalent anatomic and visual outcomes with and without the use of ICG.     

The use of internal limiting membrane maculorrhexis in treatment of idiopathic macular holes

The purpose of this study was to assess surgical results of internal limiting membrane (ILM) maculorrhexis in macular hole surgery. This study is a part of continuing prospective clinical trial of our team of researchers. Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with idiopathic macular hole underwent vitrectomy with the removal of posterior cortical vitreous, peeling of the macular ILM, and intraocular gas tamponade, followed by postoperative face-down positioning. The excised specimens were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy. Complete closure of the hole was observed in all 13 eyes (100% anatomic success rate). Visual improvement of 2 or more lines on ETDRS visual acuity chart was achieved in 11 (85%) of the 13 eyes. Six (54.5%) eyes attained visual acuity of 20/50 or better. Electron microscopy showed ILM in the removed specimens. ILM maculorrhexis is a promising new surgical approach to close idiopathic macular holes but requires further investigation and long-term evaluation.