腹腔镜脾切除术的技术改进

目的总结完全经腹腔镜行脾切除术的手术技巧. 方法需行脾切除术的患者20例,包括肝硬化继发性脾亢4例,脾假性囊肿1例,遗传性球形细胞增多症1例,原发性血小板减少性紫癜14例.采用4孔法进腹,先结扎切断脾蒂,将脾脏放入标本袋中,用电动子宫旋切器切成条状分次取出. 结果 1例因大出血中转开腹,余19例均成功.脾切除术操作时间平均195(135～270)min. 结论腹腔镜脾切除术安全可行、创伤小、费用不高, 值得临床推广.     

三孔法腹腔镜脾脏切除术

目的：总结三孔法腹腔镜脾脏切除术的手术经验及治疗效果。方法；对5例原发性血小板减少性紫癜、2例脾脏占位性病变的患采用三孔法腹腔镜脾切除术。结果：本组7例手术过程均顺利，术中出血少、创伤小、术后6例恢复快，无并发症发生，1例术后出血，再次行剖腹探查止血。7例患均痊愈出院。结论：腹腔镜脾切除对于某些病例是可行的，防止术中和术后出血是手术的关键。     

腹腔镜脾切除术（附8例报告）

目的 探讨腹腔镜脾切除术的可行性。方法 我院从1996年6月-2001年3月,共施行腹腔镜脾切除术8例,其中乙型肝炎后肝硬化继发脾功能亢进5例、遗传性球形红细胞增多症l例、原发性血小板减少性紫癜l例、脾淋巴管瘤l例。结果 手术成功6例,平均手术时间为4h,平均术中失血350ml,平均术后住院6d,无术后并发症。中转开腹2例。2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,l例行腹腔镜卵巢囊肿切除术。结论 腹腔镜脾切除术是一种安全可行的脾脏切除方法。     

手助腹腔镜与开腹巨脾切除术的临床对比研究

目的对比手助腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗巨脾症的临床疗效。方法 2006年8月～2011年6月,将40例巨脾按患者意愿分成2组各20例,分别进行手助腹腔镜脾切除术(hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy,HALS)和传统开腹脾切除术(open splenectomy,OS),比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后并发症发生率及术后住院时间等。结果 20例HALS组手术均获得成功,无中转开腹。与OS组相比,HALS组手术时间长[(110.9±37.2)min vs.(80.2±20.7)min,t=3.225,P=0.003],术中出血量少[(205.2±70.7)ml vs.(390.7±175.1)ml,t=-4.393,P=0.000],术后肛门排气早[(1.8±0.6)d vs.(2.4±0.9)d,t=-2.481,P=0.018],术后住院时间短[(8.9±1.2)d vs.(10.9±1.8)d,t=-4.134,P=0.000],术后并发症发生率差异无显著性[0(0例)vs.5.0%(1例),P=1.000]。结论 相比开腹手术,手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术具有切口美观、创伤小、恢复快的优点,是一种安全可行的治疗巨脾症的手术方式。     

PK等离子刀在腹腔镜脾切除术中的应用

目的探讨PK等离子刀在腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopicsplenectomy,LS)中的应用。方法对5例特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者采用PK等离子刀行LS术。结果5例均顺利完成手术,手术时间平均140(70～260)min。术中出血量平均120(50～640)ml。无中转开腹,术后无继发出血。结论PK等离子刀凝血功能强,术中出血少,是较理想的切割止血工具;使用PK等离子刀行LS安全可行,且效果良好。     

急诊腹腔镜脾切除术在外伤性脾破裂中的应用

目的探讨急诊腹腔镜脾切除术（1aparoscopic splenectomy,LS）治疗外伤性脾破裂的可行性。方法回顾分析我院2010年11月-2012年3月因外伤性脾破裂行急诊Ls20例的临床资料,根据脾蒂的不同类型,18例用Endo．GIA施行一级脾蒂离断,2例用Hem-o-lok施行二级脾蒂离断。结果20例手术均成功,无中转开腹,手术时间80-180min,平均110min,术中腹腔内有出血约700-1,2500ml,平均1300ml。术后无明显并发症发生。20例术后随访6个月,所有患者10天基本恢复正常生活,15—45天恢复正常工作,无严重术后并发症。结论急诊Ls治疗外伤性脾破裂可行。     

Laparoscopic Splenectomy for a Lymphangioma of the Spleen: Report of a Case

We present the first case report of a suc-cessful laparoscopic complete excision of a splenic lymphangioma. The splenic tumor was preoperatively diagnosed to be a lymphangioma by the combined modalities of ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography. A laparoscopic splenectomy was subsequently performed and the pathological examination of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of a lymphangioma. Based on the above findings, a laparoscopic splenectomy is recommended when a splenic tumor is suspected to be either benign or borderline. Received: March 13, 2000 / Accepted: September 26, 2000     

Identification of Accessory Spleens During Laparoscopic Splenectomy Is Superior to Preoperative Computed Tomography for Detection of Accessory Spleens

Background:

Missed accessory spleen (AcS) can cause recurrence of hematologic disease after splenectomy. The objective of the study was to determine whether detection of AcS is more accurate with preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan or with exploration during laparoscopic splenectomy.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed for 75 adult patients who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy for various hematologic disorders from 1999 to 2009. Preoperative CT scans were performed in all patients. Patients were followed for recurrence of disease, and a scintigraphy scan was performed in those with suspected missed AcS.

Results:

The most common diagnosis was idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in 29 patients (39%), followed by non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma in 22 patients (29%). Sixteen AcSs were found during surgery in 15 patients (20%), and preoperative CT scan identified 2 of these. Twelve AcSs were located at the splenic hilum (75%). Nine patients experienced recurrence of their disease, and none had a missed AcS on subsequent scintigraphy. Sensitivity of exploratory laparoscopy for detection of AcS was 100%, and for preoperative CT scan was 12.5% (P = .005).

Conclusion:

Exploratory laparoscopy during splenectomy is more accurate than preoperative imaging with CT scan for detection of AcS. Preoperative CT scan misses AcS frequently and should not be obtained for the purpose of its identification.     

Laparoscopic Splenectomy Using LigaSure

Background:

Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has become the standard approach for most splenectomy cases. Bleeding is the main complication and cause for conversion. We present our experience with the LigaSure and discuss its advantage as a vessel sealing system in achieving safe vascular control.

Method:

Over a 3-year period, we performed 12 consecutive LS using LigaSure at a single center. A literature review of all the patients who had undergone laparoscopic splenectomy with of the LigaSure to achieve vascular control at the hilum was carried out, assessing its advantages and outcome.

Results:

Twelve LS were performed. Eleven of these patients had ITP, and one patient had sickle cell disease. The mean blood loss was 70mL (range, 50 to 460), and operating time was 126 minutes (range, 110 to 240). Two postoperative complications occurred: portal vein thrombosis in one case and subphrenic collection in the other. The literature review revealed 8 studies with 231 cases in which the LigaSure was used to perform laparoscopic splenectomy. A significant reduction in operating time (average 102 minutes) and intraabdominal blood loss (66mL) was observed with the LigaSure compared with endostaplers.

Conclusion:

The use of LigaSure and the semilateral position results in a gain of time and safety in addition to low intraoperative bleeding, need for transfusion, minimal complications and a low conversion rate.     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜62例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)治疗特发陛血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)的安全性及疗效。方法对62例ITP患者采用腹腔镜脾切除术。结果 62例患者术前血小板(33.18±19.36)×10~9/L,术中发现副脾6例,手术时间(202.66±23.95)分钟,术中出血(226.45±106.93)rnl,住院时间(9.44±1.71)天,住院费用(29457±2946)元。无死亡患者,术后1周血小板明显上升为(171.32±89.00)×10~9/L,随访3~12个月,总有效率88.7%(55/62)。结论 LS治疗ITP,安全、有效,手术费用偏高,可避免患者长期服用激素。     

Laparoscopic Splenectomy Coupled with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopic surgery performed for coexisting spleen and gallbladder surgical diseases.

Methods:

Between May 2004 and October 2012, 12 patients underwent concomitant laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecystectomy. Indications for surgery included idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in 5 patients, hereditary spherocytosis in 4 patients, and thalassemia intermedia in 3 patients.

Results:

The mean operative time was 100 minutes (range, 80–160 minutes), and the blood loss ranged from 0 to 150 mL (mean, 50 mL). The mean longitudinal diameter of the spleen was 14 cm. One patient required conversion to open procedure. An accessory spleen was detected and removed in one case. The mean length of hospital stay was 5 days. No deaths or other major intraoperative and/or postoperative complications occurred.

Conclusion:

Provided that the technique is performed by an experienced surgical team, concomitant laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecystectomy is a safe and feasible procedure and may be considered for coexisting spleen and gallbladder diseases.     

Laparoscopy Splenectomy for Massive Splenomegaly

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for massive splenomegaly in patients with hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis. Method: A retrospective study of adult patients was conducted for splenectomy occurring from January 2006 to December 2010. We have performed the surgical procedures of splenectomy in 80 patients who were suffering from splenomegaly or hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis, among whom 40 patients underwent LS and another 40 patients received open surgery (OS). Results: Among the patients who had undergone LS, 2 patients were converted to OS and the other 38 patients underwent complete LS. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and the length of stay in LS group and OS group were 100–200 min (mean: 150 ± 30 min) vs. 120–210 min (mean: 100 ± 30 min), 50–1,000 ml (mean: 150 ± 110 ml) vs. 60–900 ml (mean: 140 ± 50 ml) and 4–9 days (mean: 6.1 ± 2.2 days) vs. 8–14 days (mean: 11.3 ± 2.3 days), respectively. No deaths occurred in the two groups, and there are no significant differences between the two groups in terms of estimated blood loss, complications, length of stay, and operating time. Conclusion: LS for treatment of massive splenomegaly is a feasible, effective, and safe surgical technique. Hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis are not supposed to be considered absolute contraindications to LS.     

减少腹腔镜脾切除术术中出血的初步体会

目的探讨预防和减少腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)术中出血的手术技巧和措施。方法2008年1月～2010年3月行LS 40例。脾动脉位于胰尾上缘者,先分离并结扎脾动脉主干,离断脾周韧带;脾动脉位于胰尾后方或胰尾内者,先离断脾周围韧带和剥离胰尾,显露和离断脾蒂血管,完成LS。结果完成LS 31例,LS联合LC 7例,LS联合胆囊切除,贲门周围血管离断术2例。术中切除副脾3例。手术时间90～210 min,平均130 min;出血量50～800 ml,平均160 ml。术后12～24 h胃肠蠕动恢复,术后24 h拔胃管后进食。术后住院5～9 d,平均7.5 d。1例特发性血小板减少性紫瘢(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)术后效果不佳,血小板一直<50×109/L,口服泼尼松20 mg/d维持治疗;23例ITP随访4个月～2年,平均1年,无复发;2例门脉高压症随访1年,未发生消化道出血。结论围手术期改善凝血,提高血小板计数,术前行脾动脉CT血管造影,手术时在胰腺上缘结扎脾动脉,分离脾周围韧带时避免撕裂脾包膜,妥善处理脾蒂血管,谨慎对待门脉高压症患者,可减少LS术中出血。     

腹腔镜巨脾切除术

目的: 探讨腹腔镜脾切除术治疗乙肝后肝硬化门静脉高压脾功能亢进的方法和疗效.方法: 对8例乙肝后肝硬化门静脉高压脾功能亢进患者采用腹腔镜脾切除术.在腹部放置3个套管,脾周韧带及脾门用超声刀解剖,脾门血管用Endo GIA夹闭离断.结果:8例病人均顺利完成腹腔镜脾切除术,无中转开腹,无术后并发症发生.术后血小板明显上升,从平均36×109/L[(17~56)×109/L]升至437×109/L[(316~624)×109/L],随访7~24个月血小板均大于100×109/L.结论: 超声刀、Endo GIA等先进技术的应用已使腹腔镜脾切除术成为治疗乙肝后肝硬化门静脉高压脾亢有效的手术方法.     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的：探讨腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的手术安全性、可行性和临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析35例内科治疗无效的特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者行腹腔镜脾切除术的临床资料。33例成功地完成腹腔镜脾切除术。另2例在腹腔镜脾切除后脾床渗血，施行小切口脾床止血。结果：手术时间70～180min，平均4120min。术中出血量20-600mL，平均120mL。平均住院时间6．4d，无并发症发生。术后随访3～20个月，平均lO个月，19例完全有效，12例部分有效，总有效率88．6％。结论：腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜安全可行、痛苦少、恢复快。     

单一切口腹腔镜脾切除2例报告

目的探讨单一切口腹腔镜脾切除的临床可行性。方法 2009年12月和2010年2月对2例外伤性脾破裂实施单一切口腹腔镜脾切除术。于左锁骨中线平脐处做一长3 cm皮肤切口,从右至左并排分别放入12 mm、10 mm和5 mmtrocar。脾周韧带以电凝钩切断,脾蒂使用直线切割器切割。结果 2例均顺利完成脾切除术,时间分别为165 min和127min,出血量100 ml和300 ml,无中转开腹和传统四孔手术,术后7天出院,3个月随访无并发症。结论单一切口腹腔镜脾切除具有可行性。     

Single Access Laparoscopic Splenectomy

Background:

Laparoscopic splenectomy has been performed in a standard fashion with 4 to 5 trocars since the early 1990s. Single access laparoscopy has recently gained interest, but single access laparoscopic splenectomy has not been reported to date. It has the possible benefits of less pain, faster recovery, better cosmesis, with theoretically similar costs to that of traditional trocars.

Methods:

A case is presented and the surgical technique of single access laparoscopic splenectomy is detailed.

Results:

The patient is an otherwise healthy 24-year-old male with medically refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and a platelet count of 15 000. A splenectomy was performed using a single incision laparoscopic technique. The patient was placed in a right lateral decubitus position, and a 2.5-cm left upper quadrant incision was made. A multi-instrument flexible single incision port was used that held 3 trocars. A standard splenectomy was performed through this port. A linear stapler was used to transect the splenic hilum. The procedure time was just over 2 hours. The patient did well, was happy with his incision, and was discharged with a platelet count of 108 000.

Conclusions:

Single access laparoscopic splenectomy is feasible in select patients and may provide a less painful, better cosmetic result.     

Splenic Autotransplantation Is Always Valid after Splenectomy

When splenectomy is performed, autotransplantation is the only method to preserve splenic function. The most frequently used technique for splenic autotransplantation in humans is the implantation of multiple sections of the splenic parenchyma into pouches created in the greater omentum. However, this technique of autotransplantation is associated with complications. For this reason, a technique in which only one 35-g slice of spleen is transplanted into the greater omentum but positioned within the native hypochondrium can be considered safe and useful for patients. Experimental studies continue to add valuable information to the ongoing research in the field of autotransplantation, providing a baseline for future studies in humans and adding arguments in favor of autotransplantation when the spleen cannot be preserved.