Endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy -long-term results

Summary

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) was successfully performed in 40 patients, with four patients having bilateral surgery. Follow-up data were obtained on 43/44 eyes using clinical notes and a patient questionnaire. Range of follow up was 1–46 months, with an average of 18 months (in nine patients follow up was at least 3 years). Epiphora was successfully relieved in 86% of patients and there was no evidence of a recurrence of nasolacrimal obstruction in the long term. Endoscopic DCR is a relatively quick and simple procedure with low morbidity, and as such is suitable for day case surgery. Satisfactory long-term results make endoscopic DCR an alternative to external DCR as primary surgical treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. In cases of failed external DCR, or when epiphora is iatrogenic following surgery to the lateral nasal wall, a transnasal endoscopic approach is probably the treatment of choice.     

泪囊鼻腔吻合术术后复发经鼻内窥镜下手术治疗

目的 观察慢性泪囊炎行泪囊鼻腔吻合术术后复发经鼻内窥镜下手术治疗的疗效,探讨泪囊鼻腔吻合术术后复发的有效治疗方法.方法 对13例(14眼)慢性泪囊炎行泪囊鼻腔吻合术术后复发的患者应用经鼻内窥镜下再次手术治疗,术后随访6个月～ 2年,复查时行泪道冲洗及鼻内镜检查.结果 9例10眼治愈,占71.4%;2例2眼有效,占14.3%;2例2眼无效.总有效率85.7%.结论 经鼻内窥镜下手术治疗泪囊鼻腔吻合术术后复发,手术简便,成功率高,不再次造成面部瘢痕,是一种有效的手术方法.     

Endoscopic guided single self-linking silicone stent in pediatric external dacryocystorhinostomy

Abstract

Aims: To study the efficacy of a new technique of single self-linking silicone stent exclusively in pediatric external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and to report the new use and advantages of endoscopic guidance for the same. Material and methods: Prospective interventional case series, including 11 eyes of ten patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Data collected included demographic data, clinical presentation, laterality, status of lids and puncta, syringing findings, probing interpretations, types and duration of intubation. Consecutive pediatric patients with post-saccal obstruction who underwent an external dacryocystorhinostomy were included. Exclusion criteria included patients who had undergone a DCR in the past by any route via external, endonasal or transcanalicular. Primary outcome measures were stent retention and ease of stent removal. Secondary outcome measures were anatomic patency of the passage and resolution of symptoms. Results: There were three male and seven female patients. Mean age was 9.4 years (range 6–15). A total of 11 procedures were carried out. Following placement of self-linked stents, the removal was done at a mean duration of 13.2 weeks (range:12–16 weeks). None of the patients had a stent prolapse during this period. All stents were removed in the outpatient without the use of general anesthesia with minimal endoscopic guidance. A minimum follow-up of three months following removal was considered for final analysis. Follow-up ranged from three months to six months after tube removal. The anatomical and functional success rate was 91%. There was one anatomical failure three months following tube removal and the remaining patients were free of symptoms at the last follow-up. Conclusions: Self-linking stents are a useful modality in pediatric patients not only to prevent stent prolapse but also to allow easy removal with minimum discomfort. Endoscopic guidance is a useful addition to this technique.     

鼻泪管支架置入术治疗鼻泪管阻塞

目的　探讨介入性鼻泪管支架置入术治疗鼻泪管阻塞的临床疗效。方法　采用Ｓｏｎｇ ６０１ 型鼻泪管支架组套,经鼻侧逆行置入支架治疗鼻泪管阻塞５ 例。结果　技术成功率１００ ％ 。术后即刻造影鼻泪管通畅。１ 例术后１ 周出现再堵塞,其余４ 例溢泪症状完全缓解。随访５ ～１２ 个月,１ 例４ 个月后复发,另３ 例保持通畅至今。结论　鼻泪管支架置入术是治疗鼻泪管阻塞简单有效的方法。     

鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术后新型吸切器切除吻合口肉芽组织的疗效

目的 评估鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术（En-DCR）后用新型吸切器切除吻合口肉芽组织的效果。方法 招募2017年1月－2020年3月就诊于温州医科大学附属眼视光医院的原发性获得性鼻泪管阻塞（PANDO）患者进行En-DCR手术,术后主要通过内镜检查随访,评估吻合口愈合情况以及周围是否存在肉芽组织,将因肉芽组织影响泪液引流功能的病例纳入研究,根据肉芽组织与吻合口的相对位置关系,分为内部组和边缘组,并采用一种新型的吸切器切除肉芽组织。所有病例在切除后1周、2周、1个月、2个月、3个月、6个月和9个月进行随访,采用内镜检查、裂隙灯检查、荧光素染料消失试验和泪道冲洗试验等方法,评估切除的治疗效果和并发症,并采用χ²检验对两组患者的结果进行比较。结果 共纳入52例（52眼）患者。其中,内部组16例,边缘组36例。术后随访9个月,总成功率达86.5%,内部组成功率为87.5%,边缘组成功率为86.1%,两组患者比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;两组患者均未发生明显出血和其他并发症。结论 新型吸切器切除En-DCR术后吻合口形成的肉芽组织,成功率高,并发症发生率低,是一种很好的选择。     

Computed tomography imaging features for amyloid dacryolith in the nasolacrimal excretory system: A case report

BACKGROUNDNasolacrimal duct obstruction leading to epiphora is a common ophthalmologic complaint, and it may derive from amyloidosis in rare cases. There are a few reports about localized amyloidosis, and amyloidosis with involvement and obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct is exceedingly rare. CASE SUMMARYA 54-year-old male presented with a 2-year history of a lump overlying the left lacrimal sac that had grown rapidly for nearly half a year. Physical examination touched a firm lump in the left lacrimal sac. Nasal endoscopy discovered lesions in appearance of sediments with easy bleeding at the entry of the nasolacrimal duct of the left inferior nasal meatus. Computerized tomography scan revealed speckle high density in the left lacrimal sac and the dilated nasolacrimal duct. During an endoscopic exploration and excision, a large number of dacryoliths were exposed. Pathology indicated amorphous pink material and multinucleated giant cell reaction in the fibrous tissue.CONCLUSIONThis case showed amyloidosis in localized form mimicking dacryolith with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. In clinical practice, we should be aware of the possibility of localized amyloidosis in the nasolacrimal excretory system.     

可拆卸钛夹联合橡皮圈辅助内镜逆行胰胆管造影术在困难胆管插管中的临床应用

目的 评价可拆卸钛夹联合橡皮圈辅助内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）在合并憩室内乳头的困难胆管插管中的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2020年3月－2021年10月因各种胆道疾病在该院行ERCP的869例患者的临床资料,对困难胆管合并憩室内乳头初始行常规插管失败的127例患者,使用可拆卸钛夹联合橡皮圈辅助技术再次行胆管插管,观察患者胆管插管成功率、辅助后插管成功时间和术后并发症发生率等情况。结果 困难插管患者127例（14.61%,127/869）。其中,14例合并有憩室内乳头的困难插管患者,经常规插管方法无法进入胆管,采用可拆卸钛夹联合橡皮圈的辅助技术再次进行胆管插管后,13例（92.86%）患者插管成功,插管时间（6.23±2.87）min,1例尝试数次仍未能进入胆管。术后2例发生高淀粉酶血症,1例发生轻度胰腺炎,无其他并发症发生。结论 可拆卸钛夹联合橡皮圈的辅助技术用于合并有憩室内乳头的困难胆管插管患者,安全、有效。值得临床应用推广。     

自行设计定制“鱼形针”在泪道植管术中的应用价值

目的探讨"鱼形针"在泪道植管术中的应用价值。方法单纯慢性鼻泪管阻塞51眼,复杂性泪道阻塞19眼,急性泪囊炎3眼,采用自行设计定制的"鱼形针"配合送管器,将硅胶管植入鼻泪管和泪囊,随访6～18月。结果 73眼中67眼(91.7%)无溢泪、泪道冲洗通畅,6眼有流泪症状(8.2%)、泪道冲洗欠通畅。单纯慢性鼻泪管阻塞平均手术时间为3分钟。手术操作后多数患者无明显鼻腔出血。结论鱼形针与送管器配合硅胶管置入术无需使用鼻镜、额镜等观察器械来辅助,是治疗鼻泪管阻塞,慢性泪囊炎的一种安全、可靠、方便、快捷、并发症少、复发率低的治疗方法 ,而且在急性泪囊炎的治疗中疗效满意。     

Clinical success of ERCP procedures in nonagenarian patients with bile duct stones

Abstract

In the general population, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures are the gold standard in the treatment of bile duct stones. However, repeat endoscopic procedures and sometimes even open surgery are needed in difficult cases with retaining bile duct stones. The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical success of ERCP procedures in the treatment of bile duct stones in extremely old patients. A retrospective data review comprising prospective data collection and double-entry bookkeeping of 23 therapeutic ERCPs in 20 nonagenarians with bile duct stones was conducted between 1997 and 2007. The primary ERCP procedure was the definitive treatment in 17 out of 20 patients with bile duct stones, giving a clinical success rate of 85 % for the first endoscopic procedure. In the remaining three patients, a repeat ERCP procedure had to be done in the follow-up. After these three repeat procedures with successful outcome, the clinical success of endoscopic treatment was 100%. There was no further recurrent biliary obstruction in any of the patients prior to death which occurred after a mean of 38 months (two patients are still alive), and no open surgery had to be performed in these patients. To be concluded, endoscopic treatment modality seems to be excellent in extremely elderly patients with bile duct stones.     

Endoscopic duct obstruction in chronic pancreatitis.

Ligation of Wirsung's duct or obstruction with a glue may be an alternative to pancreatectomy in patients with intractable pain due to chronic relapsing pancreatitis. In 10 patients obstruction of Wirsung's duct was performed via endoscopic retrograde instillation of an alcoholic aminoacid solution into the ductal system. All patients became free of symptoms within one week; no complications were seen. Long-term follow-up data, however, suggest that clinical improvement may be persistent in only about 50 per cent of the patients. Further data are necessary before endoscopic obstruction of Wirsung's duct can be recommended as a conservative method in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.     

内镜下光动力疗法治疗壶腹部肿瘤的临床疗效

目的 探讨内镜下光动力疗法(PDT)治疗壶腹部肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2019年2月-2020年12月山东省立第三医院收治的14例壶腹部肿瘤患者的临床资料.术前48 h给予静脉输注血卟啉注射液,首次实施内镜下PDT治疗,术后24 h再行1次PDT照射,评估技术操作成功率及并发症发生情况,术后2个月复查内镜评估临...     

Endoscopic treatment of anastomotic biliary stenosis in patients with orthotopic liver transplantation

The choledocho-choledochostomy stricture is one of the most frequent complications occurring after liver transplantation. Today endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may be considered one of the most common methodologic approaches for the diagnosis; at the same time it provides an effective treatment of the stenosis, avoiding more invasive surgery. Biliary flow through a strictured anastomosis definitely improves after endoscopic stenting which, in most cases, resolves the biliary obstruction syndrome; moreover, the stent could allow restoration of the anatomical and functional integrity of the common bile duct. We have successfully treated eight liver transplanted patients with biliary anastomotic stenosis by endoscopic stenting of the common bile duct or by balloon dilation (one patient). The stents were replaced every 3 to 4 months and then removed after 1 year of follow-up. We observed one patient with acute cholangitis due to the clogging of the prosthetic device.     

逆行性人工鼻泪管植入修复泪道阻塞性疾病：18个月随访（英文）

背景：人工鼻泪管植入治疗泪道阻塞性疾病不会改变泪道的解剖结构,是一种简单有效的治疗方法。目的：评价人工鼻泪管植入治疗泪道阻塞性疾病的有效性及安全性。方法：选择2008/2009逆行性人工鼻泪管植入治疗泪道阻塞患者87例,共94眼,年龄26～71岁,平均56岁。其中鼻泪管阻塞患者31例,慢性泪囊炎患者56例。随访时间为18个月。结果与结论：人工鼻泪管植入后第2天92眼溢泪症状完全缓解,成功率为98%（92/94）。随访中,85眼人工鼻泪管保持通畅,8眼发生阻塞,1眼发生人工鼻泪管移位,植入有效率为90%（85/94）。植入后有7例患者出现疼痛,2例出现眼睑水肿,所有患者均有少量鼻出血,经对症处理后均缓解。结果可见人工鼻泪管植入是治疗泪道阻塞性疾病简单有效安全的方法。     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影术用于老年胆总管结石效果及术后并发症的危险因素分析

目的 评价内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)用于老年胆总管结石效果及并发胰腺和胆道感染的危险因素.方法 收集2019年3月-2020年5月入院行ERCP的300例老年胆总管结石患者的基本情况、临床资料和既往病史等,观察其治疗效果,并分析探讨术后并发症的危险因素.结果 300例老年胆总管结石患者经ERCP治疗后,取石成功率...     

经鼻内窥镜泪囊窝造口大隐静脉或唇黏膜移植再造泪道:18例分组比较

背景:国内外对严重泪道阻塞的治疗,还没有理想的方法.如何改进手术方式,选择合适的移植材料,提高治疗效果,容易让患者接受是泪道阻塞诊治研究工作者的课题.目的:评估经鼻内窥镜泪囊窝造口自体大隐静脉或居黏膜移植泪道再造的有效性和安全性.设计、时间及地点:对比观察,于2005-04/2007-06在武装警察部队总医院完成.对象:选择武装警察部队总医院收治的上、下泪小管严重阻塞合并泪囊缺失或萎缩患者18例伯眼.方法:根据移植材料分为2组,大隐静脉组9例,口唇黏膜组9例.大隐静脉组采用自体大隐静脉移植,口唇黏膜组采用自体口唇黏膜移植.对2组患者移植后泪道通畅情况、泪溢症状改善的程度和并发症等做统计分析.主要观察指标:移植后带管期间泪溢症状改善情况,拔管后泪道探查冲洗情况,拔管后第12周泪道放射性核素~(99)Tc~m(TcO_4~-)显影检查核素入鼻时间,判定治疗效果.结果:两组患者移植后带管3个月期间,泪溢症状即可得到不同程度的改善.拔管后第12周,泪道放射性核素88Tcm显影检查,核素入鼻时间分别为(8.58±4.3)min和(9.16±5.8)min,两组差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).大隐静脉组和口唇黏膜组的治愈病例分别是6例和5例,好转病例均为2例,无效病例数分别为1例和2例.结论:经鼻内窥镜泪囊窝造口自体大隐静脉或唇黏膜移植泪道再造治疗严重泪道阻塞安全、有效,自体大隐静脉和唇黏膜作为移植材料各有优缺点.     

胰腺钩突部肿瘤行超声内镜引导下针吸活检术的体会

目的分析超声内镜引导下针吸活检术(EUS-FNA)对胰腺钩突部肿瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析13例胰腺钩突部肿瘤患者的临床资料,患者均行EUS-FNA。结果 13例患者中胰腺实质性肿瘤11例,胰腺囊性病变2例;11例实质性肿瘤患者中,获得组织学诊断4例(阳性率36.4%)、细胞学诊断10例(阳性率90.9%),术后并发症包括1例高淀粉酶血症和1例急性水肿性胰腺炎。2例囊性肿瘤患者均获得囊液,行细胞学及肿瘤标记物分析,无术后并发症发生。结论 EUS-FNA用于诊断胰腺钩突部肿瘤是安全有效的,但掌握其技术细节需通过经验的积累。     

鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术的护理

目的:探讨鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术治疗外伤性鼻泪管阻塞的护理及治疗效果。方法:10例外伤性鼻泪管阻塞患者接受了鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术。结果:10例接受鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术的患者术后症状缓解,鼻腔造瘘口通畅。结论:鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术是治疗外伤性鼻泪管阻塞的有效方法,而且具有损伤小,方法简便,并发症少等优点。     

High complication rate of bile duct stents in patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis due to noncompliance

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Biliary obstruction in chronic pancreatitis is frequently treated by endoscopic insertion of a plastic stent into the common bile duct, a therapy regarded as having a low complication rate. The aim of this study is to analyze the frequency and severity of complications caused by biliary stents in patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all our patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 14) who were provided with a plastic stent for biliary stenosis between June 1993 and December 1997. Stent exchanges were followed until December 1998. RESULTS: Stent insertion was performed without early complications and was successful in each patient. Only two patients were admitted after 3-4 months at the scheduled dates for stent exchange, both without complications. In one of these patients, the bile duct stenosis was reopened after two stent exchanges over a total period of 8 months. Most of our patients (n=12) did not come at the arranged dates for stent exchange. They were repeatedly admitted (mean 2.9 times/patient, range 1-5) as emergency cases with severe complications of biliary obstruction, such as cholangitis or biliary sepsis. Reopening of the bile duct stenosis was not achieved in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: We associate the high rate of complications with the noncompliance of our patients, who were all alcoholics. The high incidence of late complications in noncompliant patients is a limitation of biliary stenting, and appears to be potentially harmful.     

非X线引导引流梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的临床价值*

目的探讨非X线引导下床边引流急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎(AOSC)的临床价值。方法连续收集该院行十二指肠镜治疗AOSC的临床病例,分析在非X线引导下床边使用十二指肠镜治疗AOSC的安全性及有效性。结果在介入室行内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗AOSC患者中,插管成功146例,插管成功率为93.6%(146/156),胆红素明显下降146例,内镜治疗成功率为93.6%(146/156),出现轻型胰腺炎、高淀粉酶血症、胆管炎和十二指肠乳头穿孔等并发症共18例,发生率为11.5%(18/156);在非X线引导下床边行十二指肠镜治疗AOSC患者中,插管成功13例,插管成功率为86.7%(13/15),胆红素明显下降12例,内镜治疗成功率为80.0%(12/15),出现轻型胰腺炎、高淀粉酶血症和胆管炎并发症各1例,发生率为20.0%(3/15)。结论在非X线引导下床边十二指肠镜行超选胆管插管技术已经成熟,可以为部分AOSC重症患者或孕妇及不宜接受X线照射的患者解除胆道梗阻。     

The role of ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in gallstone-related pancreatitis

Summary

Laparoscopic surgery has become the routine for elective cholecystectomy, but its place in the management of gallstone-related pancreatitis has not yet been identified. We prospectively assessed a minimally invasive treatment regime for gallstone pancreatitis combining endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, over a 24 month period. Twenty-two patients were found to have gallstone pancreatitis. The mean age was 52 ± 18 years. All patients presented with abdominal pain. Five were jaundiced. The Ranson score severity of pancreatitis averaged 1.6 (range 0–6). Our management protocol was to perform ERCP when clinical and biochemical markers had settled, followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the same admission. The time interval between presentation and ERCP was 8.9d (range 2–15d), ERCP to surgery was 4.5d (range 2–35d) and surgery to discharge was 4d (range 1–21 d). The median hospital stay was 16d. ERCP showed stones in the common bile duct in five patients, four of whom had them removed at ERCP. Twenty patients underwent laparoscopy. The gallbladder was removed in 18 and two required conversion (one pseudocyst, one cystic artery bleed). Two patients had elective open cholecystectomy (one pseudocyst, one previous surgery). Only one patient developed a post-operative complication (pseudocyst). The majority of patients had multiple small stones in their gallbladder and it was not possible to predict the presence of common bile duct stones prior to ERCP. No patient developed post-operative pancreatitis. There was no mortality. This study shows that combined ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an efficient and safe minimally invasive management for gallstone pancreatitis.