颅内皮样囊肿破裂的MRI诊断

目的:探讨颅内皮样囊肿破裂的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法:收集我院11例颅内皮样囊肿破裂的病例资料进行回顾分析。所有患者均行MRI T1WI、T2WI及脂肪抑制序列扫描。结果:颅内皮样囊肿破裂后溢出的游离脂滴在T1WI上呈高信号,T2WI上信号略有衰减,脂肪抑制序列呈极低信号。所有11例患者中,脂滴呈点状散在或弥漫分布于脑沟、脑裂、脑池及脑室内。结论:颅内皮样囊肿破裂后脂滴常分布于纵裂池及侧脑室,且具有特征性的MRI表现。     

眼眶皮样囊肿的MRI表现

目的　探讨眼眶皮样囊肿的MRI表现特征与诊断依据。方法　经手术病理证实的眼眶皮样囊肿 19例 ,均行MRI矢状位、冠状位、横轴位与增强扫描。结果　根据眼眶皮样囊肿的MRI表现特征 ,可分为三型 :1型单纯囊肿型 (4例 ) ,皮样囊肿呈椭圆形均质等T1长T2信号囊肿 ,境界清楚 ,包膜完整 ;2型黑白型 (4例 )皮样囊肿有分层 ,在T1WI与T2WI上呈现为上下两层截然不同的黑白相反信号 ,边缘锐利 ,有完整包膜 ;3型混杂信号囊肿型 (11例 ) ,皮样囊肿含脂肪成分 ,呈类圆形或不规则形状混杂信号囊性肿块 ,部分呈哑铃形骑跨眶壁上 ,位于眶内外 ;部分囊肿引起眶骨壁骨质吸收 ,境界较不清。结论　MRI可以准确而清楚地显示眼眶皮样囊肿的位置、形态、大小、信号特征及其与周围结构的关系。     

MRI误诊婴儿前囟门皮样囊肿1例

患儿女,5个月,主因"发现前囟门处肿物5个月,伴哭闹1周"入院。患儿出生后家长发现其前囟门处花生大小肿物,随后肿物逐渐增大,近1周患儿哭闹拒食。否认外伤史。查体:体温36.5℃,呼吸27次/分,神情反应可,神经系统检查正常。前囟门处肿物表面光滑,触之质软,并有波动感,活动度差,触痛不明显。MRI:前囟门     

MRI诊断卵巢黄体囊肿破裂

目的 探讨卵巢黄体囊肿破裂（OCLCR）的MRI表现。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的28例OCLCR的临床、MR影像资料。结果 28例附件区可见单囊、多囊或多房囊性包块,长径3.0～12.0 cm。根据肿块形态不同在MRI上分为3型：Ⅰ型为单囊型,17例,根据单囊与血肿位置不同又分为2种亚型,Ⅰa型（囊内血块型）8例,Ⅰb型（囊肿旁血肿型）9例;Ⅱ型为多囊型,5例;Ⅲ型为多房型,6例。增强扫描25例,囊壁及分隔厚约2.5～5.0 mm,呈环形、分隔状明显强化,20例囊壁见破裂口表现环形强化连续性中断、塌陷或缺损。与手术病理结果对照,MRI对OCLCR破裂口的诊断敏感度为90.91%（20/22）、特异度为100% （6/6）,准确率为92.86%（26/28）。MRI与手术病理诊断的一致性高（Kappa=0.81,P<0.001）。结论 OCLCR MRI表现附件区单囊、多囊或多房厚壁囊肿,MRI能准确识别囊壁破裂口,与手术病理具有高度一致性。     

椎管内上皮样囊肿和皮样囊肿的MRI诊断(附16例报告)

笔者报告了16例经手术病理证实的椎管内上皮样囊肿（9例）和皮样囊肿（7例）的MRI表现。讨论了上皮样囊肿和皮样囊肿的MRI诊断和鉴别诊断。     

颅内非典型部位皮样囊肿影像表现1例

病例男,50岁,无明显诱因突然出现面部及左侧肢体抽搐,伴口吐白沫。查体:除言语含糊外,视力、四肢活动、肌力及肌张力、指鼻反射及膝腱反射均正常,双侧Babinskis征(-),布氏征(-)。实验室检查:(-)。影像学表现:CT平扫:右侧额颞部见一类圆形占位病灶,边界较清,大小约4.0cm×     

颅内皮样囊肿破裂的CT特征

皮样囊肿是颅内少见的先天性肿瘤,约占颅内肿瘤的０２%～１%。皮样囊肿破裂的ＣＴ表现文献尚未见报道。本文报道１例。病例女,１６岁,因反复头疼、头晕、记忆模糊、表情淡漠、语言不清１０天,来我院就诊,患者步态不稳半年,临床拟诊脑占位病变行ＣＴ检查。ＣＴ扫描后颅凹巨...     

椎管内表皮样囊肿的MRI诊断与临床分析

目的：探讨椎管内表皮样囊肿的临床表现特点及MRI诊断价值。材料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的27例(男15例,女12例)椎管内表皮样囊肿的临床及影像资料,重点分析其X线表现及MRI特点。结果主要临床表现为单侧或双侧下肢疼痛、麻木无力或肌力减退。病变部位为骶尾段13、腰骶椎交界区4例,腰段7例,胸腰椎交界区3例。位于髓外硬膜下23例,脊髓内4例。病变长度2.7～9.0 cm不等,长轴与椎管方向一致。T1WI示8例呈均匀低信号,14例呈等低混杂信号,5例呈高低混杂信号。T2WI 6例呈均匀高信号,21例呈等高混杂信号;增强扫描,4例病变周围见不规则环形或线状强化。16例患者合并发育性骨质异常。结论椎管内表皮样囊肿以先天性多见,多伴有其它先天性发育畸形;X线检查可以发现并存的骨质异常,MRI表现具有特征性,对病变诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

颅内脉络膜裂囊肿的MRI诊断

目的探讨脑部脉络膜裂囊肿的MR影像表现及其诊断价值。材料与方法结合文献回顾性分析28例MRI诊断为脉络膜裂囊肿患者的临床及影像学资料。结果 28例脉络裂囊肿于轴面、冠状面及矢状面MRI扫描像均可明确显示,而以冠状面显示最佳,其中24例(85.71%)位于右侧,发生率显著高于左侧(P0.05),表现为界限清楚的囊性病变,病灶周围均无水肿,MR增强扫描无强化。结论 MR具有多参数、多平面成像的特点,可明确脉络膜裂囊肿的诊断并能够与其他囊性病变相鉴别。     

颅内表皮样囊肿的MRI诊断（附15例报告）

目的分析颅内表皮样囊肿的MRI表现。方法收集经手术嫡理证实的颅内表皮样囊肿15例，重点分析肿瘤的好发部位、大小形态及MRI扫描与增强扫描的信号特点。结果在本组嫡例中，桥小脑角区8例，鞍旁2例，斜坡区2例，枕骨1例，侧脑室三角部、第四脑室各1例。肿瘤在T1加权像上呈不均匀低信号，T2加权像、FLAIR图像上呈不均匀高信号，所有病例均行增强扫描，肿瘤均无强化。结论典型的颅内表皮样囊肿的MRI表现具有特征性，MRI检查可以作出准确诊断，并能与其他类似的颅内囊性病变相鉴别。     

颅内外型舌下神经鞘瘤的MRI诊断

目的探讨颅内外型舌下神经鞘瘤的MRI特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的4例颅内外型舌下神经鞘瘤的MRI表现。结果病灶均呈哑铃形,表现为局部软组织肿块阴影,在T1WI上呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,增强后有明显的环状或不均匀强化,边界均较清晰,同时可见舌下神经孔扩大4例,见线条状增粗的舌下神经与病灶相连3例。结论颅内外型舌下神经鞘瘤具备较特征性的MRI表现。     

磁共振弥散加权成像在椎体良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像在椎体良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 30例病人76个病变椎体,行常规T1WI、T2WI、STIR、DWI和T1WI增强扫描(部分病人)检查。椎体良性病变10例18个病灶(n=18),其中血管瘤8例12个病灶,结核性病变2例6个病灶;椎体恶性病变20例共58个病灶:其中肺癌转移12例35个病灶,肠癌转移4例13病灶,乳癌转移4例10个病灶。分析病变椎体的MRI影像学特征,包括形态特征、DWI信号改变,并定量测定病变椎体感兴趣区(ROI)的ADC值,进行统计学分析。结果良恶性病灶在DWI序列上的信号多数为高信号,无统计学差异,椎体良性病变ADC值为(2.029±0.814)×10-4mm2/s,椎体恶性病变病灶ADC值为(1.129±0.725)×10-4mm2/s,两者ADC值比较有显著的统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论椎体良恶性病变在DWI上的信号变化对鉴别诊断中假阴性和假阳性的概率较高,ADC值的测定对鉴别诊断有较大帮助。     

Asymptomatic traumatic rupture of an intracranial dermoid cyst: A case report

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies reported that most of the intracranial dermoid cyst ruptures were spontaneous, and only a few were traumatic, with asymptomatic much rarer than the symptomatic ruptures. Hence, how to deal with the asymptomatic traumatic rupture of intracranial dermoid cyst remains a challenge in the clinic.CASE SUMMARYA 59-year-old man was accidentally diagnosed with intracranial dermoid cyst through a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan due to a car accident. A mixed-density lesion with fat and a calcified margin was observed in the midline of the posterior fossa, accompanied with lipid droplet drifts in brain sulci, fissures, cisterns, and ventricles. After 1 wk of conservative observation, no change was observed on the updated cranial CT scan. After 2 wk of conservative observation, magnetic resonance imaging examination confirmed that the lesion was a traumatic rupture of a posterior fossa dermoid cyst with lipid droplet drifts. As the patient exhibited no adverse symptoms throughout the 2 wk, a 6-mo follow-up visit was arranged for him instead of aggressive treatment. Nonetheless, the patient did not show any abnormal neurological symptoms in the 6 mo of follow-up visits.CONCLUSIONAsymptomatic traumatic rupture of intracranial dermoid cyst could be just followed or treated conservatively rather than treated aggressively.     

Ultrasonographic appearance of dermoid and epidermoid cysts in the head and neck.

The ultrasonographic features of 6 histologically proven dermoid and epidermoid cysts in the head and neck are reported. All 6 cysts had internal echoes, with a solid appearance. Five of the 6 were echogenic, with only slight or no posterior echo enhancement. Amorphous keratinous debris from keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium filled the lumen of each cyst, producing the internal echoes. Most of the true solid tumors examined were generally of lower echogenicity, and could be differentiated from dermoid and epidermoid cysts ultrasonographically, although lipomas were indistinguishable from these cysts.     

Retrorectal dermoid cyst in a male adult: case report

We describe a 48-year-old male patient who presented with rectal fullness and pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic studies revealed a noncalcified, unilocular, cystic mass lesion with well-defined borders. On MRI nondependent fat spheres were detected inside the cyst. The same pattern has been described in dermoid cyst of the ovary. We suggest that this MRI pattern is specific to dermoid cysts.     

肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨肠道非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤的CT和MRI特征表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析15例肠道淋巴瘤的CT和MRI检查资料。全部病例经手术或活检病理证实，均为非何杰金恶性淋巴瘤。结果本组15例共发现不连续肠道病变19个，浸润型病灶11个，其中“动脉瘤样扩张征”5个；肠壁非均匀性增厚型病灶3个；肿块型病灶5个。腹腔淋巴结肿大15例。脾受侵犯5例。结论肠道非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征性，CT和MRI在显示肠管壁形态、增厚的程度与范围，浆膜面的改变，肠外器官的侵犯，淋巴结增大等方面能提供较详细资料，有助于肿瘤的定性、分期及疗效评价。