鄂温克族成人围度值及其年龄变化

目的:研究鄂温克族成人围度值及其年龄变化特点。方法:采用随机抽样方法,测量内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原195例(男129例,女66例)鄂温克族成人的头围、颈围、胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、臀围、大腿围、小腿围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围12项围度值,分析随年龄增长不同年龄组围度值的变化规律;采用聚类分析和主成分分析方法,对国内的20个族群资料进行比较。结果:方差分析结果显示,男性4项、女性9项围度值年龄组间的差异具有统计学意义。男性胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、小腿围和女性胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、臀围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围随年龄增长均逐渐增大。男性头围、颈围、前臂围、上臂最大围值明显高于女性。女性臀围、大腿围明显高于男性。结论:随年龄增长鄂温克族围度值变化较大;在北亚类型族群中鄂温克族的围度值较大,主要表现在胸围较大,前臂、小腿、大腿均较粗壮;鄂温克族具有北亚类型族群身体围度的共同特征。     

江西汉族城市成人围度值及其年龄变化

目的 探讨江西汉族城市成人围度值及其年龄变化特点。方法 采用随机抽样方法,测量江西307人（男151,女156）城市汉族成人的头围、颈围、胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、臀围、大腿围、小腿围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围12项围度值,分析不同年龄组围度值的变化规律;采用聚类分析方法,与国内的18个族群进行比较。结果 方差分析结果显示,男性与女性胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、大腿围、小腿围、上臂围、上臂最大围在年龄组间的差异显著。此外女性前臂围在年龄组间的差异显著。相关分析显示,男性腹围与年龄呈正相关,小腿围、上臂围、上臂最大围与年龄呈负相关。女性胸围、呼气围、腹围、上臂围与年龄呈正相关。腹围、臀围、大腿围值不存在性别间的显著性差异,其余9项围度值在性别间差异均存在统计学意义,且男性值明显高于女性。结论 江西汉族城市成人围度值具有我国北亚类型族群的特征。     

江西客家人乡村成人围度值及其年龄变化

目的 探讨江西客家人乡村成人围度值及其年龄变化特点。 方法 采用随机抽样方法,测量江西379例（男为183例,女为196例）客家人乡村成人的头围、颈围、胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、臀围、大腿围、小腿围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围等12项围度值,分析了随年龄增长不同年龄组围度值的变化规律;采用聚类分析方法,对国内的20个族群进行了比较。 结果 1. 方差分析结果显示,男性4项、女性9项围度值在年龄组间的差异具有统计学意义。2. 直线相关分析显示,男性胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围与年龄呈正相关,头围、小腿围与年龄呈负相关。女性胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、臀围、上臂围、上臂最大围均与年龄呈正相关,头围、大腿围与年龄呈负相关。3. 臀围值不存在性别间的差异,其余11项围度值差异在性别间均存在极显著性,男性值明显高于女性。 结论 江西客家人乡村成人围度值具有我国北方族群的特征。     

山西乡村汉族成人围度值及其年龄变化

目的:了解山西汉族围度资料及其年龄变化特征.方法:采用随机抽样方法,调查了山西乡村汉族成人的头围、颈围、胸围、吸气围、呼气围、腹围、臀围、大腿围、小腿围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂收缩围,共12项围度测量项目,分析不同年龄组围度值的变化规律;利用聚类分析方法,与国内的19个族群进行了比较.结果:(1)随年龄增长,男性胸围、吸...     

甘肃兰州城市汉族成人围度值及其年龄变化

目的:了解甘肃兰州城市汉族成人围度资料及其年龄变化特征.方法:采用随机抽样方法,调查了甘肃兰州市城关区汉族成人400例(男性200例,女性200例)的12项围度测量项目(头围、颈围、胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、臀围、大腿围、小腿围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围),分析了不同年龄组围度值的变化情况,并与国内的24个族群进行了比较.结果:兰州男性的总体均数除大腿围、臀围、腹围略低于女性外,其余均高于女性;随着年龄的变化躯干围男性虽有波动,但总体有逐渐上升趋势,女性则呈持续上升态势;四肢围男性上升至30岁后趋于平稳,女性上升至30岁后除上臂围外,有缓慢下降趋势.6项围度(头围、胸围、上臂围、前臂围、大腿围、小腿围)与我国24个族群比较,聚类分析结果显示,男性的各项围度数值与辽宁满族、青海撒拉族最为接近.女性的各项围度数值与辽宁满族、新疆乌孜别克族和甘肃、山西乡村汉族最为接近.结论:兰州城市汉族的围度值处于我国北方民族的中上等水平,属于我国北亚类型族群的体质特征.     

Circumferences and their variation with ageing in urban adults of Xiang-speaking population

目的:研究湘语族群城市成人围度值及其年龄变化特点.方法:采用随机抽样方法,测量320例(男为157例,女为163例)城市湘语族群成人的头围、颈围、平静胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、臀围、大腿围、小腿围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围共12项围度指标值.分析不同年龄组围度值的变化规律;采用聚类分析方法,与国内的14个族群进行了比较.结果:方差分析显示,男性大腿围值和女性头围、小腿围值不存在年龄组间的差异,其余围度值年龄组间的差异均具有统计学意义;相关分析显示,男性胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、臀围与年龄呈正相关,头围、小腿围与年龄呈负相关.女性颈围、胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、臀围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围均与年龄呈正相关,头围与年龄呈负相关;男女合计资料比较表明腹围、大腿围值不存在性别间的差异,其余10项围度值在性别间差异均存在统计学意义,且男性值高于女性.结论:湘语族群城市成人围度具有我国北亚类型族群的特征.     

白马人与羌族围度特征的分析

目的:研究白马人和羌族的围度特征。方法:采用人体测量法,在四川省平武县和阿坝羌族藏族自治州茂县随机测量233例白马人和602例羌族的13项围度值。结果:白马人男性头水平围、大腿围、小腿围、上臂围、前臂围和上臂最大围与年龄呈负相关,女性头水平围、颈围和腰围与年龄呈正相关,而大腿围和上臂最大围与年龄呈负相关;羌族男性胸围、吸气围、呼气围、腰围、腹围和臀围与年龄呈正相关,女性除头水平围和大腿围以外,其余围度指标均与年龄呈止相关。白马人男性小腿围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围年龄组间差异具有统计学意义,女性所有围度在年龄组间的差异均具有统计学意义;羌族男性所有围度在年龄组间的差异均具有统计学意义,女性除头水平围外,其余围度指标在年龄组间差异均具有统计学意义。白马人和羌族围度指标中,围度值多表现为男性大于女性,而女性的臀围和大腿围均大于男性。结论:在13个中国族群中,白马人和羌族彼此围度特征最为接近,族源关系较近。     

四川凉山彝族身体围度特征分析

目的:研究四川凉山彝族身体围度特征。方法:按学术界统一规定的方法,在四川凉山调查了402例(男197例,女205例)彝族成人的13项围度指标。结果:彝族男性的头水平围、大腿围、小腿围、上臂最大围,随年龄的增长呈线性下降趋势。彝族女性的腰围、腹围随年龄的增长,其围度值呈线性上升趋势,而大腿围则呈线性下降趋势。男性的头水平围、颈围、平静胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围度值都比女性大,性别间差异有统计学意义。结论:聚类分析显示,四川彝族与湖南汉族最为接近。     

湘语族群乡村人围度值年龄组间比较

目的 探讨湘语族群乡村成人围度值及其年龄变化特点。方法 采用随机抽样方法,测量湖南410名（男196名,女214名）湘语族群乡村成人的头围、颈围、胸围、吸气胸围、呼气胸围、腹围、臀围、大腿围、小腿围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围12项围度值,分析不同年龄组围度值的变化规律;采用聚类分析方法,对国内的19个族群进行了比较。结果 方差分析结果显示,男、女性11项（头围除外）围度值年龄组间的     

青海撒拉族乡村成人围度特征及其增龄性变化

目的 探讨青海省撒拉族乡村成人围度值的年龄变化特征。 方法 采用随机抽样方法,测量青海省海东市循化撒拉族自治县乡村成人的身高、体重等综合指标及头围、胸围、腰围、臀围、上臂围、上臂最大围、前臂围、大腿围、小腿围9项围度值,分析不同年龄组围度值的变化规律;采用聚类分析法,与我国其他17个族群进行对比。 结果 方差分析结果显示,除头围外,其他指标男、女性在各年龄段之间的差异均具有统计学意义;除大腿围外,其他指标在同一年龄段的不同性别间差异均具有统计学意义;相关分析显示,男性胸围、腰围、臀围与年龄成正相关,大腿围、前臂围、上臂最大围与年龄成负相关。女性胸围、腰围、臀围与年龄显著正相关,大腿围与年龄显著负相关。 结论 撒拉族人身体围度更具有中国北方族群的特征,与中国北方族群中阿尔泰语系突厥语族诸族群的围度接近,而与中国南方少数民族围度特征不同。     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。     

Morphology and cytochemistry of leucocytes and thrombocytes of six species of fish

Cytochemical reactions of blood leucocytes and thrombocytes from six species of fish, rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), striped bass (Morone saxatulis), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were determined. Because the staining reactions were generally similar to the reactions found in mammalian leucocytes with similar morphological features, it is reasonable to classify fish leucocytes using the same terminology as is used for mammalian leucocytes. However, in some species leucocytes with features similar to mammalian eosinophils or basophils were not found. In goldfish leucocytes were found that had segmented nuclei and unstained, moderately refractile cytoplasmic granules. These cells were classified as segmented, granular leucocytes. Although these cells do not appear similar to any mammalian or avian leucocyte, the pattern of positive cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase staining and negative granular staining is similar to that of equine eosinophils.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.