D-二聚体检测在急性脑梗塞诊断中的意义

对40例急性脑梗塞(CI)患者血浆D-二聚体水平进行检测,其结果与40例正常比较.正常人范围0～0.5mg/L,(?)±s 0.3mg/L,CI范围0.5～mg/L,(?)±s 2.56±2.45,P<0.05.在缺血性脑病的初发期D-二聚体水平即开始增高,说明患者血液凝固异常并伴有纤维蛋白溶解.     

血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原在非小细胞肺癌患者围术期监测中的应用价值

目的探讨血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)在非小细胞肺癌患者手术前、后监测中的应用价值。方法测定254例非小细胞肺癌患者和52例肺部良性肿瘤患者血浆D-二聚体及FIB水平,对其术后D-二聚体及FIB变化进行随访监测。结果非小细胞肺癌组术前、后血浆D-二聚体及FIB水平明显高于良性肿瘤组(P<0.01);非小细胞肺癌患者血浆D-二聚体及FIB水平随分期增加而明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肺癌组中15例术后出现血栓性疾病前其D-二聚体及FIB水平或一过性下降后突然升高。结论监测非小细胞肺癌患者手术前后血浆D-二聚体及FIB浓度,有助于术前筛查血栓高风险人群,改善患者预后。     

脾动脉血管硬化剂栓塞治疗脾功能亢进

目的评价应用血管硬化剂行部分性脾栓塞治疗脾功能亢进的疗效及安全性。方法17例肝硬化脾功能亢进患者,使用微导管行脾脏中下极动脉分支超选择插管硬化剂栓塞。硬化剂包括鱼肝油酸钠和无水乙醇。栓塞体积40%~70%。结果术后2~4周白细胞平均值自(25±12)×109/L[(08~42)×109/L]增至(57±17)×109/L[(37~84)×109/L],t=6257,P<0001;血小板平均值自(34±14)×109/L[(14~61)×109/L]增至(108±48)×109/L[(58~210)×109/L],t=7028,P<0001。无严重的术后不良反应或并发症。结论脾中下极动脉硬化剂栓塞治疗脾功能亢进安全、有效,不良反应轻,同时具有操作简便和相对经济的优点。     

苦黄注射液联合复方蛋氨酸胆碱治疗酒精性脂肪肝的疗效及对肝纤维化的影响研究

目的 探究复方蛋氨酸胆碱结合苦黄注射液在酒精性脂肪肝治疗中的疗效及对肝纤维化的影响。方法 按照随机数字表法将2019年1月至2021年12月海安市人民医院收治并确诊的104例酒精性脂肪肝患者分为对照组和观察组,各52例。对照组给予复方蛋氨酸胆碱治疗,观察组苦黄注射液联合复方蛋氨酸胆碱治疗。两组患者均连续治疗1个月。采用全自动生化分析仪检测两组患者治疗前后血清丙氨酸转移酶（alanine transferase,ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol ,TC）、三酰甘油（triacylglycerol,TG）、总胆红素（total bilirubin,TBil）水平;采用放射免疫法检测两组患者治疗前后血清层粘连蛋白（laminin,LN）、透明质酸（hyaluronic acid,HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽（type III procollagen N-terminal peptide,PC Ⅲ）及Ⅳ型胶原（type IV collagen,Ⅳ-C）水平。比较两组患者的临床症状改善情况、临床疗效、肝功能指标及肝纤维化指标。结果 观察组治疗后的腹胀、肝区不适、黄疸、痞满等症状消失时间分别为（3.9±0.1） d、（9.8±0.2） d、（11.5±0.7）d、（3.8±0.2） d,均短于对照组分别为（7.5±0.3） d、（14.3±0.4） d、（15.6±0.8） d、（7.4±0.3） d（均P<0.05）。观察组临床总有效率高于对照组（94.2% vs 78.9%）（χ2=5.283,P=0.022）。观察组ALT、AST、TC、TG、TBil水平分别为（31.5±5.3） IU/L、（36.4±3.4） IU/L、（4.1±0.2） mmol/L、（1.4±0.3） mmol/L、（12.6±3.1） μmol/L,低于对照组[分别为（57.4±5.6） IU/L、（54.7±3.5） IU/L、（6.4±0.4） mmol/L、（2.6±0.5） mmol/L、（21.2±5.3） μmol/L]（均P<0.05）。观察组治疗后LN、HA、PC Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C水平分别为（51.6±9.4） μg/L、（32.5±7.4） μg/L、（7.5±1.8） ng/mL、（32.3±4.2） μg/L,均低于对照组[分别为（80.5±10.3） μg/L、（58.7±12.2） μg/L、（16.5±3.6） ng/mL、（71.2±8.6） μg/L]（均P<0.05）。对照组和观察组不良反应发生率分别为7.68%、3.84%,两组比较无明显差异（χ2=0.707,P=0.400）。结论 复方蛋氨酸胆碱结合苦黄注射液在酒精性脂肪肝患者中的治疗疗效显著,可改善患者的临床症状和肝功能,延缓肝纤维化的进程,安全性高。     

西宁地区孕产妇血浆D-二聚体检测及临床应用

目的：建立西宁地区（海拔2260m）正常孕产妇血浆D-二聚体的医学参考值范围，了解西宁地区和平原地区孕产妇血浆D-二聚体水平之间的差异。方法：选取2012年1月-2012年12月我院产科健康晚期待产孕妇（〉37周）720例，产后第一天产妇368例，体检科健康非孕妇180例作为对照组。将健康晚期待产孕妇、产妇及健康非孕妇按不同年龄分组，检测其血浆D-二聚体水平，确定相应的医学参考值范围。结果：血浆D-二聚体水平在孕妇组、产妇组及对照组间一致性较差，应制定不同的医学参考值范围。孕妇组（〉37周）、产妇组（产后第一天）及健康对照组的血浆D-二聚体医学参考值范围分别为≤5．36mg／L、≤7．30mg／L、≤0．94mg／L。结论：本研究初步确定，西宁地区孕产妇血浆D-二聚体的检测值普遍高于正常人群，所以建立不同的医学参考值，可提高D-二聚体检测在西宁地区孕产妇人群中的应用价值，为临床医生在诊治相关疾病时提供有效的依据，避免可能潜在的医疗风险。     

同步放化疗对非小细胞肺癌患者Fas水平的影响

目的 用酶联免疫吸附试验研究非小细胞肺癌患者同步放化疗对血清可溶性Fas的影响及其与预后的关系。方法 对60例患者比较治疗前、治疗后1个月血清Fas水平变化,并设正常对照组。比较治疗有效组(完全缓解+部分缓解,50例)与无效组(无变化+进展,10例) 治疗前Fas水平变化。以2年生存为观察指标,观察血清Fas水平对生存时间的影响。结果 非小细胞肺癌患者治疗前血清Fas水平明显高于正常对照组(8.55±0.63) ng/L和(6.03±0.55) ng/L(t=18.63,P<0.01),治疗后1个月明显低于治疗前(7.24±0.52) ng/L和(8.55±0.63) ng/L(t=12.44,P<0.01)。治疗有效组疗前血清Fas水平明显低于无效组的(8.02±0.43)ng/L和(8.97±0.42)ng/L(t=8.67,P<0.01)。生存满2年者(26例)治疗前Fas水平明显低于生存不足2年者(34例)(t=645.88,P<0.05)。结论 同步放化疗可降低非小细胞肺癌患者血清可溶性Fas水平,治疗前后Fas水平变化有可能成为判断非小细胞肺癌患者预后的观察指标。     

急性颅脑损伤早期内皮素和一氧化氮含量变化的临床研究

目的研究急性中、重型颅脑损伤患者早期血浆内皮素(ET)和一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化及其临床意义。方法用放射免疫法(RIA）和Green法对48例急性中、重型颅脑损伤患者［格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)>8分21例,≤8分27例］和42例非颅脑损伤患者早期（伤后1d）及恢复期（伤后14d）血浆中ET和NO含量进行检测和分析,同时测定38例正常人血浆中ET和NO含量。结果48例急性颅脑损伤患者早期血浆中ET［（109.73±12.61)ng/L］和NO［(92.82±18.21)μmol/L］均显著高于非颅脑损伤患者［(67.90±11.33)ng/L和(52.66±12.82)μmol/L,P<0.01］;并显著高于正常人［(50.65±17.12)ng/L和(36.12±12.16)μmol/L,P<0.001］。重型颅脑损伤患者ET［(116.18±18.12)ng/L］和NO［(108.19±13.28)μmol/L］均显著高于中型颅脑损伤患者［(92.33±16.32)ng/L和(76.38±12.71)μmol/L,P<0.01］,与GCS分值呈负相关;硬膜下血肿、脑损伤患者ET［(126.23±15.23)ng/L］和NO［(118.18±10.12)μmol/L］均显著高于硬膜外血肿患者［(81.13±12.37)ng/L和(68.02±13.18)μmol/L,P<0.01］。而恢复期颅脑损伤组和非颅脑损伤组血浆ET和NO含量均明显下降,接近正常对照组(P>0.05)。结论ET和NO参与了急性颅脑损伤早期的病理生理过程,病情越重,ET和NO的血浆浓度越高。血浆中ET和NO水平的变化可作为早期判断颅脑损伤严重程度的重要指标。     

氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白与内皮素联合检测对脑梗死的临床价值

目的探讨急性脑梗死时患者体内氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)及内皮素(ET1)变化的临床价值。方法用单克隆酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)双抗体夹心法测定oxLDL,用放射免疫分析(RIA)法检测血浆ET1的水平。结果急性脑梗死时oxLDL为(0.48±0.07)mg/L,较<60岁对照组[(0.32±0.07)mg/L]明显高(P<0.001),≥60岁的对照组[(0.40±0.07)mg/L]也较<60岁对照组明显高(P<0.001);ET1在急性脑梗死时为(15.8±3.6)ng/L,较<60岁对照组[(6.0±1.3)ng/L]及≥60岁对照组[(6.4±1.1)ng/L]呈显著性升高(P<0.001),≥60岁健康对照组与<60岁健康对照组相比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论脑梗死及健康老年人均存在脂质过氧化的增强和不同程度的内皮细胞损伤,适当予以抗氧化治疗是降低老年人发病率及脑梗死病人死亡率的一项有效措施。     

糖尿病肾病患者血液白细胞的变化

目的观测糖尿病肾病患者血液白细胞的变化,分析炎症在糖尿病肾病中的作用。方法对436例糖尿病住院病人,分为糖尿病肾病组(n=102)和糖尿病无肾病组(n=334),检测血液白细胞总数和中性粒细胞数。结果糖尿病肾病组白细胞总数为(7.10±2.21)×109/L,糖尿病无肾病组为(5.61±1.34)×109/L,两组相比,差异有非常显著性意义(t=8.270,P<0.001);中性粒细胞计数值糖尿病肾病组(4.47±2.03)×109/L明显高于糖尿病无肾病组(3.18±1.04)×109/L,差异有非常显著性意义(t=8.481,P<0.001)。相关分析,白细胞数与肌酐(C r)呈正相关(r=0.155,P>0.05)、与尿素(Urea)呈明显正相关(r=0.295,P<0.01)、与血糖(GLU)无明显相关(r=0.055,P>0.05);中性粒细胞与C r、Urea呈明显正相关(r=0.260,0.398,P<0.01)、与GLU呈正相关(r=0.163,P>0.05)。结论糖尿病肾病患者血液白细胞计数升高,与肌酐、尿素水平呈正相关。糖尿病肾病患者存在炎症反应,炎症在糖尿病肾病发生发展中起一定作用。     

乙肝肝硬化患者血浆肾上腺髓质素及内皮素检测的临床意义

目的探讨乙肝肝硬化患者血浆肾上腺髓质素(ADM)和内皮素(ET)水平变化及其临床意义。方法应用放射免疫分析法检测50例正常健康人和62例乙肝肝硬化患者的ADM和ET水平。结果正常组ADM和ET水平分别为(46.64±3.55)ng/L和(6.35±2.72)ng/L,乙肝肝硬化组分别为(82.64±5.57)ng/L和(61.78±15.64)ng/L,肝硬化组血浆ADM和ET水平显著高于正常组(均P<0.01)。结论乙肝肝硬化患者血浆ADM和ET水平增高,可能与肝硬化的发生、发展有重要关系,ADM水平增高可能因抑制内皮素和血管紧张素Ⅱ的释放而对维持肝硬化患者机体血液循环的自身调节是一种有益的保护作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.