胆囊管癌伴右副肝管直接汇入胆囊管1例报告

正胆道变异的类型繁多,包括胆囊管与肝总管并行低位汇合,胆囊管汇入右肝管、副肝管等~([1])。其中副肝管又叫Luschka胆管或迷走胆管,是胚胎期肝十二指肠发育不全的常见畸形,直接连接胆囊和肝内胆管通道,常开口于胆总管,其次是右肝管和胆囊管~([2])。本文报道1例较大右副肝管直接汇入胆囊管,并伴有胆囊管癌的罕见病例。1病例资料患者男性,63岁,因"间断性上腹部胀痛不适2年,加重伴     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中肝外胆管变异的辨别与处理

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)中肝外胆管变异的辨别及治疗方法,以减少胆道损伤的发生。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2014年1月在武汉市蔡甸区人民医院行LC且术中发现肝外胆管结构变异的60例患者相关临床资料,总结术中及术后情况。结果术中发现胆囊管变异32例,胆囊管汇入肝外胆管位置异常20例,胆囊管与肝总管共一侧壁再汇入胆总管2例,胆囊床迷走胆管2例以及副肝管4例。顺利完成LC患者51例,成功率85%;中转开腹9例,中转率15%。所有患者均顺利完成手术,有2例发生术后并发症,其中1例存在胆管残留结石,另1例LC术后1周发生胆汁渗漏,再次手术后恢复。所有患者均痊愈出院,未出现腹腔内出血、感染及肠道损伤等严重并发症。结论掌握肝外胆管结构变异,术中细致分离解剖胆囊三角区,辨别肝外胆管变异的种类,针对性地给予合适的操作方法是LC的关键,可明显降低胆道损伤的发生率。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的诊断及处理

目的总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）胆管损伤的特点及诊断和处理的经验教训。方法回顾性分析23例LC胆管损伤的诊治情况。结果主胆管损伤12例，其中胆总管横断6例，肝总管横断2例，右肝管横断1例，胆总管横行夹闭1例，胆总管和肝总管裂孔各1例。副肝管损伤11例，其中迷走胆管损伤1例，细小副肝管损伤7例，较粗大的副肝管损伤3例。本组病例全部治愈。结论LC较开腹胆囊切除术更易发生胆管损伤，且损伤更为隐蔽、复杂，处理难，预后差。应根据不同的情况选择适当的手术方式．     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术预防肝外胆管损伤的体会

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(ＬＣ)中,肝外胆管损伤是一严重的并发症,我院自1992年1月至1999年6月施行ＬＣ18600例,发生肝外胆管损伤12例,报告如下。临床资料一、一般资料:本组12例中男性5例,女性7例。年龄34～66岁,中位年龄43岁。全麻、气腹下施行ＬＣ,手术时间9～56ｍｉｎ,平均(30±5)ｍｉｎ。病理诊断:结石性胆囊炎10例(其中急性胆囊炎4例,萎缩性胆囊炎3例),胆囊结石伴胆总管囊肿1例,胆囊腺瘤1例。二、肝外胆管损伤部位及诊断时间:胆总管损伤5例(4例横断伤,1例电切撕裂伤);右肝管横断伤3例;肝管、胆总管离断缺损伤3例;肝总管横断伤1例。本组病例于…     

基于磁共振胆胰管成像图像测量的改良型经皮肝穿刺胆管引流用胆管引流管设计研究

目的利用磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)图像的测量信息为设计制备改良型经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTCD)用胆管引流管提供数据参考。方法描述性研究。收集郑州大学附属肿瘤医院放射科自2015年7月至2020年7月2 300例患者3.0 T上腹部MRI及MRCP的影像资料, 筛选出肝门部胆管结构显示清晰, 且为胰头癌、胆总管癌或壶腹部癌所致的胆管梗阻且合并肝内外胆管扩张的患者381例, 对这些患者MRCP图像中的左右肝管、肝总管的长度进行测量, 根据测量结果对PTCD用胆管引流管进行改良设计。结果测量出恶性肿瘤致胆管梗阻状态下左肝管自起始部至左右肝管汇合部中心点的距离为(15.9±3.8)mm, 右肝管自起始部至左右肝管汇合部中心点的距离为(12.4±3.2)mm, 自胆囊管汇入部至左右肝管汇合部中心点的长度为(34.0±8.1)mm, 根据测量结果完成了PTCD用胆管引流管的引流侧孔分布位置及长度的改良设计, 并完成实物化制作。结论 MRCP图像胆管测量是获取扩张状态下胆管长度数据的有效方法, 根据胆管测量结果制备的改良用PTCD用胆管引流管贴合Bismuth Ⅱ、Ⅲ型高位胆管癌所致的胆管梗阻的...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术1475例胆囊动脉胆囊管的解剖与处理

目的:报告腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊动脉及胆囊管的解剖观察。方法:1991—1993年行腹腔镜胆囊切除术1475例,手术认真解剖了胆囊动脉和并用钛夹分别进行钳闭处理。结果:84.9％为主干型胆囊动脉,15.1％为多支型胆囊动脉、胆囊动脉缺如或细小,肝迷走胆囊动脉等变异。90.9％的胆囊管直径0.3—0.4cm,长1—3.5cm。因胆囊炎症的严重程度导致胆囊管纤维化闭锁或增粗多见。短胆囊管76例。因误认致肝外胆管横断伤3例,胆囊动脉后支出血止血钳闭部分肝总管1例,胆囊管残端瘘1例,变异胆囊动脉术后出血2例。术后并发心律失常、肺部感染,21d死于多器官功能衰竭1例(0.1％)。治愈1474例(99.9％)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆石症是-安全的方法,术中仔细解剖胆囊动脉和胆囊管极为重要。     

肝门部胆管癌:外科治疗还是内镜治疗

肝门部胆管癌是指肝总管、左右肝管及其汇合部发生的,主要侵犯肝总管、肝总管分叉部及左右肝管的胆管上皮细胞恶性肿瘤,也称为近端胆管癌或高位胆管癌.1965年Klatskin首先描述了胆管分叉部腺癌的临床病理特点,故又将肝门部胆管癌称为Klatskin瘤.对于该病的发病率,美国的报道是1.2/10万[1],国内目前尚无确切发病率的报道,但临床上普遍现象是肝门部胆管癌的病例越来越多.     

肝门部高位恶性胆管梗阻的多支架引流治疗

目的探讨多支架植入技术治疗肝门部高位多发性恶性胆道梗阻的治疗方法及临床应用价值。方法高位胆管梗阻127例。梗阻部位：肝总管上端距左、右肝管汇合部1cm以内66例，左、右肝管及肝总管上端同时梗阻45例．肝内右肝管多发性梗阻5例，肝内左、右肝管梗阻11例。采用五种支架植入方法。66例经右腋中线右肝管一胆总管途径植入支架；37例经腋中线和剑突下’分别穿刺左、右肝管。植入2个支架呈“Y”型排列。7例左肝管一右盯管问植入支架，再在右肝管一胆总管间植入支架．2支架呈“Г”行排列。3例右肝内肝管多发梗阻。先存右肝内盯管问放置支架，再在右肝管-肝总管问放置支架。12例右盯管放置支架．左肝管放置外引流。2例右盯内肝管多发梗阻病例，单纯放置多点位外引流。测定术前、术后血清总胆红素水平。结果127例高他胆管梗阻患者经植入支架。实现胆汁内引流。J2J例患者的总胆红素由术前平均（283．4±175．4）μmol，／L下降至（63．2±111．8）／μmol／L．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后随访1～28个月．患者生存率大于6个月者占67．3％（85/127）。1年者占46．5％（59／127）。结论对无法手术治疗的肝门部高位多部位恶性胆管梗阻．采用双点传双通道双支架植入或单点位单通道双支架植入,能有效实现胆汁的全面充分内引流．临床效果显著。     

肝内胆管结石手术治疗132例分析

目的探讨肝内胆管结石的有效治疗。方法总结我院12年手术治疗肝内胆管结石病人的方法。结果132例中合并胆管狭窄71例，其中胆囊管以上53例，胆总管下段狭窄18例。肝胆管结石并狭窄高达53．8％。均经手术治疗。手术方式：胆总管切开取石T管引流61例，胆总管切开取石、Oddi括约肌切开成形、T管引流、胆总管十二指肠吻合18例，胆总管空肠Roux—Cn—y吻合5例，肝总管汇合部切开肝胆管空肠Roux—ca—y吻合7例，肝总管切开肝内胆管切开整形、胆管空肠Roux—cn—y吻合4例，左半肝切除10例，左外叶切除27例。结果132例中治愈儿7例，结石残余25例，治愈率为88．6％。结论肝叶切除，肝内狭窄胆管的切开整形、胆管空肠吻合是治疗肝内胆管结石的主要方法，能有效降低结石的残余和复发。     

肝内、外胆管及胆囊扩张程度和低拉梗阻性黄疸病变的相关性研究

目的探讨肝内、外胆管及胆囊扩张程度、形式对低位阻塞性黄疸的诊断价值. 方法通过对肝、胆、胰CT和ERCP的影像表现,结合手术和病理结果,对低位阻塞性黄疸的128例患者不同类型肝内外胆管及胆囊扩张程度做对照分析.     

A case of cholecystohepatic duct with atrophic common hepatic duct

BackgroundCholecystohepatic ducts are rare congenital variants of the biliary tree.Case outlineAn 81-year-old woman presented with biliary colic and elevated liver function tests. An ERCP demonstrated a common bile duct stone and stricture of the common hepatic duct. An operative cholangiogram demonstrated an atrophic common hepatic duct and retrograde filling of the gallbladder through a large cholecystoheptic duct. The patient had a cholecystectomy and reconstructive cholecystohepatic duct jejunostomy.DiscussionThis case demonstrates a rare congenital anomaly where the gallbladder fills retrograde during an intraoperative cholangiogram despite clipping of the cystic duct. The major path of biliary drainage was through a large cholecystoheptic duct similar to a gallbladder interposition; however, the common hepatic duct was still present but atrophic. This anomaly has not been described previously.     

Adenomyoma of the common hepatic duct

BackgroundAdenomyoma occurs most commonly in the fundus of the gallbladder, seldom in other parts of the gallbladder and rarely in the extrahepatic biliary tree, where most lesions are localised to the common bile duct or papilla of Vater. Adenomyoma of the common hepatic duct is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only three cases have been reported so far.Case outlineA 51-year-old woman was admitted with a three month history of attacks of right upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever. Laboratory data, ultrasonography, ERCP and CT confirmed slight cholestasis and proximal bile duct dilatation due to a tumour within the common hepatic duct. Cholecystectomy was performed with excision of the suprapancreatic common bile duct including the convergence of the hepatic ducts plus lymphadenectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Frozen section histology showed the benign nature of the lesion and a tumour-free resection line. Final histology showed adenomyoma. The patient has remained symptomfree for more than 30 months.DiscussionAlthough adenomyoma is a benign lesion and the surgical strategy has not been established, complete excision with frozen section is recommended to exclude small malignant foci and local recurrence as well as to avoid surgical over-treatment.     

Neuroendocrine tumor of common hepatic duct

Extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBD) remain one of the rarest primary sites for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) accounting for 0.1 % to 0.2 % of all NETs of the gastrointestinal tract. We present one such case, a 28-year-old female with vague abdominal symptoms and periportal lymph node enlargement on radiological examination. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography revealed 1.5 cms long common hepatic duct stricture and brush cytology showed no malignant cells. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology from the lymph nodes reported malignant cells. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with excision of the extrahepatic biliary tree and radical lymphadenectomy was done. The diagnosis of well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma was confirmed on histological and immunohistochemical studies. NETs of biliary tract are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. The aggressive use of curative and cytoreductive surgery is the frontline of treatment. But the rare alternative diagnosis of NETs should be kept in mind by the surgeon for proper timely management.     

Adenomyoma of the common hepatic duct

A very rare case of adenomyoma of the common hepatic duct is described. A 54-year-old woman was admitted with impending obstructive jaundice secondary to adenomyoma of the common hepatic duct. Our impression, formulated from her clinical presentation, endoscopic investigations, and biochemical and radiological findings, was a cancer of the proximal common hepatic duct. The patient was treated successfully by combination surgical resection and hepaticojejunostomy. Despite our obtaining an intraoperative frozen section, final histological examination was required to confirm the diagnosis. The patient remains well 16 months postoperatively. A survey of the world literature revealed that this is the second report of adenomyoma occurring in the common hepatic duct.