维生素D的生物学特点及其与儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的相关性

维生素D是人体不可缺少的维生素,具有多种生物学功能。其传统生理作用是维持细胞、组织的正常生长发育,调节体内钙的平衡,缺乏会导致人体钙的吸收及利用障碍,严重时可导致儿童佝偻病、骨软化症的发生。随着人们对维生素D作用的进一步研究,发现维生素D除了调节钙代谢外,还可通过作用于先天性免疫和适应性免疫进而影响免疫系统,具有免疫调节作用。通过对免疫系统的调节,维生素D对儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的治疗具有一定作用。     

1,25（OH）_2D_3用于抗肿瘤的研究进展

1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25（OH）2D3]是人体必需维生素,又称为骨化三醇,是维生素D在人体内的活化形式,除了维持体内钙环境相对稳定外,还可调节多种细胞的增殖、分化,近年来对肿瘤细胞的影响备受关注。国际知名杂志Science于2002年5月报道,维生素D可以降低人们患结肠癌的风险,维生素D能帮助解除消化过程中生成的石胆酸的毒性,从而预防结肠癌的发生,但长期且大剂量的使用能导致软组织的钙化。药理作用新研究发现,     

维生素D缺乏与心血管病风险

心血管病是多种危险因子共同作用而导致的一组慢性疾病,除与高血压病、糖尿病、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、吸烟及肥胖等传统因素有关外,近年来,血浆维生素D营养状态与心血管病的相关性越来越受到关注。研究E。。’显示,维生素D水平低下或缺乏,可导致心血管病发病率显著升高。现将维生素D缺乏与心血管疾病的相关性、影响机制及防治措施综述如下。     

冬吃菌菇有讲究

草菇草菇中的维生素C含量居菌类之首;具有一定的解毒作用,如铅、砷、苯进入人体,可与其结合,随小便排出;还能减慢人体对碳水化合物的吸收,比较适合糖尿病患者食用。草菇无论是干品还是鲜品,都不宜浸泡时间过长,比较适合做汤或素炒,香菇香菇中富含钾、钙等多种矿物质,且含可以转化为维生素D的麦淄     

25-羟维生素D参考区间的建立及其临床意义

目的 建立区域人群25-羟维生素D (25-OH-Vit D)的参考区间,并对用于临床评估提出建议.方法 收集204例健康参考个体的样本,用放射免疫法进行检测,对检测结果进行离群点检查、绘制数据分布图,统计分析25-OH-Vit D的检测结果,对参考区间进行验证和建立.结果 建立的25-OH-Vit D参考区间青少年为16.0~39.7 ng/ml,成年人为11.7~40.0 ng/ml.结论 25-OH-Vit D在人体水平因各个地区人群的年龄、性别、生活习惯等的差异而有所不同.国内区域人群维生素D的摄入量可能整体偏低,故临床医生在评估维生素D状态时,应考虑人体所应有的足够量的25-OH-Vit D.     

膳食维生素D和磷水平对悬吊大鼠骨 肌肉与肾的影响

本实验观察了正常和高磷摄入时,补充高量维生素D_3对尾吊(30天)大鼠股骨、腓肠肌和肾成分及其它指标的影响。结果表明,在膳食钙磷含量和比值正常时(Ca:P=0.6%:0.6%),与适量维生素D摄入(膳食维生素D含量为2000IU/kg)比较,高维生素D摄入(10000IU/kg)不但不能减轻悬吊大鼠股骨的骨丢失,反而导致肾脏出现轻度病理变化,腓肠肌萎缩加重,高钙血和血清碱性磷酸酶活性(ALP)增强。在膳食磷含量增加时(1.8%),高维生素D摄入能显著减轻悬吊大鼠股骨的骨丢失,但也加重高磷摄入对肾脏的损伤,并有体重减轻和腓肠肌萎缩加重等副作用。结果提示,在失重和模拟失重条件下,机体对维生素D毒性作用的耐受能力可能减低,补充高剂量维生素D是有害的。     

维生素D水平与消化系统疾病相关性的研究进展

维生素D在钙、磷代谢和骨稳态中的发挥着重要的作用,同时在防治心血管疾病,保护肾脏、调节免疫、抗肿瘤等多方面的作用被关注。近年来,维生素D与消化系统疾病的相关性成为研究热点。本文旨在对维生素D水平与消化系统常见疾病的相关性进行综述。     

男性非糖尿病人群维生素D与血糖关系研究

目的探讨非糖尿病人群维生素D与血糖之间的相关性。方法选取2013年1-12月在解放军306医院体检中心体检的男性620例,留取空腹静脉血,测定血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,并检测空腹血糖(FBG)。根据25(OH)D水平进行三分变量法分组,分别分为低分位、中分位和高分位3组,分析25(OH)D水平与FBG之间的关系。结果低分位组的FBG[(5.19±0.39)nmol/L]明显高于中分位组[(5.07±0.41)nmol/L]和高分位组[(5.07±0.35)nmol/L],组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。血清25(OH)D水平与FBG呈明显负相关(r=-0.12,P<0.01)。结论男性非糖尿病人群维生素D水平与FBG密切相关,维持人体正常维生素D水平可能对预防糖尿病的发生、降低糖尿病的患病率起到一定作用。     

低钙透析对尿毒症患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的影响

随着活性维生素D在尿毒症继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（SHPT）治疗中的广泛应用,治疗中频繁而严重的高钙血症常导致不得不降低或停用活性维生素D,结果又导致甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）控制不佳。因此,维持钙磷代谢平衡及iPTH水平已成为本领域的热点。我们采用低钙透析液联合活性维生素D治疗尿毒症患者SHPT取得了一定疗效。现报道如下。     

"罗圈腿"的形成与矫正

罗圈腿又称“O”形腿,医学上称为膝内翻;外八字腿,又称“X”形腿,医学上谓之膝外翻,膝外翻也属于“罗圈腿”范畴。医学研究证明:罗圈腿的成因多为人体内维生素D缺乏造成钙、磷代谢紊乱、钙吸收障碍,从而引起骨质软化、骨骼改变、佝偻病等症状,进而导致下肢骨的弯曲。罗圈腿不仅影响人的形体美,而且破坏了人体膝关节正常用力的分布,使关节一侧所受的生物应力增大,对侧的相对减少;天长日久,会引起膝关节行走时疼痛,进而导致骨性膝关节炎。另外,严重的罗圈腿不仅会影响患者的工作和生活,也会影响患者的心理健康。由于维生素D缺乏、营养不良等…     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.